Deck 17: Endocrine System

Question 1

Which term containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to a condition of a forward projecting jaw?

A)Hypermandibular
B)Mandibulary
C)Prognathism
D)Submaxillary
E)inframandibular

Answer 1

Prognathism

Question 2

The suffix -oma means

A)disease
B)benign
C)malignant
D)tumor
E)condition

Answer 2

tumor

Question 3

The term pineal refers to a (n)

A)organ
B)cell
C)tissue
D)gland
E)system

Answer 3

gland

Question 4

An underproduction of growth hormone from birth leads to a condition known as

A)pygmyism
B)gigantism
C)pituitary dwarfism
D)pineal midget
E)acromegaly

Question 5

Which of the following terms has a prefix meaning below?

A)Hypophysis
B)Epinephrine
C)Hyperplasia
D)Acromegaly
E)Suprarenal

Question 6

The term endocrine refers to a gland that

A)releases digestive enzymes
B)produces sweat
C)produces an external secretion
D)produces an internal secretion
E)regulates heart rhythm

Question 7

A synonym for growth hormone is

A)prolactin
B)thyrotropin
C)corticotropin
D)somatotropin
E)neurotoxin

Question 8

Which of the following terms containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to a pituitary hormone that stimulates the uterus to contract?

A)Prostaglandin
B)Melatonin
C)Leptin
D)Insulin
E)Oxytocin

Question 9

Which of the following is a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous systems?

A)Serotonin
B)Thyroxine
C)Calcitonin
D)Pepsinogen
E)Catecholamine

Question 10

Which of the following terms means a chemical formed in one tissue or organ to stimulate or inhibit a function of another tissue or organ?

A)Hormone
B)Enzyme
C)Protein
D)Isotope
E)Modulator

Question 11

An enlargement of the head, face, hands, and feet in an adult as a result of excess growth hormone is called

A)prognathism
B)hypopituitarism
C)insipidus
D)acromegaly
E)dwarfism

Question 12

Endocrine glands that occur in pairs, rather than singly, are the

A)pituitary and pineal
B)thyroid and thymus
C)adrenal and gonad
D)thymus and pancreas
E)kidney and pancreas

Question 13

The adrenal gland is located ________ the kidney.

A)inferior to
B)on top of
C)embedded in
D)posterior to
E)distal to

Question 14

Which of the following terms that refers to a synonym for the pituitary gland is spelled correctly?

A)Hyperphyses
B)Hypoffesis
C)Hypophysis
D)Hipopysis
E)Hipyphisis

Question 15

The pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone is

A)corticotropin
B)cortisol
C)thyrotropin
D)vasopressin
E)corticosteroid

Question 16

The type of depression that occurs at the same time every year, often in winter, is abbreviated as

A)MADD
B)SAD
C)STD
D)SOB
E)SADD

Question 17

Of the following terms, which one has a prefix meaning all?

A)Prolactinoma
B)Panhypopituitarism
C)Bilateral
D)Suprarenal
E)Acromegaly

Question 18

Overproduction of growth hormone stimulates excessive growth of bones and muscles.It is almost always caused by a benign pituitary adenoma.Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?

A)The hypophysis is not involved.
B)It is usually malignant.
C)The integumentary system is involved.
D)Dwarfism could be a result.
E)The musculoskeletal system is involved.

Question 19

Which of the following terms refers to an agent that decreases urine production?

A)Antidiuretic
B)Serotonin
C)Oxytocin
D)Melatonin
E)Prostaglandin

Question 20

Which of the following terms refers to a pituitary hormone that stimulates production of milk?

A)Oxytocin
B)Thyroxine
C)Prostaglandin
D)Progestin
E)Prolactin

Question 21

An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called

A)a goiter
B)an adenoma
C)a thymoma
D)thyromegaly
E)thyrotrophy

Question 22

A synonym for thyroid cartilage is the

A)Adam's apple
B)pharynx
C)trachea
D)thymus
E)xiphoid process

Question 23

Which chemical element is required by the thyroid gland to function properly?

