Deck 4: Socialization: Becoming Human and Humane

Question 1

Willy was unsure whether he should ask his friend Susan to help him host a party. He decided, "Susan loves throwing parties, so she would probably like helping me out with this one." Willy is ______.

A) self-actualizing
B) role taking
C) reactionizing
D) interacting

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Imagining oneself from the point of view of the other is called ______.

A) socialization
B) interaction
C) social self
D) role taking

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is a micro-level socialization activity?

A) reading a religious text (e.g., the Koran or the Bible)
B) "playing house" with a small group of friends
C) watching a nationally syndicated TV advertisement for luxury cars
D) none of these

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The basic building block of socialization through which a child becomes shaped into a human being, learns his or her culture, and becomes a member of a society is ______.

A) the process of socialization
B) the process of interaction
C) the development of the social self
D) being involved in role taking

Question 5

The lifelong process of learning to become a member of the social world is called ______.

A) socialization
B) interaction
C) socializing
D) role taking

Question 6

In response to the question, "What is more important-nature or nurture?" sociologists tend to respond, "______."

A) Nature
B) Nurture
C) A combination of nature and nurture
D) It depends upon the culture the person is from

Question 7

Bob told his boss that he deserves a 40% raise because he helped the company get a big contract. When he finished speaking, Bob observed his boss frowning. Bob then said, "Even a 10% raise would be fine!" Bob offered to take a lower raise because he used ______.

A) the "I"
B) reductionism
C) the looking-glass self
D) the play stage

Question 8

When trying to explain the assertion that women want to get married more than men do, Ed responded, "It is because women have an instinct to ensure that they have a male partner to provide for their children, therefore ensuring that their kids will be able to survive to adulthood and have children of their own." Ed is most likely a ______.

A) feminist
B) sociobiologist
C) political scientist
D) symbolic reductionist

Question 9

The statement, "Different levels of socializing agents operate to support each other," is most closely related to ______.

A) structural-functional theory
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interaction theory
D) sociobiological theory

Question 10

The statement, "Decisions are made based on genetic drives to continue the species," is most closely related to ______.

A) structural-functional theory
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interaction theory
D) sociobiological theory

Question 11

Part of you wants to get up right now, tear up this test, leave, and go get some pizza. The other part of you will keep trudging through because you want a good grade and want to graduate from college. The first part of you is the ______, and the second part of you is the ______.

A) I; Me
B) Me; I
C) I; I
D) Me; Me

Question 12

A theory that attempts to explain complex social behavior with a single explanation is a(n) ______.

A) reductionist theory
B) deductionist theory
C) inductionist theory
D) interactionist theory

Question 13

A child who can play "mommy" but who cannot play baseball is in what stage of George Herbert Mead's social development?

A) game
B) play
C) role confusion
D) generalized other

Question 14

Which of the following is a meso-level socialization activity?

A) attending a religious study group of the Koran or the Bible
B) "playing house" with a small group of friends
C) watching a nationally syndicated TV advertisement for luxury cars
D) attending a national religious conference with people from other states

Question 15

______ refers to the perceptions we have of who we are.

A) Socialization
B) Interaction
C) The social self
D) Role taking

Question 16

Socialization takes place ______.

A) in utero
B) in infancy
C) during childhood
D) throughout the life course

Question 17

Which of the following do most sociologists see as a uniquely human characteristic?

A) ability to feel pain
B) ability to communicate
C) ability to use symbols
D) sense of self

Question 18

The statement, "Those who have power use socialization to manipulate others into supporting the power structure and interests of the elite," is most closely related to ______.

A) structural-functional theory
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interaction theory
D) sociobiological theory

Question 19

Carol is examining women who work for a major corporation. She hypothesizes that the women will have difficulty in meeting the expectations of the corporation while still trying to live up to what is expected of them as wives and mothers. Which theoretical perspective is she most likely using?

A) ecological
B) conflict
C) symbolic interactionist
D) sociobiological

Question 20

According to the text, sociobiologists believe social behavior (e.g., fighting wars, protecting children, and building fences) occurs in order to:

A) express control over those who have less power.
B) increase survival odds for future generations.
C) perpetuate the male-dominated society.
D) return to our animal roots.

Question 21

Studies of isolated children provide evidence that just meeting the basic necessities of children is not enough to help them develop normally.

Question 22

Children learn their culture by interacting with others.

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of a negative sanction?

A) a smile
B) a cookie
C) a verbal reprimand
D) a pat on the back

Question 24

Jane recently became embarrassed for using a four-letter word in front of a group of Catholic nuns. Mead would argue that her embarrassment illustrates the internalization of ______.

A) the looking-glass self
B) the generalized other
C) particular others
D) the ego

Question 25

Disney movies, such as Cinderella or Snow White, can best be described as ______.

A) formal agents of socialization
B) informal agents of socialization
C) movies that can lead to violent behavior
D) micro-level agents of socialization

Question 26

Which of the following is not a rite of passage?

A) turning 21 years old
B) starting one's first job
C) graduating from college
D) networking with friends

Question 27

Peers are what type of agent of socialization?

A) micro-level
B) meso-level
C) macro-level
D) meta-level

Question 28

Generally speaking, the more intelligent the species, the shorter the period of gestation and dependence on others.

