Deck 24: Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Question 1

All chordates have:

A)a ventral, hollow nerve cord.
B)a bony endoskeleton.
C)a post-anal tail.
D)a backbone.
E)gills.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Lancelets live in:

A)the sea.
B)sulfur springs.
C)fresh water.
D)deserts.
E)treetops.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The notochord:

A)forms the nerve cord in an adult.
B)becomes the digestive system.
C)is for muscle attachment.
D)develops from the pharyngeal gill slits.
E)becomes the brain.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A)help increase the metabolic rate
B)tear and crush food
C)provide weight in aquatic life-forms
D)limit muscle attachments
E)protect the nerve cord

Question 5

How does the nerve cord of chordates differ from the nerve chord of other animals?

A)It does not develop until after the embryonic period.
B)It develops from the gill slits.
C)It is surrounded by bone.
D)It runs along the dorsal side of the body.
E)It does not extend into the tail.

Question 6

What characteristic of hagfishes differentiates them from lancelets and tunicates?

A)dorsal nerve cord
B)bony jaws
C)gills
D)post-anal tail
E)skull surrounding the brain

Question 7

Which of the following BEST describes which chordate characteristic(s)lancelets retain as adults?

A)pharyngeal gill slits
B)notochord
C)dorsal nerve cord
D)post-anal tail
E)notochord, dorsal nerve cord, post-anal tail, and pharyngeal gill slits

Question 8

Which of the following is present in all chordates?

A)a notochord
B)four limbs
C)chloroplasts
D)an external skeleton
E)a vertebral column

Question 9

The discovery of a coelacanth in South Africa in 1938 was surprising to biologists because:

A)it has not evolved for more than 80 million years.
B)it was thought to be extinct.
C)it was a newly evolved species.
D)it represents a transition between two major groups of fishes.
E)it is the first species to have made the transition to land.

Question 10

Which characteristic differentiates hagfishes from other craniates?

A)skeletal elements surrounding the nerve cord
B)bony jaws
C)two-chambered hearts
D)lobe-like fins
E)a lack of gills

Question 11

Which of the following has a ventral nerve cord?

A)earthworm
B)shark
C)coelacanth
D)frog
E)hummingbird

Question 12

Larval sea squirts:

A)live in fresh water.
B)display all four chordate characteristics.
C)are sessile.
D)lack a notochord.
E)have a brain encased in bone.

Question 13

In all chordates, the notochord:

A)appears only in adults.
B)appears at least during early stages of development.
C)may or may not appear at all; it is not found in all chordates.
D)appears only during early stages of development.
E)is found throughout the life cycle.

Question 14

In vertebrates, the notochord is replaced by:

A)jaws.
B)a backbone.
C)a nerve cord.
D)a skull.
E)fins.

Question 15

At some stage of the life cycle, all chordates have:

A)an external skeleton.
B)a ventral nerve cord.
C)a pre-anal tail.
D)pharyngeal gill slits.
E)a backbone.

Question 16

The great size and mobility of the vertebrates are associated with:

A)four-chambered hearts.
B)lungs used for respiration.
C)lightweight endoskeletons.
D)uterine development of offspring.
E)increased brain size and complexity.

Question 17

Which of the following features is absent in lancelets?

A)nerve cord
B)backbone
C)notochord
D)gill slits
E)tail

Question 18

________ have a dorsal nerve cord.

A)Sharks
B)Bugs
C)Starfishes
D)Leeches
E)Earthworms

Question 19

A tunicate is a(n):

A)bony fish.
B)cartilaginous fish.
C)jawless fish.
D)amphibian.
E)invertebrate chordate.

Question 20

The earliest vertebrates lacked:

A)a notochord.
B)gills.
C)jaws.
D)brains.
E)skeletons.

Question 21

Fins composed of rod-shaped bones surrounded by thick layers of muscle are characteristic of:

A)lobe-finned fishes.
B)ray-finned fishes.
C)hagfishes.
D)lampreys.
E)cartilaginous fishes.

Question 22

Lungfishes are classified as:

A)amphibians.
B)lobe-finned fishes.
C)jawless fishes.
D)ray-finned fishes.
E)cartilaginous fishes.

Question 23

Lamprey populations introduced into the Great Lakes have grown dramatically. Why?

A)Competitive species have driven them from the ocean.
B)Fishermen have intentionally introduced them with the hope of farming them for "eel skin."
C)A fish species that they naturally prey upon has recently been introduced into the Great Lakes.
D)They have no natural predators in these waters.
E)Lamprey stocking programs have been highly effective.

Question 24

Which were the first tetrapods to move to land?

A)amphibians
B)reptiles
C)hagfishes
D)ray-finned fishes
E)monotremes

Question 25

Lampreys differ from other vertebrates because they lack:

A)skulls.
B)jaws.
C)gills.
D)hearts.
E)metabolism.

Question 26

Most ________ have swim bladders.

A)marine mammals
B)lobe-finned fishes
C)jawless fishes
D)ray-finned fishes
E)cartilaginous fishes

Question 27

Why are lampreys classified as vertebrates?

A)They are ectothermic.
B)They lack jaws.
C)They lack gills.
D)They have an exoskeleton.
E)Their nerve cord is surrounded by cartilage.

Question 28

Parasitic lampreys have:

A)sucker-like mouths lined with teeth.
B)bony jaws.
C)a three-chambered heart.
D)radial proportions.
E)internal fertilization.

Question 29

What is the advantage of paired appendages?

A)They improve mobility.
B)They protect the nerve cord.
C)They provide internal support for the animal.
D)They improve the sensory ability.
E)They increase the metabolic rate, making animals endothermic.

