Deck 19: Epilogue

Question 1

Use the figure above to answer the following question
Plans for solving overlapping environmental and economic goals would fare best by ______________.

A) including social goals with the ultimate objective of planning sustainable development
B) ignoring competing social goals
C) realizing that there is no shared agenda with social goals
D) excluding the competing interest of sustainable development
E) debating the issue with the goal of eliminating the weaker of the two interests

Answer 1

including social goals with the ultimate objective of planning sustainable development

Question 2

Sustainable development involves ______________ .

A) searching for more deposits of fossil fuels
B) larger buildings using stronger design and materials
C) using all resources at maximum rates
D) reducing consumption, increasing efficiency, and using renewable energies
E) developing better transportation by building more roads

Answer 2

reducing consumption, increasing efficiency, and using renewable energies

Question 3

Use the figure above to answer the following question
Economic goals for sustainable development can be formulated ___________.

A) by disentangling them from social goals
B) only if there is a complete overlap with social and environmental goals
C) only if we include environmental and social goals in the planning
D) on their own terms without reference to environmental goals
E) only if we exclude environmental goals

Answer 3

only if we include environmental and social goals in the planning

Question 4

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following:
Wealthy people in developed countries often have this

A)short-term
B)lavishly consumptive lifestyles
C)war, plague, and famine
D)voluntary growth reduction
E)systems organization
F)linear organization
G)compulsion to recycle and reduce consumption
H)long-term

Question 5

The current use of fossil fuels versus the need to develop new renewable energy sources is an example of ______________ .

A) two unrelated and independent but positive environmental goals
B) an issue that will never be resolved
C) governmental vision competing with economic practicalities
D) how short-term needs are in opposition to long-term sustainability
E) two different goals that are not in opposition

Question 6

Ecological economists suggest that we can gain better understanding of economics and human interactions with the environment if we view human economies as ______________ .

A) entities that are integrated within natural systems
B) consumption driven
C) entities that are devoid of ecosystem characteristics
D) consumer driven
E) preservation driven

Question 7

The term sustainability refers to ______________

A) holding or increasing the current quality of human life
B) maintaining resource use at current or higher levels
C) opposing change from current policies
D) keeping the natural environment and human society in a happy, healthy and functional state
E) always focusing on fulfilling short-term needs

Question 8

Environmental protection can positively affect local economies by ______________ .

A) eliminating current excess jobs
B) creating jobs that will attract companies from other sectors of the economy
C) having businesses move out of the area to locales with less-stringent environmental protection
D) having citizens move out of the community in order to find employment
E) increasing short-term costs to existing and future businesses

Question 9

Producing responsible and constructive technology that can achieve sustainable solutions requires ______________ .

A) increase of technology developed through self-interest of large companies
B) public pressure to put limits on environmental protection
C) importing inferior technology to developing countries while developed countries invest in green technology
D) funding for scientific research and elimination of damaging and inefficient technology
E) having citizens be cognizant of the need for politicians to work with ʺbig businessʺ

Question 10

Student sustainability movements are more successful when administration is shown how a policy of sustainable practices ______________

A) saves money
B) recruits more top-notch faculty
C) increases the prestige of the college
D) wins more awards
E) attracts a more diverse student body

Question 11

Colleges and universities can advocate for sustainability with a focus on local biodiversity by ______________ .

A) conducting an audit of operations to determine ecological footprint
B) choosing to build new buildings using ʺgreenʺ materials, designs, and technology
C) having procedures and technology to use energy and water efficiently
D) using native plants in landscaping
E) ignoring recommendations from an audit of operations

Question 12

Renewable energy resources are critical for long-term sustainability. An example of a renewable energy resource is ______________ .

A) coal
B) crude oil
C) solar energy
D) uranium
E) shale oil

Question 13

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following:
Most of us hope that the human population will stabilize through

A)short-term
B)lavishly consumptive lifestyles
C)war, plague, and famine
D)voluntary growth reduction
E)systems organization
F)linear organization
G)compulsion to recycle and reduce consumption
H)long-term

Question 14

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following:
Sustainable solutions to environmental problems require thinking for the

A)short-term
B)lavishly consumptive lifestyles
C)war, plague, and famine
D)voluntary growth reduction
E)systems organization
F)linear organization
G)compulsion to recycle and reduce consumption
H)long-term

Question 15

Most college and university sustainability initiatives are home-grown and local, such as ______________ .

