Deck 8: Minerals and Water

Question 1

Which mineral is found in bleach as well as stomach acid (though in two different forms)?

A)chlorine
B)magnesium
C)phosphorus
D)zinc

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is not a function of zinc?

A)It is needed for wound healing.
B)It lowers blood pressure.
C)It reduces the risk of age- related macular degeneration.
D)It is important for healthy taste buds.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The two major electrolytes outside your cells and in your blood are

A)zinc and iron.
B)sulfur and magnesium.
C)sodium and chloride.
D)potassium and magnesium.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Jill is planning on running the Boston Marathon and wants to avoid hyponatremia. What is hyponatremia?

A)a condition of too little sodium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids
B)a condition of too much potassium in the blood due to overconsumption of fluids
C)a problem due to eating too much food during a race
D)a severe form of dehydration

Question 5

Which mineral helps in the synthesis of collagen and elastin in connective tissue and is also involved in synthesizing melanin in skin?

A)iodine
B)chromium
C)selenium
D)copper

Question 6

Hyperkalemia occurs when a person consumes supplements with too much

A)potassium.
B)zinc.
C)calcium.
D)sodium.

Question 7

Which of the following is a result of too much calcium in the blood?

A)hypokalemia
B)hypercalcemia
C)hemochromatosis
D)hyponatremia

Question 8

Which of the following is an antioxidant?

A)iron
B)calcium
C)selenium
D)chromium

Question 9

Your entire skeleton is replaced with new bone about every

A)5 years.
B)20 years.
C)other year.
D)10 years.

Question 10

Which two minerals combine to form hydroxyapatite?

A)sulfur and magnesium
B)zinc and iron
C)phosphorus and calcium
D)potassium and calcium

Question 11

Cretinism can occur in individuals deficient in iodine. Which of the following is a symptom of this condition?

A)mental retardation
B)dwarfism
C)abnormal sexual development
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 12

Which mineral's main role is to increase the effectiveness of insulin in cells?

A)chromium
B)iodine
C)zinc
D)fluoride

Question 13

The average healthy adult is approximately percent water.

A)40
B)50
C)60
D)70

Question 14

A deficiency of which mineral is the most common nutritional disorder in the world?

A)chromium
B)calcium
C)iron
D)selenium

Question 15

Which of the following is a result of too much iron in the body?

A)cretinism
B)hypertension
C)hypokalemia
D)hemochromatosis

Question 16

A goiter is a deficiency of which of the following?

A)iodine
B)manganese
C)phosphorous
D)chromium

Question 17

Which of the following can interfere with the absorption of iron?

A)vitamin C
B)protein from animal foods
C)oxalates
D)phytates

Question 18

Which of the following is a major component of hemoglobin?

A)sodium
B)selenium
C)iron
D)calcium

Question 19

Which mineral, when added to water supplies, is responsible for lowering the rate of dental caries in the United States?

A)selenium
B)calcium
C)fluoride
D)iodine

Question 20

Which of the following is correct regarding potassium?

A)Deficiency can occur due to vomiting or diarrhea.
B)High- protein, low- vegetable/fruit diets may cause potassium deficiency.
C)Low potassium can cause muscle weakness.
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 21

Which of the following statements is correct about water within the human body?

A)Water is used to regulate body temperature.
B)Water acts as a solvent within the body.
C)Water is a main component of the blood.
D)All these statements are correct.

Question 22

Which of the following is a result of too little sodium in the blood?

A)hypertension
B)hypokalemia
C)hyponatremia
D)hemochromatosis

Question 23

The acronym DASH in the DASH diet stands for

A)Discussions of Allowable Sodium in Hospitals.
B)Determine Amount of Sodium Helpful.
C)Dietary Advancements to Suppress Hyponatremia.
D)Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.

Question 24

A toxicity of which mineral damages the nervous system and causes symptoms that resemble Parkinson's disease?

A)sodium
B)manganese
C)chloride
D)selenium

Question 25

Which of the following improves insulin response?

A)sodium
B)chromium
C)calcium
D)iron

Question 26

Which of the following foods contain(s)nonheme iron?

A)turkey
B)beans
C)steak
D)fish

Question 27

In the body, about two- thirds of which mineral is found in hemoglobin?

A)zinc
B)iron
C)molybdenum
D)chromium

Question 28

Which mineral's absorption into the body is enhanced greatly by vitamin C?

A)manganese
B)nonheme iron
C)phosphorous
D)chromium

Question 29

Which of the following is a major electrolyte?

A)chromium
B)selenium
C)sodium
D)iron

Question 30

Which calcium supplement may contain lead and other toxic metals?

A)calcium citrate
B)calcium carbonate
C)oyster shell calcium
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 31

Peak bone mass typically occurs when a person is in his or her

A)twenties.
B)teens.
C)fifties.
D)thirties.

