Deck 3: The Basics of Digestion

Question 1

Sodium bicarbonate is secreted by the and functions to .

A)pancreas; raise pH and neutralize acidic chyme
B)gallbladder; emulsify fat
C)stomach; activate enzymes that begin protein digestion
D)liver; regulate digestive activity and increase peristalsis

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following occurs in the esophagus?

A)bile manufacturing
B)passage of food to the stomach
C)fat emulsification
D)protein absorption

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Jaleesa has been diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). All of the following are correct about IBS except that

A)stress management is an important part of treatment.
B)about 20% of American adults experience IBS symptoms.
C)excessive fiber in the diet is suspected as a cause.
D)symptoms include alternating patterns of diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A)detoxifying alcohol
B)producing bile
C)producing insulin
D)storing glycogen

Question 5

The hormone that stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid is

A)bile.
B)gastrin.
C)pepsin.
D)bicarbonate.

Question 6

Which of the following occurs in the gallbladder?

A)HCl production
B)bile storage
C)passage of food to the stomach
D)production of most digestive enzymes

Question 7

Which of the following is not the method used to absorb digested nutrients after they reach the small intestine?

A)facilitated diffusion
B)endocytosis
C)passive diffusion
D)active transport

Question 8

The majority of digestion occurs in the

A)stomach.
B)small intestine.
C)large intestine.
D)mouth.

Question 9

Bile is released into the in response to the ingestion of fat.

A)GI tract
B)large intestine
C)small intestine
D)stomach

Question 10

Which of the following will not generally cause diarrhea?

A)stress
B)low fiber intake
C)some microorganisms
D)contaminated water

Question 11

Which is not true regarding saliva?

A)It allows us to comfortably swallow dry food.
B)We each produce 1 to 1.5 liters every day.
C)It provides the enzyme that begins protein digestion.
D)It helps dissolve small food particles.

Question 12

During digestion, the blood picks up nutrients through the GI tract and transports them to the

A)brain.
B)liver.
C)heart.
D)lungs.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the digestive process is not correct?

A)The small and large intestines contain villi for absorption.
B)Bacteria in the colon play a role in producing biotin and vitamin K.
C)The large intestine is where water is reabsorbed.
D)Chyme passes from the stomach to the small intestine.

Question 14

A condition that causes the lining of the small intestine to flatten out in response to gluten ingestion is called

A)irritable bowel syndrome.
B)GERD.
C)gallstones.
D)celiac disease.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a role of the lymphatic system?

A)maintains the internal fluid environment
B)transports digested fat from the GI tract to your blood
C)transports water- soluble vitamins from the GI tract to your blood
D)aids your immune system

Question 16

Which of the following is not a function of cholecystokinin?

A)stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid
B)stimulates the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes
C)slows down gastric motility
D)contributes to meal satisfaction

Question 17

Which of the following occurs in the stomach?

A)production of most most digestive enzymes
B)HCl production
C)bile storage
D)bile manufacturing

Question 18

Which of the following is the sloshing motion that thoroughly mixes chyme with the chemical secretions of the intestine?

A)segmentation
B)peristalsis
C)absorption
D)pendular movement

Question 19

Which of the following enzymes is mismatched?

A)amylase; carbohydrate
B)trypsin; starch
C)chymotrypsin; protein
D)lipase; fat

Question 20

The produces bile and the stores it.

A)liver; gallbladder
B)pancreas; bladder
C)gallbladder; pancreas
D)gallbladder; liver

Question 21

Which of the following does not occur in the colon?

A)absorption of electrolytes
B)production of some vitamins
C)absorption of the majority of nutrients
D)absorption of water

Question 22

Bile

A)stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
B)neutralizes HCl in chime.
C)digests protein.
D)emulsifies fat.
E)signals the brain to eat.

Question 23

Which of the following would most likely not be a part of feces?

A)sucrose
B)fiber
C)sloughed- off gastrointestinal cells
D)bacteria

Question 24

Which of the following is not involved in mechanical digestion?

A)peristaltic movement of food
B)enzymes
C)chewing
D)grinding

Question 25

Which of the following body systems eliminates waste from the circulatory system?

A)lymphatic system
B)excretory system
C)nervous system
D)digestive system

Question 26

Which of the following correctly sequences the segments of the small intestine?

A)ileum; colon; jejunum
B)duodenum; jejunum; ileum
C)jejunum; ileum; duodenum
D)ileum; esophagus; colon

Question 27

Trevor was recently diagnosed with celiac disease. Which of the following should he avoid?

A)pasta
B)eggs
C)broccoli
D)milk

Question 28

Which of the following occurs in the pancreas?

A)passes food to the stomach
B)bile storage
C)HCl production
D)bile manufacturing

Question 29

Hydrochloric acid has all the following digestive functions except

A)activation of the enzyme pepsin.
B)destruction of some ingested microorganisms.
C)neutralization of stomach acid.
D)breakdown of connective tissue in meat.

Question 30

The hormone ghrelin signals the brain to

A)release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
B)increase peristalsis.
C)eat.
D)sweat.

Question 31

The enzymes from the are responsible for the digestion of almost all the fat, half the protein, and half the carbohydrate you eat.

