Deck 1: Criminal Justice: Introduction and Overviewcriminal Justice: the Origins of a Young Disciplinecreating a Criminal Justice

Question 1

The author of The Limits of the Criminal Sanction was _____________.

A) Samuel Walker
B) President Bill Clinton
C) Herbert Packer
D) Freda Adler

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In the case of __________ the Supreme Court mandated that every criminal defendant charged with a felony is entitled to the assistance of counsel.

A) Brown v. Mississippi
B) U.S. v. Weeks
C) Goto v. Mayumi
D) Mapp v. Ohio
E) Gideon v. Wainwright

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following models requires strict adherence to the constitution?

A) the due process model
B) the constitutional model
C) the crime control model
D) all of the choices require strict adherence to the constitution

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The exclusionary rule was created by ___________________.

A) the Federal Congress
B) the state legislatures
C) the President
D) the judiciary

Question 5

The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice was established by _________________.

A) President George W. Bush
B) President Bill Clinton
C) President Richard Nixon
D) President Lyndon Johnson

Question 6

In The Limits of the Criminal Sanction the author presents ___________.

A) a constitutional model of the Criminal Justice System
B) the due process model and the crime control model of the Criminal Justice System
C) the proper penalties for each of the major crimes
D) an argument for the legalization of drugs

Question 7

Who depicted the criminal justice process in the shape of a wedding cake?

A) Samuel Walker
B) Frank Schmalleger
C) Jennifer Rossi
D) Chief Justice William Rehnquist

Question 8

The Wickersham Commission occurred in __________________.

A) 1929
B) 1941
C) 1966
D) 1977

Question 9

If an officer has ______________ that a person might be engaged in the commission of a crime, the officer is authorized to stop the person, ask questions, and frisk him or her to see if they are dangerous.

A) mens rea
B) actus reus
C) reasonable suspicion
D) habeaus corpus

Question 10

The Supreme Court has ruled that the police have _____________ to take a suspect into custody when "the fact and circumstances within their knowledge and of which they [have] reasonable trustworthy information [are] sufficient to warrant a prudent man in believing that the [suspect] has committed or was committing an offence."

A) probable cause
B) reasonable suspicion
C) a preponderance of the evidence
D) proof beyond a reasonable doubt

Question 11

Which of the following are part of the eight goals for the ideal criminal justice system according to LaFave and Israel?

A) establishing an adversarial system of adjudication
B) establishing an accusatorial system of prosecution
C) minimizing erroneous convictions
D) minimizing the burdens of accusation and litigation
E) all of the choices are correct

Question 12

The practice of finding inadmissible evidence that is illegally obtained is called the ______________.

A) probable cause
B) exclusionary rule
C) the warrant requirement
D) justice rule

Question 13

Which of the following models resembles an assembly line?

A) the due process model
B) the constitutional model
C) the crime control model
D) all of the choices resemble an assembly line

Question 14

In the case of ____________ the Supreme Court ruled that arrestees have the right to be informed of their "right to remain silent".

A) Brown v. Mississippi
B) U.S. v. Weeks
C) Goto v. Mayumi
D) Mapp v. Ohio
E) Miranda v. Arizona

Question 15

The emerging evidence-based movement in the social sciences calls for systematic reviews of criminal justice policies and programs that look for solid empirical support for

A) what works
B) what doesn't work
C) what looks promising
D) none of these
E) all of these

Question 16

Which of the following models is known as an obstacle course?

A) the due process model
B) the constitutional model
C) the crime control model
D) all of the choices are known as an obstacle course

Question 17

In the 1960's the U.S. Supreme Court addressed many issues of rights for minorities and women under the leadership of ________________.

A) President Richard Nixon
B) Chief Justice Earl Warren
C) Chief Justice Warren Burger
D) Chief Justice William Rehnquist

Question 18

According to your text, the sum total of society's activities to defend itself against the actions it defines as criminal is called ______________.

A) criminology
B) police science
C) culture
D) criminal justice

Question 19

Which of the following models focuses on the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice process?

A) the due process model
B) the constitutional model
C) the crime control model
D) all of the choices require strict adherence to the constitution

Question 20

Approximately, _______ of all crimes known to the police come from victim initiatives.

A) 35%
B) 55%
C) 75%
D) 95%

Question 21

The term parens patriae means ________________.

A) in place of the parent
B) parent of the country
C) the offending parent
D) the caring parent

Question 22

In the case of ____________ the Supreme Court ruled that arrestees have the right to be informed of their "right to remain silent."

Question 23

The term in loco parentis means ________________.

A) in place of the parent
B) parent of the county
C) the offending parent
D) the caring parent

Question 24

According to your text, the sum total of society's activities to defend itself against the actions it defines as criminal is called ______________.

Question 25

The supervised conditional release of a convicted prisoner before expiration of the sentence of imprisonment is called _____________.

A) parole
B) probation
C) conviction
D) a pardon

Question 26

Ultimately, the decision to charge the defendant with a crime rests with the _______.