A)Carbon
B)Iodine
C)Iron
D)Nitrogen
E)Calcium

Question 24

A type of hyperthyroidism caused by an autoimmune disorder in which an antibody stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and secrete excessive quantities of thyroid hormones into the blood is called

A)cretinism
B)DiGeorge syndrome
C)Hashimoto disease
D)Graves disease
E)myxedema

Question 25

The abbreviation for a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland is

A)ACTH
B)PTH
C)HRT
D)TSH
E)TURP

Question 26

Of the following terms, which one has a prefix meaning highest point or extremity?

A)Diabetes
B)Insipidus
C)Acromegaly
D)Stereotactic
E)Isotope

Question 27

The abbreviation for a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands is

A)PT
B)PTT
C)PTH
D)PST
E)PSA

Question 28

A patient has normal thyroid gland function.Which of the following terms would be used in the patient's medical record to describe the patient's thyroid gland?

A)Euthyroid
B)Hypothyroid
C)Hyperthyroid
D)Dysthyroid
E)Panthyroid

Question 29

Which of the following terms has a word element meaning recording?

A)Adjuvant
B)Mineralocorticoid
C)Ultrasonography
D)Endoscopic
E)Immunoassay

Question 30

A condition of abnormal height and size of the entire body is referred to as

A)gigantism
B)goiter
C)hirsutism
D)virilism
E)acromegaly

Question 31

Read this selection: Calcitonin stimulates osteoblastic activity to promote calcium deposition and bone formation.It is secreted in response to hypercalcemia.Which of the following statements best describes the function of this hormone?

A)Secretion is increased when the blood calcium is decreased.
B)Secretion is increased when the blood calcium is increased.
C)Osteoclasts and osteoblasts are equally stimulated by calcitonin.
D)High levels could cause osteoporosis.
E)The major target tissue is in the thyroid gland.

Question 32

The two thyroid hormones produced by the small follicles lined with epithelial cells in the thyroid gland are

A)calcitonin and T3
B)calcitonin and CT
C)thyroxine and T4
D)thyroid-stimulating hormone and calcitonin
E)T3 and T4

Question 33

The term hypercalcemia means

A)a condition of increased intake of high-calorie foods
B)a condition of normal levels of calcium in the body
C)pertaining to excessive calcium in the urine
D)a blood condition of excessive calcium
E)pertaining to decreased calcium in the bones and teeth

Question 34

Choose the correct spelling for the medical term that means protrusion of the eyeball.

A)Exopthalmus
B)Exophthalmos
C)Esopthulmus
D)Eexopthalamos
E)Esopthalamus

Question 35

The surgical removal of the thyroid gland is called a

A)thyrotoxicosis
B)thyroidotomy
C)thyroidostomy
D)thyroidectomy
E)thyroidoscopy

Question 36

Which of the following medical terms, meaning abnormal thinness, is spelled correctly?

A)Emasiation
B)Emmatiation
C)Emaciashun
D)Emmasiation
E)Emaciation

Question 37

Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used to treat which of the following conditions?

A)Hypothyroidism
B)Graves disease
C)Hyperthyroidism
D)Hyperparathyroidism
E)Hypogonadism

Question 38

Which of the following terms has a prefix meaning three?

A)Monoglyceride
B)Bilateral
C)Triiodothyronine
D)Polysaccharide
E)Thyroxine

Question 39

The term ________ means standard or rule for judging, and its plural form is ________.

A)critic; critices
B)critical; criticalities
C)criteria; criterias
D)criterion; criteria
E)cryptogram; cryptograms

Question 40

Read this selection: Whatever the causes of hyperthyroidism, the symptoms are those of increased body metabolism.These include tachycardia, hypertension, sweating, shakiness, anxiety, weight loss despite increased appetite, and diarrhea.Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?

A)Anorexia is present.
B)The BMR is decreased.
C)The pulse rate and blood pressure are increased.
D)Thyroid hormones are decreased.
E)BMs are infrequent and hard.