A) Recyclemania
B) The Solar Decathlon
C) sustainable food and dining initiatives, like those at Kennesaw State University
D) Campus Conservation Nationals
E) Both A and B

Question 16

Of the following, ______________ will lead to sustainability.

A) increasing energy production
B) creating industrial systems that are linear in design and operation
C) reducing consumption and halting population growth
D) increasing population growth
E) runaway consumer growth

Question 17

Working to achieve sustainability on college and university campuses ______________ .

A) will have long-term benefits to society when students graduate
B) is not a vital part of university curricula
C) increases costs to students
D) is opposed by most universities
E) will have no impact on society after students graduate

Question 18

Use the figure above to answer the following question
Sustainable development ____________.

A) is completely compatible with all social, environmental, and economic goals
B) would be possible by ignoring environmental concerns
C) would be possible by ignoring social goals
D) has to ignore competing agendas of social, economic, and environmental goals
E) is only possible by including social, environmental, and economic considerations

Question 19

Our consumptive lifestyles are ______________ .

A) not impacting the environment due to environmental regulations
B) not likely to impact the ability of developing countries to obtain natural resources
C) sustainable if we use technology properly
D) a new phenomenon on Earth
E) consistent with the lifestyles of previous generations

Question 20

Choose the item that best matches each item in the following:
Sustainable operations and Nature exhibit

A)short-term
B)lavishly consumptive lifestyles
C)war, plague, and famine
D)voluntary growth reduction
E)systems organization
F)linear organization
G)compulsion to recycle and reduce consumption
H)long-term

Question 21

An important way to alter the perception that protecting the environment is incompatible with economic progress is through ______________

A) top-down governmental mandates
B) picketing and paying for newspaper ads
C) education
D) consumerism and competition
E) articles in newspapers

Question 22

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Northeast of Australia and northwest of Fiji lies the isolated tropical island of Tikopia. Less than two miles in length, it supports 1200 people and has been continuously occupied for nearly 3000 years, with the population holding steady for much of that time. It has a two-month dry season every year and lies in the Pacificʹs cyclone belt, which destroys homes and gardens on an unpredictable but regular basis. Tikopia is too far away from other islands to have any regular contact; the islanders must be self-sufficient.
Tikopiaʹs heavy rains and moderate climate help the people ______________

A) with sustainable food production
B) learn to use technology
C) attract a great many tourists
D) increase population levels easily
E) perform economically valuable work indoors

Question 23

If the total world population reaches 13 billion, what is one issue that consumers will need to address to maintain the population on Earth while considering carrying capacity of Earth itself?

A) Resources will need to be limited in only developing countries.
B) Behavior, attitudes and lifestyles will need to follow a path of increasing consumption of resources.
C) Since biocapacity will be less than carrying capacity, consumption in developing countries can increase.
D) Resource demand will need to be limited in only developed countries.
E) Behavior, lifestyles, and expectations will need to follow a path of minimizing consumption of resources.

Question 24

To encourage corporations to adopt green technologies in a capitalist economy, citizens can ______________

A) visibly protest companies that are destructive to the environment
B) attend meetings with other people who desire green technologies
C) choose products with the lowest price
D) choose products from companies that adopt sustainable practices
E) write letters to all companies encouraging them to adopt green technologies

Question 25

An important way to alter the perception that protecting the environment is incompatible with economic progress is through ______________

A) articles in newspapers
B) picketing and paying for newspaper ads
C) consumerism and competition
D) top-down governmental mandates
E) education and collaboration

Question 26

One reason for the ʺeconomy vs. the environmentʺ mindset is ______________

A) that environmental policies generally are oppressive and cost more money than they save
B) that CEOs are usually Republican and environmental advocates are Democrats
C) the difference in salary between environmental watchdogs and corporate CEOs
D) that industrialization and urbanization have broken the connection between ourselves, our economies, and our natural environment
E) that industrialization has had several positive impacts on local ecosystems

Question 27

College sustainability programs that are inclusive of all stakeholders are important for the advancement of pro-sustainability legislation because ______________ .