A) judge
B) defense attorney
C) victim
D) prosecutor

Question 27

According to your text, the greatest of English legal scholars was ______________.

Question 28

An accusation against a criminal defendant rendered by a grand jury on the basis of evidence is called ____________.

A) an information
B) an indictment
C) a conviction
D) an acquittal

Question 29

A panel of sixteen to twenty-three citizens who screen the prosecutor's evidence, in secret hearings, to decide whether someone should be formally charged with a crime is called ______.

A) petit jury
B) grand jury
C) preliminary hearing
D) arraignment

Question 30

A ________ case exists when there seems to be sufficient evidence to convict the defendant.

A) prima facie
B) actus reus
C) acquittal
D) grand jury

Question 31

In the 1960's the U.S. Supreme Court addressed many issues of rights for minorities and women under the leadership of ________________.

Question 32

Which case awarded juveniles constitutional rights that are similar to the ones that adults have.

A) Mapp v. Ohio
B) Gideon v. Wainwright
C) In re Gault
D) Chicago v. Morales

Question 33

The preview of a trial held in court before a judge, in which the prosecution must produce sufficient evidence for the case to proceed to trial is called a ____________.

A) trial test
B) adjudicatory hearing
C) preliminary hearing
D) indictment

Question 34

In the case of __________ the Supreme Court mandated that every criminal defendant charged with a felony is entitled to the assistance of counsel.

Question 35

Criminal activities extending into, and violating the laws of several countries are called __________.

A) transnational crimes
B) border crimes
C) border crossing crimes
D) Interpol crimes

Question 36

_____________ is an alternative to imprisonment, allowing a person found guilty of an offense to stay in the community, under conditions and with supervision.

A) parole
B) probation
C) conviction
D) a concurrent sentence

Question 37

______________ of criminal acts have been called the "most influential" of all the decision makers of the entire criminal justice system.

Question 38

An accusation against a criminal defendant prepared by a prosecuting attorney to be presented at a preliminary hearing is called ___________.

A) an information
B) an indictment
C) a conviction
D) an acquittal

Question 39

The rate of people being diverted out of the criminal process is called __________.

A) acquittals
B) parole
C) sentencing guidelines
D) attrition rate

Question 40

The first American juvenile court was established in 1899 in _____________.

A) Philadelphia
B) Boston
C) Chicago
D) New York

Question 41

The Supreme Court has ruled that the police have _____________ to take a suspect into custody when "the fact and circumstances within their knowledge and of which they [have] reasonable trustworthy information [are] sufficient to warrant a prudent man in believing that the [suspect] has committed or was committing an offence.

Question 42

Ultimately, the decision to charge the defendant with a crime rest with the _______.

Question 43

The model of criminal justice that is known as an obstacle course is called the ______.

Question 44

The case of In re Gault awarded juveniles constitutional rights that are similar to the ones that adults have.

Question 45

An accusation against a criminal defendant rendered by a grand jury on the basis of evidence is called ____________.

Question 46

Throughout this country's history, the shibboleth of "national security" has often been used as a pretext for massive violations of individual rights.

Question 47

The model of criminal justice presented by Herbert Packer that requires a strict adherence to the constitution is called the ____________

Question 48

The preview of a trial held in court before a judge, in which the prosecution must produce sufficient evidence for the case to proceed to trial is called a ____________.

Question 49

A panel of sixteen to twenty-three citizens who screen the prosecutor's evidence, in secret hearings, to decide whether someone should be formally charged with a crime is called ______.

Question 50

The model of criminal justice that focuses on the efficiency and effectiveness of the criminal justice process is called the __________________.

Question 51

The author of The Limits of the Criminal Sanction was _____________.

Question 52

The model of criminal justice that is known as an assembly line is called _______.

Question 53

The supervised conditional release of a convicted prisoner before expiration of the sentence of imprisonment is called parole.

Question 54

The term parens patriae means the parent of the child.

Question 55

A ________ case exists when there seems to be sufficient evidence to convict the defendant.

Question 56

The first American juvenile court was in New York City in 1899.

Question 57

The President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice was established by President _________________.

Question 58

The term in loco parentis means "the crazy parents".

Question 59

If an officer has ______________ that a person might be engaged in the commission of a crime, the officer is authorized to stop the person, ask questions, and frisk him or her to see if they are dangerous.

Question 60

The practice of finding inadmissible evidence that is illegally obtained is called the ______________.

Question 61

An accusation against a criminal defendant rendered by a grand jury on the basis of evidence is called an indictment.

Question 62

An accusation against a criminal defendant prepared by a prosecuting attorney to be presented at a preliminary hearing is called an indictment ___________.

Question 63

A panel of sixteen to twenty-three citizens who screen the prosecutor's evidence, in secret hearings, to decide whether someone should be formally charged with a crime is called a preliminary hearing.

Question 64

A prima facie case exists when there seems to be sufficient evidence to convict the defendant.