A)pancreas
B)liver
C)stomach
D)gallbladder

Question 32

Marcos has chronic heartburn and asks his nutrition teacher for advice. All of the following would be helpful to Marcos except

A)drinking milk with meals.
B)avoiding lying down after meals.
C)eating smaller meals.
D)avoiding alcohol.

Question 33

Which of the following is not correct about the small intestine?

A)It contains villi.
B)It secretes digestive enzymes.
C)It absorbs water.
D)It absorbs most nutrients.

Question 34

All of the following enzymes digest protein except

A)carboxypeptidase.
B)chymotrypsin.
C)trypsin.
D)amylase.

Question 35

Shock- wave therapy may be useful in treating which disorder?

A)diarrhea
B)colon cancer
C)irritable bowel syndrome
D)gallstones

Question 36

Which of the following secretions raises pH and neutralizes stomach acid?

A)bile
B)saliva
C)HCl
D)bicarbonate

Question 37

All of the following aid in digestion except

A)eating and drinking quickly.
B)thoroughly chewing food.
C)setting aside time to eat.
D)getting plenty of fiber at fluid.

Question 38

Kim is constipated and asks for advice from her physician. Which of the following would not be appropriate advice to relieve constipation?

A)use a stool softener
B)drink less fluids
C)eat more fiber
D)exercise more

Question 39

Which of the following foods leaves the stomach first?

A)fats
B)carbohydrates
C)fiber
D)protein

Question 40

The sphincter between the stomach and the small intestine is the

A)ileocecal sphincter.
B)pyloric sphincter.
C)upper sphincter.
D)lower esophageal sphincter.

Question 41

Cholecystokinin is secreted by intestinal cells to stimulate the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes.

Question 42

The nervous system's role in nutrition is to signal when you need to eat and drink and when to stop.

Question 43

If you eat slowly, you may find you belch less frequently.

Question 44

Under normal conditions you digest and absorb 80 to 87 percent of the nutrients from your food.

Question 45

The constrictive wave that involves both forward and reverse movements of chyme is referred to as peristalsis.

Question 46

The stool is stored in the final part of the large intestine, called the rectum.

Question 47

The pharynx prevents the food from passing into the trachea.

Question 48

The band of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach is the lower esophageal sphincter.

Question 49

Blood removes excess water and waste products from the cells and brings these substances to the liver for excretion.

Question 50

The secretion that raises pH and neutralizes stomach acid in chyme as it leaves the stomach is bile.

Question 51

Bile is released into the GI tract through the duodenum.

Question 52

Insulin is the enzyme that breaks down complex carbohydrates into glucose.

Question 53

Gallstones are small, hard, crystalline structures that form in the gallbladder when bile is abnormally thin.

Question 54

The stomach produces mucus which acts as a barrier to protect the stomach lining from irritation or damage from hydrochloric acid.

Question 55

Which of the following occurs in the liver?

A)bile storage
B)production of most digestive enzymes
C)HCl production
D)bile manufacturing

Question 56

Cholecystokinin

A)emulsifies fat.
B)stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
C)neutralizes HCl in chime.
D)digests protein.
E)signals the brain to eat.

Question 57

Bile is made in the pancreas and stored in the gallbladder.

Question 58

The only function of the microvilli is to secrete digestive enzymes into the lumen of the small intestine.

Question 59

The sphincter between the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine is the ileocecal sphincter.

Question 60

Chemical digestion involves chewing and grinding food.

Question 61

Pepsin and gastrin are produced in the stomach.

Question 62

The enzyme lipase digests fat.

Question 63

Digestion converts whole foods into individual nutrients that can be used by the body's cells.

Question 64

The pancreas is connected to the duodenum via the bile duct.

Question 65

The sphincter in the bottom of the stomach is the ilocecal sphincter.

Question 66

The ileocecal sphincter prevents backflow of fecal contents from the large intestine into the small intestine.

Question 67

When you are hungry, the hormone ghrelin signals your brain to eat.

Question 68

The hormone gastrin is made in the stomach and stimulates the secretion of HCl.

Question 69

Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products are carried throughout the body by lymph.

Question 70

The cells lining the gastrointestinal tract function for about 120 days and are then sloughed off as they are replaced with new cells.

Question 71

The over- the- counter weight- loss aid Alli (orlistat)prevents lipase from breaking down dietary fat in the small intestines.

Question 72

Pendular movement, segmentation, and peristalsis move the chyme through the small intestine.

Question 73

Probiotics are live microorganisms, usually bacteria, mainly found in poultry.

Question 74

Celiac disease is an illness of the stomach that involves the inability to digest the protein gluten.

Question 75

Heartburn may result if the pyloric sphincter allows food to flow back into the esophagus from the stomach.

Question 76

Fat- soluble vitamins and fat from the intestinal tract travel in blood.

Question 77

Approximately one cup of chyme is released into the small intestine every 30 seconds.

Question 78

Bicarbonate functions as an emulsifier in the duodenum.

Question 79

It generally takes about 1 week for intestinal matter to pass through the colon.

Question 80

Excess water- soluble vitamins are stored in the liver.