A) corporations employ lobbyists that push politicians into protecting profits
B) governments tend to think in short-term goals
C) individuals in governments are more interested in maintaining personal power than they are in working for their constituency
D) regardless of what they have learned about sustainability, citizen action will be ignored by politicians
E) more informed citizens will form a larger constituency that will use what they have learned about sustainability and their voting power to pressure politicians

Question 28

We could, in theory, make all of our industrial processes sustainable if we could ______________ .

A) reduce the use of biodegradable plastics
B) speed up the disposal of wastes by deep-well injection
C) develop more draconian policies to regulate manufacturing
D) transform cyclic processes into linear ones
E) transform linear processes into circular ones

Question 29

The lesson of Easter Island was that ______________ .

A) conservation of resources is necessary for sustainable societies
B) we never comprehend resource issues until the resources are gone
C) political and governmental support are required to ensure sustainable societies
D) grassroots organizations must be involved to ensure sustainable societies
E) economics is an important facilitator of sustainable societies

Question 30

Why is it imperative that humans alter their consumptive behaviors and practices to more sustainable ones?

Question 31

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Northeast of Australia and northwest of Fiji lies the isolated tropical island of Tikopia. Less than two miles in length, it supports 1200 people and has been continuously occupied for nearly 3000 years, with the population holding steady for much of that time. It has a two-month dry season every year and lies in the Pacificʹs cyclone belt, which destroys homes and gardens on an unpredictable but regular basis. Tikopia is too far away from other islands to have any regular contact; the islanders must be self-sufficient.
As you approach Tikopia, it appears to be covered with rainforest, with several layers of trees of various sizes. Close inspection shows that from the tallest trees to the smallest yam plants growing in the shaded gardens, the plants are all either edible or used for other purposes. It is probably true that ______________

A) the inhabitants are extremely lucky to have such a wide array of useful plants
B) visitors brought these non-native plants, which became invasive species
C) three thousand years of breeding experiments led to the wide array of useful plants
D) the heavy rainfall is responsible for the wide array of useful plants
E) the Tikopians traded with other islands over centuries to obtain this carefully selected variety of plants

Question 32

Responsible stewardship in the coming decades will require global energy policies that promote ______________ .

A) additional exploration of shale oil and natural gas resources
B) productivity and economic prosperity in developing nations
C) exploration for petroleum reserves in deeper areas of the oceans than were previously technologically possible
D) the development of abundant and inexpensive fossil fuels such as shale gas
E) both sustainability and technological efficiency

Question 33

Why are short-term solutions often offered to achieve sustainability? Why must sustainable solutions work in the long term? Why does the current political system inhibit our ability as a community to work on long -term solutions, and how can citizens change this?

Question 34

How can consumption be reduced while maintaining oneʹs quality of life?

Question 35

There is ample reason to hope that we may achieve sustainability before doing too much damage to our planet, and to our own prospects, because of human ______________ .

A) ingenuity and determination
B) rationalization
C) consumption patterns
D) procrastination
E) ʺaffluenzaʺ

Question 36

It is imperative that developed countries assist developing countries in economic advancement for sustainability because ______________

A) all people in developing countries welcome the influx of foreign corporations for economic assistance
B) it is easier and less expensive to create physical and governmental infrastructure to support heavy industry in developing countries
C) it is easier and less expensive to exploit resources in developing countries
D) it is less expensive for developing countries to manufacture the consumer goods needed by developed countries
E) there is a direct connection between poverty and those who suffer the most from environmental degradation

Question 37

What is the definition of true progress for our entire planet?

Question 38

Many proponents of sustainability believe that encouraging local self-sufficiency is important for building sustainable societies because ______________ .

A) when people are tied more closely to the area where they live, they will value the area more and seek to sustain its environment and its human communities
B) it eliminates governmental influence on local practices
C) more and more people are growing gardens
D) it forces citizens to look more closely at the global community
E) this is not correct; proponents of sustainability believe that encouraging local self-sufficiency will pose a threat to building sustainable societies

Question 39

Our global society has a greater potential to address concerns of sustainability today compared to previous societies because ______________

A) we have many thousands of scientists who study Earthʹs processes and resources closely
B) we have citizens who vote
C) politicians today propose short-term solutions
D) of the Bill of Rights
E) we value goods

Question 40

Of the following, has been most negatively impacted by globalization ______________

A) local culturesʹ religious and dietary traditions
B) agricultural practices
C) the exchange of information
D) public-health practices
E) international travel