Question 32

Which mineral may play a role in lowering high blood pressure?

A)magnesium
B)calcium
C)potassium
D)All these answers are correct.

Question 33

Which of the following is a major mineral?

A)zinc
B)iron
C)fluoride
D)potassium

Question 34

Which of the following is a result of high blood pressure?

A)hemochromatosis
B)hypertension
C)hyponatremia
D)hypokalemia

Question 35

Which of the following is a result of too little potassium in the blood?

A)hypercalcemia
B)hypertension
C)hyponatremia
D)hypokalemia

Question 36

Which of the following is not correct regarding selenium/selenoproteins?

A)Selenium is necessary for the regulation of thyroid hormones.
B)Selenium plays an antioxidant role.
C)They are proven protection against colon cancer.
D)The amount of selenium in foods depends upon the soil where the plants were grown and animals grazed.

Question 37

Which of the following may not help reduce blood pressure?

A)drinking plenty of fluids
B)losing excess weight
C)following a high- protein diet
D)increasing sodium intake

Question 38

Which of the following is a major mineral of bone?

A)selenium
B)sodium
C)calcium
D)iron

Question 39

In the DASH- Sodium study, which amount of sodium was found to be the most effective as a daily limit?

A)2,500 milligrams
B)900 milligrams
C)1,500 milligrams
D)3,000 milligrams

Question 40

Which mineral is found in the amino acids methionine, cystine, and cysteine?

A)molybdenum
B)chromium
C)selenium
D)sulfur

Question 41

Most of the sodium in the typical American diet is from processed foods.

Question 42

Keshan disease typically only occurs in children who live in rural areas that have selenium- poor soil.

Question 43

The main function of iodine is to increase insulin's effectiveness in cells.

Question 44

Eating meat with vegetables will increase the absorption of the nonheme iron from the vegetables.

Question 45

If a person weighs less after an activity than before, the weight change is due to loss of body fat.

Question 46

The bottling and sale of naturally- obtained spring water is under the regulation of the FDA.

Question 47

A selenium deficiency can cause osteoporosis, which damages the heart.

Question 48

Overconsumption of fluids can cause hyponatremia, which can be fatal.

Question 49

The hormone that directs the kidneys to reduce water loss from the body by reducing urine output is the thyroid hormone.

Question 50

Selenium is part of a class of proteins called selenoproteins, which can function as antioxidants.

Question 51

Approximately 60 percent of your thyroid hormones are composed of chromium.

Question 52

A feeling of dehydration despite having consumed significant amounts of fluids may be an indicator of hyponatremia.

Question 53

The degree to which a nutrient from foods is available for absorption by the body is known as its biodegradability.

Question 54

An advantage of consuming tap water is that it contains adequate amounts of fluoride.

Question 55

The most abundant mineral in your body is manganese.

Question 56

Although osteoporosis is often thought of as a condition of the elderly, it has its roots in childhood.

Question 57

The movement of water across the cell membrane is called osmosis.

Question 58

The diagnosis of osteopenia indicates a lower bone density than a diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Question 59

Sulfur, phosphorus, and magnesium are all considered major minerals.

Question 60

Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that severely reduces iron absorption.

Question 61

Drinking orange juice with poultry will decrease the bioavailability of the iron in the poultry.

Question 62

Over- consumption of calcium is the root cause of the development of kidney stones.

Question 63

Women with a higher body weight are more susceptible to bone fractures than those with a lean or lower body weight.

Question 64

Fruits and vegetables are excellent sources of potassium.

Question 65

Some antibiotics, such as tetracycline, can inhibit the absorption of magnesium.

Question 66

Dehydration can occur if too much water and sodium are depleted from the body.

Question 67

The majority of sodium in most diets comes from processed foods.

Question 68

Although the majority of water intake is through food and beverages, a small amount of water is also generated during metabolism.

Question 69

It has been confirmed that zinc can reduce the severity and duration of the common cold.

Question 70

Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in your body, after calcium.

Question 71

Both magnesium and chromium may play a role in decreasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Question 72

The inorganic form of arsenic is poisonous for humans.

Question 73

Too much fluoride can cause fluorosis, which creates teeth that are extremely resistant to caries but appear mottled.

Question 74

Smokers absorb less calcium than nonsmokers.

Question 75

Excessive alcohol consumption can increase bone density because it promotes the formation of new bone by decreasing the loss of calcium and promoting the activation of vitamin D.

Question 76

A low- calcium diet may increase your risk of osteoporosis.

Question 77

Calcium supplements are warranted for all age groups because a normal diet will not provide adequate amounts.

Question 78

In general, hypertension is characterized by having a diastolic pressure above 120 and a systolic pressure above 80.

Question 79

When people drank water with high levels of manganese, they experienced symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease.

Question 80

Minerals that are important in fluid balance are called antidiuretics.