Question 1

An employer can successfully defend a religious discrimination claim by .&#10;A)showing that an accommodation request is unreasonable and would cause inconvenience to the employer&#10;B)showing that an accommodation request is unreasonable and would cause undue hardship to the employer&#10;C)showing that an accommodation request is unreasonable&#10;D)showing that an accommodation request would cause an undue hardship to the employer

Accepted Answer

An employer can defend against a religious discrimination claim by demonstrating that accommodating the employee's religious practices would cause undue hardship, which is a significant difficulty or expense, to the employer.

Question 2

Discrimination is widely considered unethical largely because it is .&#10;A)unjust&#10;B)illegal&#10;C)harmful&#10;D)merited

Accepted Answer

Discrimination is widely considered unethical largely because it is unjust.

Question 3

It is not generally illegal to discriminate on the basis of .&#10;A)sex&#10;B)age&#10;C)ability&#10;D)nationality

Accepted Answer

Discrimination based on ability is not generally illegal, as it often depends on the context and specific laws, such as those related to disability rights.

Question 4

A utilitarian in opposition to discrimination would say that discrimination is wrong because .&#10;A)it makes productivity suffer&#10;B)it violates the right to privacy&#10;C)it violates human dignity&#10;D)it is unfair

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism focuses on the consequences of actions, and discrimination is seen as wrong because it leads to negative outcomes like reduced productivity and overall societal harm.

Question 5

One who supports affirmative action on the basis of compensation would argue on the basis of .&#10;A)fairness&#10;B)justice&#10;C)benefits&#10;D)consequences

Accepted Answer

Supporting affirmative action on the basis of compensation is fundamentally about rectifying past injustices and ensuring justice for those who have been historically marginalized or discriminated against. This perspective emphasizes correcting or compensating for past wrongs to achieve a more equitable society.

Question 6

A nonconsequentialist might argue against discrimination on the basis of .&#10;A)the disadvantage it gives to minorities&#10;B)the harm that it does to society&#10;C)its damage to the economy&#10;D)its being unjust

Accepted Answer

A nonconsequentialist ethical theory focuses on the inherent morality of actions rather than their outcomes. Discrimination is unjust because it violates the moral principle of treating people equally and with respect, regardless of characteristics such as race, gender, or religion. This argument does not rely on the detrimental consequences of discrimination like disadvantaging minorities, harming society, or damaging the economy.

Question 7

When a superior uses the power of the position to grant or deny employment benefits unless a subordinate employee agrees to sexual favors,this is considered .&#10;A)hostile working environment harassment&#10;B)reasonable person harassment&#10;C)quid pro quo harassment&#10;D)economic loss harassment

Accepted Answer

This situation describes quid pro quo harassment, where employment benefits are tied to sexual favors. Hostile working environment harassment involves a workplace environment where harassment creates an intimidating or offensive atmosphere. Reasonable person harassment and economic loss harassment are not recognized legal terms related to workplace harassment.

Question 8

Employers can be found guilty of discrimination .&#10;A)only if they intend to discriminate&#10;B)any time an employee feels discriminated against&#10;C)if the effects were just as though discrimination had occurred&#10;D)even if they have not transgressed a particular law

Accepted Answer

Employers can be found guilty of discrimination if their actions result in discriminatory effects, even if there was no intent to discriminate, under the disparate impact theory.

Question 9

On what basis might one argue that affirmative action hurts those it is designed to help?&#10;A)It ensures minorities,women,veterans,and the disabled are hired on a basis other than their qualifications.&#10;B)People can always find ways to get around affirmative action policies.&#10;C)Affirmative action programs could give minorities,women,veterans,and the disabled too many positions.&#10;D)It is unjust to those who are qualified but not minorities or those who belong to other protected groups such as women,veterans,and the disabled.

Accepted Answer

Affirmative action might be argued to hurt those it is designed to help by suggesting it leads to hiring based on criteria other than qualifications, potentially undermining the perceived competence of those hired.

Question 10

Sexual harassment can be a form of discrimination .&#10;A)when it involves prejudice&#10;B)only when it is a condition for employment&#10;C)any time sex is not a qualification&#10;D)when it involves a hostile work environment

Accepted Answer

Sexual harassment can be a form of discrimination when it creates a hostile work environment, which can negatively affect an employee's ability to perform their job. It can include unwanted sexual advances, comments or actions that create a hostile or intimidating work environment. It is not dependent on the qualification for a job or the condition for employment, but rather creates an unfair and discriminatory workplace environment.

Deck 7: Discrimination and Affirmative Action