Deck 12: Sampling Designs and Sampling Procedures

Question 1

Sampling involves using a small number of people in the target market to make conclusions about the entire target market population.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Trickle-down sampling involves using probability methods for an initial selection of respondents and then obtaining additional respondents through information provided by the initial respondents.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Larger samples allow conclusions to be drawn with more confidence that they truly represent the population.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A convenience sample is a type of probability sample.

Question 5

An individual member of a population is a sample.

Question 6

When a nonprobability sample is used, there are no appropriate statistical techniques for measurement of random sampling error.

Question 7

The first stage in the selection of a sample is to determine the sampling frame.

Question 8

The individual element in a final cluster sample is called the primary sampling unit (PSU).

Question 9

Systematic sampling can, under certain conditions, yield a random sample.

Question 10

A census is any complete group whose members share some common set of characteristics.

Question 11

The last stage in the selection of a sample is to conduct fieldwork.

Question 12

Simple random sampling ensures that each element in the population will have an equal chance of being included in the sample.

Question 13

Marketing research projects almost always have budget and time constraints.

Question 14

As used in sampling theory, the term random refers to the distribution of sample data.

Question 15

If individuals do not opt in to receive e-mail from a particular organization, they may consider unsolicited survey requests to be spam.

Question 16

Judgment sampling is a nonprobability sampling technique in which an experienced individual selects the sample based on his or her judgment about some appropriate characteristics required of the sample member.

Question 17

Sampling frames are consistently available around the world.

Question 18

As sample size decreases, random sampling error decreases.

Question 19

List brokers rent lists of names, addresses, phone numbers, and e-mail addresses of specific populations.

Question 20

A sampling frame is also called a "working population."

Question 21

Janet was receiving emails from a company where she occasionally shops online.She went to the website and completed a request that they not send her anymore promotional emails.What did Janet do?

A) opted out
B) opted in
C) randomized herself
D) met a quota

Question 22

As sample size ____, random sampling error ____.

A) increases; increases
B) decreases; decreases
C) increases; decreases
D) increase; remains unchanged

Question 23

One advantage of a convenience sample is that there is no need for a population list.

Question 24

In which type of sampling does every element in the population have a known, nonzero probability of selection?

A) absolute sampling
B) relative sampling
C) nonprobability sampling
D) probability sampling

Question 25

Multistage area sampling uses cluster sampling in combination with other random sampling procedures.

Question 26

____________ involves using some process for selecting a few initial respondents and then uses those respondents to seek out additional respondents.

A) judgment sampling
B) systematic sampling
C) snowball sampling
D) convenience sampling

Question 27

Many Internet surveys use volunteer respondents who happen to visit an organization's website intentionally or by happenstance.These unrestricted samples are random samples.

Question 28

Which type of sampling error is primarily due to the nature of a study's design and the correctness of study execution?

A) random sampling error
B) systematic sampling error
C) primary sampling error
D) secondary sampling error

Question 29

A single element or group of elements that is eligible for selection via the sampling process is called a ____.

A) sampling panel
B) sampling unit
C) sampling error
D) sampling quota

Question 30

Which type of error occurs when potential respondents are improperly excluded before the sample is taken?

A) Type I error
B) sampling frame error
C) statistical error
D) list error

Question 31

A telephone directory that lists the people in the phone book by their phone numbers instead of by their last name is a type of ____.

A) snowball directory
B) inverse directory
C) reverse directory
D) sampling frame directory

Question 32

The most popular type of cluster sample is the area sample.

Question 33

Questions about crucial population characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT for

A) Is a list available that matches our population?
B) Is the a population our competitors uses?
C) Who are we not interested in?
D) Should the study include multiple populations?

Question 34

Convenience samples drawn from website visitors or crowdsourced options are a good sample with respect to generalizability.

Question 35

When a researcher has made the decision to conduct a survey using a sample of the population, the FIRST step in the selection of the sample is to ____.

A) define the target population
B) determine the sample size
C) select the actual sampling units
D) select a sampling frame

Question 36

All of the following are stages in the selection of a sample EXCEPT to ____.

A) analyze data
B) select a sampling frame
C) determine sample size
D) conduct fieldwork

Question 37

A company decides to send an Internet survey to all of its 127-member sales force to determine their morale.This is a ____.

A) cluster sample
B) multistage area sample
C) census
D) sample

Question 38

The difference between the sample result and the result of an accurate census is called ____.

A) random sampling error
B) systematic sampling error
C) primary sampling error
D) secondary sampling error

Question 39

Lists of respondents who have agreed to participate in marketing research along with their e-mail contact information are called ____.

A) interactive samples
B) online panels
C) perpetual samples
D) e-samples

Question 40

If Northwest Airlines selects randomly a set of 40 flights on a given day, and then selects randomly a group of ten passengers on each of these flights to participate in an in-flight survey, the passengers are best referred to as a ____.

A) PSU
B) census
C) systematic sample
D) secondary sampling unit

Question 41

Which type of nonprobability sampling technique is used in the Consumer Price Index?

A) convenience
B) judgment
C) cluster
D) stratified

Question 42

In which type of sampling is a subsample drawn using simple random sampling within each stratum?

A) cluster sampling
B) stratified sampling
C) systematic sampling
D) convenience sampling

Question 43

All of the following are advantages of quota sampling EXCEPT for

A) Quota sampling typically costs less for researchers.
B) Quota sampling is typically more convenient for researchers.
C) Quota sampling will typically take substantially less time to complete for researchers.
D) Quota sampling generally provides a more random sample than probability sampling.

Question 44

A marketing vice-president tells the marketing department to schedule a test market in Dallas because he feels that this city is "typical" of the composition of the target market for a new product nationally.The vice president is asking for a(n)____.