Question 29

At the micro-level, most parents teach children proper behaviors.

Question 30

People who are very important to us and whom we have sustained interactions with are known as ______.

A) social instructors
B) role takers
C) generalized others
D) significant others

Question 31

Parents and teachers can best be described as ______.

A) informal agents of socialization
B) formal agents of socialization
C) generalized others
D) disciplinary agents of socialization

Question 32

Socialization is not always necessary for human beings.

Question 33

When asked to list who he "is," Philip writes, "I am a Black male; I am a father; I am a husband; I am a good worker." These things compose Philip's ______.

A) social structure
B) environment
C) core self
D) culture

Question 34

Social class is what type of agent of socialization?

A) micro-level
B) meso-level
C) macro-level
D) meta-level

Question 35

As a child develops, the primary agent of socialization changes from the family to the child's ______.

A) college professors
B) television preferences
C) music preferences
D) friends

Question 36

The process of abandoning one or more social positions for others that are more suitable for a newly acquired status can best be described as ______.

A) resocialization
B) total socialization
C) relinquishing status
D) master status acquisition

Question 37

To be in the game stage, a child has to be able to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) taking on roles of people the child knows.
B) playing complex games, such as baseball.
C) understanding the interdependence of multiple roles.
D) overcoming his or her biological urges.

Question 38

Most sociologists believe that sociobiology and evolutionary psychology thoroughly answer the nurture-versus-nature dilemma.

Question 39

______ involves an individual or a family with a national loyalty to more than one country.

A) Multiculturalism
B) Plural heritage
C) Transnationalism
D) Dual nationality

Question 40

According to the Iowa School, the reason some very religious people are fighting so hard to prevent same-sex marriage from becoming legal is that:

A) they do not understand the fact that homosexuality is genetic.
B) their religious beliefs are central to their core selves.
C) they have not advanced to the game stage.
D) they do not understand the symbolic meaning of marriage.

Question 41

The elderly are vitally important to the ongoing group in more settled agricultural societies.

Question 42

The concept of a core self refers to a stable inner sense of who one is.

Question 43

Functional theorists believe that those who have power and privilege use socialization to manipulate individuals in the social world.

Question 44

Television and computers are important formal agents in today's socialization process in Global North countries.

Question 45

The looking-glass self refers primarily to an individual's feelings of self-worth.

Question 46

Becoming a parent is a resocializing experience.

Question 47

Agents of socialization are the mechanisms by which the self learns the values, beliefs, and behaviors of the culture.

Question 48

According to the text, humans are born with a sense of self.

Question 49

Rites of passage are ceremonies or public recognitions when an individual passes from one status to another.

Question 50

The generalized other is composed only of those people that an individual knows personally.

Question 51

Formal agents do not have the explicit goal of socialization.

Question 52

Most sociologists believe all mammals use symbols to communicate.

Question 53

Once an older person retires, the individual no longer undergoes socialization and resocialization.

Question 54

The media, books, and the Internet are considered formal agents of socialization.

Question 55

According to Mead, the critical states in development are the primary and secondary stages.

Question 56

Resocialization involves learning one's roles in more depth.

Question 57

Through role taking, people begin to see who they are from the standpoint of others.

Question 58

Widowhood and prison rehabilitation programs are both sources of resocialization.

Question 59

The "Me" attempts to ignore the needs of the "I".

Question 60

Retirement is a rite of passage.

Question 61

How are children influenced by the various types of mass media? Give two examples of electronic media, and discuss how each type can impact children.

Question 62

Formal agents of socialization usually have official or legal responsibility for instructing individuals.

Question 63

What is sociobiology, and what role does it play in the nature-versus-nurture debate? How do most sociologists feel about this argument?

Question 64

Social class has an impact on socialization.

Question 65

In Japan, the father is a key agent in the process of turning a newborn into a member of the group, passing on the strong group standards and expectations of family, neighbors, community, and society through the use of language and emotion.

Question 66

The media usage habits of parents can also influence how their children respond to media.

Question 67

List and briefly discuss two meso-level agents of socialization.

Question 68

Compare and contrast formal and informal agents of socialization. Provide one example of each.

Question 69

Transnationalism is when individuals move from one area of the country to another.

Question 70

Name and briefly discuss the main result or "product" of the socialization process.

Question 71

Rewards for desirable behavior are a form of sanctions.

Question 72

Family influence on socialization of children varies from one culture to another.

Question 73

Social class is defined as the wealth, power, and prestige rankings that people have in society.

Question 74

Children ages 8 to 18 spend more than 8 hours a day watching TV, playing video games, or using some other form of electronic media.

Question 75

According to Mead, what happens during the game stage? Provide an example.

Question 76

What is the looking-glass self? Describe a time when you personally encountered the looking-glass self and how it changed your behavior.

Question 77

What is the core self? Why would the Iowa School argue that people have a vested interest in making sure that those organizations that are important to the core self persist?

Question 78

Define a rite of passage. Describe the rites of passage for at least two different stages of life.

Question 79

What is transnationalism? What is like for individuals experiencing transnationalism? Provide examples.

Question 80

Compare and contrast the structural-functionalist and conflict perspectives of socialization.