Question 41

A synonym for the medical term adrenaline is

A)catecholamine
B)cortisol
C)norepinephrine
D)aldosterone
E)epinephrine

Question 42

Which of the following terms containing a prefix, root, and suffix refers to an opposing structure, agent, or process?

A)Antagonist
B)Protagonist
C)Agonist
D)Contralateral
E)Adjuvant

Question 43

Read this selection: Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that overproduces the catecholamines, epinephrine and norepinephrine.A patient with this tumor has hypertension that is difficult to control, severe headaches, tachycardia, palpitations, and feelings of impending death.Which of the following statements best describes a patient with this condition?

A)Adrenaline production is not changed.
B)The low blood pressure is easily treated.
C)The heart is one organ that is not affected.
D)The high blood pressure is accompanied by increased pulse rate.
E)There is little reason for discomfort or anxiety.

Question 44

The removal of a part or the whole of an adrenal gland is called a (n)

A)adenectomy
B)adrenalectomy
C)adrenalotomy
D)adenotomy
E)adrenalostomy

Question 45

The medical term that means excessive body and facial hair is

A)alopecia
B)facies
C)virilism
D)gynecomastia
E)hirsutism

Question 46

In the medical term pheochromocytoma, what is the meaning of the prefix?

A)Color
B)Tumor
C)Gray
D)Organic compound
E)Origin

Question 47

There are usually ________ parathyroid glands embedded in the ________.

A)2; thymus
B)4; thyroid gland
C)4; adrenal glands
D)6; pancreas
E)6; thyroid gland

Question 48

Of the following terms, which one has a suffix meaning to break down?

A)Pancreatitis
B)Somatostatin
C)Diabetic
D)Glycogenolysis
E)Gluconeogenesis

Question 49

The first organ affected by hypoglycemia is the

A)stomach
B)gallbladder
C)liver
D)brain
E)kidney

Question 50

A synonym for the term healing is

A)symptomatic
B)diagnostic
C)etiology
D)curative
E)adjuvant

Question 51

Of the following terms, which one has a suffix that means tumor?

A)Oncology
B)Malignant
C)Catecholamine
D)Aldosteronoma
E)Aldosterone

Question 52

A medicine that is labeled PO should be given

A)by mouth
B)intravenously
C)intramuscularly
D)pre-operatively
E)post-operatively

Question 53

Cretinism results from ________ hypothyroidism.

A)antibody-induced
B)chronic, mild
C)subacute, drug-induced
D)acute, acquired
E)severe, congenital

Question 54

The most effective treatment for hyperparathyroidism is the

A)administration of thyroid hormone
B)administration of iodine
C)surgical removal of the gland
D)implantation of radioactive isotope pellets
E)administration of diuretics

Question 55

Which of the following terms, meaning development of masculine characteristics by a female, is spelled correctly?

A)Virilism
B)Virrilism
C)Virallism
D)Viralism
E)Virillisum

Question 56

The disease caused by adrenal gland insufficiency, specifically a decreased production of adrenocortical steroids is called ________ disease.

Question 57

Which of the following terms has a word element that means new?

A)Gluconeogenesis
B)Glucagon
C)Insulin
D)Somatostatin
E)Glycogenolysis

Question 58

Read this selection: Hypersecretion of aldosterone leads to sodium retention and potassium loss with increased blood volume, hypertension, excessive thirst, and excessive urination.A benign adenoma is the most common cause and can be removed by laparoscopic adrenalectomy.Which of the following statements best describes this condition?

A)Surgery is seldom necessary.
B)There is hypervolemia and low blood pressure.
C)Polyuria is a complication.
D)A malignancy is a common cause.
E)The etiology is usually unknown.