A) judgment sample
B) area sample
C) cluster sample
D) convenience sample

Question 45

A researcher is interested in studying attitudes about raw milk sales and has reason to believe that urban, suburban, and rural groups will vary in their responses.The researcher knows that the population being studied is 50% urban, 40% suburban, and 20% rural.She classifies the potential participants as urban, suburban, or rural residents, and then, for a sample totaling 100, randomly selects 50 individuals from the urban group, 40 from the suburban group, and 20 from the rural group.The researcher is using a(n)____.

A) proportional stratified sample
B) balanced stratified sample
C) even stratified sample
D) primary stratified sample

Question 46

A researcher for Procter & Gamble selects five states randomly, and then selects 10 supermarket chains within each of these states to call for a phone survey for a test market of a new shampoo.Which type of sampling procedure is being used?

A) systematic sample
B) simple random sample
C) nonprobability sample
D) cluster sample

Question 47

A researcher puts the name of each person in a sampling frame list on a 3" x 5" card, shuffles the cards thoroughly, and then selects 35 names from the top of the pile of cards for a phone interview study.What type of sampling procedure is being used?

A) judgment sample
B) simple random sample
C) stratified sample
D) area sample

Question 48

Lists of respondents who have agreed to participate in marketing research along with the e-mail and contact information of these individuals are called ______________.

Question 49

A researcher wants to select 50 customers from a sampling frame of 250 customers who have purchased at least $10, 000 worth of products from his company within the past six months.The researcher wants to use a systematic sampling technique.After randomly selecting a starting point, the researcher should select every ____ name on the list.

A) 20^th
B) 10^th
C) 5^th
D) 50^th

Question 50

When some elements of the target population are omitted from the list of elements, ____________________ error may occur.

Question 51

The head of the marketing research department instructs field interviewers to interview owners of DVD players in a shopping mall such that they each interview 10 Sony owners, 8 Panasonic owners, 6 Toshiba owners, and 4 owners of other brands.Which type of sampling procedure is being used?

A) systematic sample
B) quota sample
C) area sample
D) multistage sample

Question 52

A marketing researcher wants to put together four focus groups of 18-24 year-old males who are "heavy downloaders of music" (defined as downloading 50 songs per month).Instead of asking people at a shopping mall whether they download music from the Internet, he finds one person in the target market who qualifies, and then asks that person to suggest the names of two other males between the ages of 18-24 who download music.The researcher will invite those two to participate in the focus group, and then they are each asked to suggest two others similar to themselves to participate in the focus group study.This procedure describes a ____.

A) stepwise sample
B) judgment sample
C) area sample
D) snowball sample

Question 53

A(n)____________________ is a subset of some larger population that is measured or observed in some way to infer what the entire population is like.

Question 54

When a local television station sends a crew to interview joggers in the city park on a beautiful spring day, what type of sample is being used?

A) cluster sample
B) multistage area sample
C) systematic sample
D) convenience sample

Question 55

All of the retail stores nationwide of Sears Roebuck and Co.form the ____________________ of Sears' stores.

Question 56

Which technique uses nonprobability sampling, in which an experienced individual selects the sample based on his or her judgment about some appropriate characteristics required of the sample member?

A) area sample
B) subjective sample
C) stratified sample
D) judgment sample

Question 57

A national political pollster randomly selects ten states, then randomly selects five counties within each state, then randomly selects five voting precincts within these counties, then randomly selects five blocks within these precincts, and finally, randomly selects five households for door-to-door interviews about their voting intentions in the next Presidential election.This is best called a(n)____.

A) simple random sample
B) multistage area sample
C) systematic sample
D) nonprobability sample

Question 58

When a researcher conducts personal interviews with 100 percent of the salespeople within his organization, the researcher is using a(n)____________________.

Question 59

__________ is simple random subsamples that are more or less equal on some characteristic are drawn from within each stratum of the population.

A) stratified sampling
B) snowball sampling
C) cluster sampling
D) quota sampling

Question 60

A sampling procedure that assures each element in the population of an equal chance of being included in the sample is called ____.

A) simple random sampling
B) primary random sampling
C) primary sampling
D) stratified sampling

Question 61

A unit that is selected in the first stage of a multi-stage sampling procedure is called the ____________________.

Question 62

The difference between the results of a sample and the results of a census that is conducted with identical procedures is called ____________________ error.

Question 63

List the stages in the selection of a sample.

Question 64

____________________ sampling is a nonprobability sampling procedure that ensures that various subgroups of a population will be represented to the extent that the investigator desires.

Question 65

Explain reasons for why taking a sample might be preferred to taking a complete census.

Question 66

When initial subjects are selected randomly and additional subjects are obtained from recommendations of names from the initial subjects, the ____________________ sampling technique is being used.

Question 67

When a research study has been poorly designed, it is likely to be affected by ____________________ error.

Question 68

When an Internet user gives permission to Southwest Airlines to e-mail special price promotions as they are announced, the user has decided to ____________________ for this type of database communication.

Question 69

Name and describe the types of nonprobability sampling.

Question 70

___________ is an economically efficient sampling technique in which the primary sampling unit is not the individual element in the population but a large cluster of elements.

Question 71

Name and describe the types of probability sampling.

Question 72

Choosing every third student that walks into the class room is a type of ____________________ sample.

Question 73

The sampling procedure involving the use of those people or units that are most readily available is called ____________________ sampling.

Question 74

Compare and contrast random sampling and systematic (nonsampling)errors.

Question 75

Name and describe the sampling criteria which must be considered before deciding on a sampling design.

Question 76

Judgment sampling is a type of ____________________ sampling.