Question 41

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Northeast of Australia and northwest of Fiji lies the isolated tropical island of Tikopia. Less than two miles in length, it supports 1200 people and has been continuously occupied for nearly 3000 years, with the population holding steady for much of that time. It has a two-month dry season every year and lies in the Pacificʹs cyclone belt, which destroys homes and gardens on an unpredictable but regular basis. Tikopia is too far away from other islands to have any regular contact; the islanders must be self-sufficient.
Archaeological evidence shows that, in a manner similar to Easter Island, the first settlers cleared forests by burning them and feasted on the birds, fish, turtles, and bats. The archaeological middens (trash piles) show that they extirpated numerous species of plants, birds, and bats; that the fish and shellfish numbers declined dramatically; and that the average sizes of these organisms was drastically reduced. By the end of the first thousand years of residency, the initial food resources were gone and Tikopians began to raise pigs as a major protein source. Suddenly, about 500 years later, the people killed every pig on the island. This is most likely because ______________

A) they had a serious problem, such as a prolonged drought, and sacrificed the pigs to their gods
B) they were having a huge celebration of some event, such as a victory over an enemy
C) they were tired of pork
D) their chiefs made it taboo to eat pork
E) they realized they were better off eating vegetables than feeding vegetables to pigs and eating pigs

Question 42

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Northeast of Australia and northwest of Fiji lies the isolated tropical island of Tikopia. Less than two miles in length, it supports 1200 people and has been continuously occupied for nearly 3000 years, with the population holding steady for much of that time. It has a two-month dry season every year and lies in the Pacificʹs cyclone belt, which destroys homes and gardens on an unpredictable but regular basis. Tikopia is too far away from other islands to have any regular contact; the islanders must be self-sufficient.
There are food taboos on Tikopia. In order to catch and eat fish, a citizen must obtain permission from a clan chief. The purpose of this taboo is that it ______________

A) keeps people from gaining too much weight
B) helps spread the wealth
C) ensures that everyone eats the same things
D) prevents overfishing
E) requires the population to be obedient

Question 43

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Northeast of Australia and northwest of Fiji lies the isolated tropical island of Tikopia. Less than two miles in length, it supports 1200 people and has been continuously occupied for nearly 3000 years, with the population holding steady for much of that time. It has a two-month dry season every year and lies in the Pacificʹs cyclone belt, which destroys homes and gardens on an unpredictable but regular basis. Tikopia is too far away from other islands to have any regular contact; the islanders must be self-sufficient.
People live in clans on the island. Within the clan, individual families are probably encouraged to ______________ in order to ______________

A) have very few children; concentrate the clan wealth among only a few people
B) have very few children; avoid food shortages
C) have as many children as possible; wage war on other clans
D) have as many children as possible; grow crops to feed the clan
E) have as many children as possible; care for their parents and other older clan members

Question 44

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Northeast of Australia and northwest of Fiji lies the isolated tropical island of Tikopia. Less than two miles in length, it supports 1200 people and has been continuously occupied for nearly 3000 years, with the population holding steady for much of that time. It has a two-month dry season every year and lies in the Pacificʹs cyclone belt, which destroys homes and gardens on an unpredictable but regular basis. Tikopia is too far away from other islands to have any regular contact; the islanders must be self-sufficient.
Tikopia was first settled about 3000 years ago. If there were 100 explorers who arrived at that time, 50 couples, and they increased the population at the rate of 1.4% per year, within 1000 years there would have been more than ______________

A) 10,000,000 people on the island
B) 10,000,000,000 people on the island
C) 10,000 people on the island
D) 100,000 people on the island
E) 1000 people on the island

Question 45

Read the following scenario and answer the question below.
Northeast of Australia and northwest of Fiji lies the isolated tropical island of Tikopia. Less than two miles in length, it supports 1200 people and has been continuously occupied for nearly 3000 years, with the population holding steady for much of that time. It has a two-month dry season every year and lies in the Pacificʹs cyclone belt, which destroys homes and gardens on an unpredictable but regular basis. Tikopia is too far away from other islands to have any regular contact; the islanders must be self-sufficient.
One major problem Tikopians have faced and solved is how to ______________

A) maintain a sustainable society over a long period of time
B) find and exploit economically valuable resources
C) conduct trade with far distant groups
D) organize an educated community
E) use technology to increase population size