Question 59

The condition resulting from hypersecretion of cortisol, and manifested by a "moon" facies, obesity of the trunk, osteoporosis, muscle wasting and weakness, and reduced resistance to infections is called

A)Addison disease
B)Cushing syndrome
C)Conn syndrome
D)Hashimoto disease
E)myxedema

Question 60

A benign tumor of the thymus is called a

A)thymocyte
B)thymoma
C)goiter
D)thymusoma
E)thymocarcinoma

Question 61

The type of diabetes mellitus caused by the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing cells and found predominantly in people under the age of 30 is known as

A)Type 1 diabetes
B)Type 2 diabetes
C)Gestational diabetes
D)Mature-onset diabetes of youth
E)NIDDM

Question 62

Polydipsia and polyuria both contain a word element meaning

A)eating
B)drinking
C)a urinary condition
D)many or much
E)above normal

Question 63

A condition of severe hypothyroidism seen in an adult is called

A)Hashimoto disease
B)myxedema
C)Graves disease
D)thyroid storm
E)cretinism

Question 64

The term thyrotoxicosis means

A)an inflammation of the thyroid gland due to a poison
B)a disorder caused by excessive thyroid hormone production
C)an inflammation of the inner lining of the thyroid gland
D)an opening made into the thyroid gland to drain poison
E)an inflammation of the thyroid gland causing blood poisoning

Question 65

Diabetes which occurs during pregnancy is called ________ diabetes.

Question 66

The action of FSH is to

A)stimulate the mammary glands after pregnancy to produce milk
B)stimulate cells to enlarge and divide, particularly in childhood and adolescence
C)stimulate ovulation and the formation of a corpus luteum in the ovary
D)stimulate the development of eggs by the ovaries and sperm production in the testes
E)stimulate the kidneys to reduce the volume of urine that is produced

Question 67

The normal value for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA₁c)is ________.

A)less than 6%
B)9% to 12%
C)13% to 16%
D)17% to 20%
E)20% to 25%

Question 68

The term used to describe a disease attacking a person who already has another disease is

A)concurrent
B)opportunistic
C)intercurrent
D)exacerbation
E)virilistic

Question 69

DHEA is a precursor for which of the following hormones?

A)Estrogen
B)Testosterone
C)Epinephrine
D)Norepinephrine
E)Aldosterone

Question 70

The medical term polyuria means excessive

A)use of medication
B)sleepiness
C)loss of sugar in the urine
D)retention of urine
E)production of urine

Question 71

A type of diabetes mellitus that is genetically inherited and occurs in thin individuals who are in their teens and twenties is abbreviated as

A)IDDM
B)MODY
C)DM
D)NIDDM
E)JDM

Question 72

A pituitary hormone that constricts blood vessels and decreases urine output is called

A)thyroxine
B)prolactin
C)vasopressin
D)oxytocin
E)hypophysis

Question 73

The suffix which means stimulation is

A)-tropin
B)-steroid
C)-physis
D)-ine
E)-pressin

Question 74

The medical term that means a condition of excessive thirst is

A)hyperglycemic
B)polyphagia
C)polydipsia
D)polycythemia
E)hyperdipsia

Question 75

A patient has a nodule on the thyroid gland.To determine whether the nodule is benign or malignant, which of the following tests would be best to perform?

A)Isotopic thyroid scan
B)Ultrasonography
C)TSH blood levels
D)Fine needle aspiration biopsy
E)Antithyroid antibodies

Question 76

A patient with a malignant lesion on the thyroid gland would likely receive which classification of medication?

A)Antithyroids
B)Radioactive iodine
C)Thyroid replacements
D)Chemotherapy
E)Pituitary hormone blockers

Question 77

The medication metformin has a synergistic effect when used in combination with sulfonylureas.The nurse understand that metformin

A)inhibits the action of sulfonylureas
B)aids the action of sulfonylureas
C)decreases the effectiveness of sulfonylureas
D)is toxic when used with sulfonylureas
E)must be used with sulfonylureas to be effective

Question 78

The name of the condition that results from very low levels of parathyroid hormone causing painful muscle spasms is ________.

Question 79

The hormone produced by the alpha cells in the pancreas that raises the blood sugar level is ________.

Question 80

An underdeveloped or congenital absence of the thymus gland is called

A)Hashimoto disease
B)DiGeorge syndrome
C)Conn syndrome
D)hypothymoma
E)Addison disease