Question 30

Why have populations of many ray-finned fish species decreased in recent years?

A)parasitism by lampreys
B)bacterial disease
C)pollution of their environment
D)loss of their prey species
E)overfishing by humans

Question 31

A(n)________ protects the internal organs of ray-finned fishes.

A)notochord
B)internal cartilage skeleton
C)internal bony skeleton
D)exoskeleton made of chitin
E)exoskeleton made of cartilage

Question 32

Which vertebrate group is the most diverse?

A)Actinopterygii
B)Actinistia
C)Chondrichthyes
D)Mammalia
E)Reptilia

Question 33

Lampreys have reduced the size of commercial fish populations in the Great Lakes because they:

A)are parasites on those fish species.
B)are predators to many of the same prey species.
C)share many of the same predators.
D)compete for food with those fish species.
E)secrete toxins that injure or kill other fishes.

Question 34

A shark is a(n):

A)bony fish.
B)cartilaginous fish.
C)jawless fish.
D)amphibian.
E)invertebrate chordate.

Question 35

The skeletons of rays and skates are made of:

A)muscle.
B)bone.
C)cartilage.
D)chitin.
E)protein slime.

Question 36

A lamprey is a(n):

A)bony fish.
B)cartilaginous fish.
C)jawless fish.
D)amphibian.
E)invertebrate chordate.

Question 37

Chondrichthyes includes:

A)whales.
B)lampreys.
C)all fishes.
D)frogs.
E)sharks.

Question 38

Fins composed of a web of skin covering thin, bony spines are characteristic of:

A)lobe-finned fishes.
B)ray-finned fishes.
C)hagfishes.
D)lampreys.
E)cartilaginous fishes.

Question 39

Cartilaginous fishes are characterized by:

A)bony skeletons.
B)four-chambered hearts.
C)lungs supplemented by air sacs.
D)a backbone.
E)sucker-like mouths lined with teeth.

Question 40

Cartilaginous fishes differ from lampreys because they:

A)lack a skull.
B)lack a skeleton.
C)have jaws.
D)are ectotherms.
E)have a three-chambered heart.

Question 41

Why do amphibians need a moist environment?

A)The gills of the adult won't work if they dry out.
B)Amphibians eat only aquatic organisms.
C)Their eggs have only a jelly-like coating that needs to stay moist.
D)Amphibians require a moist environment for their scales to develop.
E)Amphibians require a moist environment to support their body weight because their cartilaginous skeleton is weak.

Question 42

Which characteristic do birds share with mammals?

A)a single ovary in females
B)mammary glands
C)a four-chambered heart
D)sweat glands
E)hollow bones

Question 43

The high body temperature of birds and mammals is due to:

A)their high metabolic rates.
B)the presence of sweat, scent, and sebaceous glands.
C)the fur that insulates them.
D)behaviors like basking in the sun and seeking shade.
E)the exchange of gases and nutrients via the placenta.

Question 44

An animal that has a four-chambered heart, is endothermic, and does not give birth to live offspring can be classified as a(n):

A)amphibian.
B)reptile.
C)bird.
D)mammal.
E)mollusk.

Question 45

Why are reptiles better adapted to land dwelling than amphibians are?

A)Their two-chambered heart better mixes oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
B)Their moist skin is used as a respiratory structure.
C)Their lungs have a smaller surface area for gas exchange.
D)Their embryos develop in a uterus.
E)Their scaly skin prevents water loss,

Question 46

Birds belong to a related group of vertebrates that includes all of the:

A)amphibians.
B)lobe-finned fishes.
C)mammals.
D)reptiles.
E)ray-finned fishes.

Question 47

A tadpole is a(n):

A)bony fish.
B)cartilaginous fish.
C)jawless fish.
D)amphibian.
E)invertebrate chordate.

Question 48

Why don't reptilian embryos dry out in a desert habitat?

A)Reptiles produce lots of defensive slime.
B)Reptile eggs are protected by a jelly-like coating.
C)The placenta facilitates gas exchange between the mother and the embryo.
D)Reptiles produce shelled amniotic eggs.
E)Reptiles are endothermic.

Question 49

Why can't amphibians be entirely terrestrial?

A)Their digestion is adapted for consuming aquatic prey.
B)They do not have lungs but instead have gills that require water for gas exchange.
C)They have a three-chambered heart that is not efficient enough for terrestrial life.
D)Their reproduction requires water to allow fertilization and keep eggs moist.
E)Their limbs are not adapted to support their bodies on land.

Question 50

A terrestrial vertebrate that has scales and a three-chambered heart is a(n):

A)mammal.
B)amphibian.
C)reptile.
D)lobe-finned fish.
E)bird.

Question 51

Although they are mammals, monotremes lack:

A)ovaries in females.
B)mammary glands.
C)a four-chambered heart.
D)hair.
E)nipples.

Question 52

Which of the following is essential for birds to maintain their high metabolic rate?

A)skin that is used as a respiratory structure
B)a four-chambered heart, which maximizes oxygen delivery
C)embryonic development in a shelled amniotic egg
D)hollow bones, which decrease body mass
E)extraordinary coordination by a well-developed nervous system

Question 53

Amphibians are not especially successful land dwellers because of their:

A)production of a shelled amniotic egg.
B)reliance on moist skin for gas exchange .
C)lungs that are supplemented by air sacs.
D)two-chambered hearts.
E)choice of prey.

Question 54

Which of the following is TRUE of all reptiles?

A)They are exclusively terrestrial.
B)They have four well-developed limbs.
C)They are predatory carnivores.
D)They have teeth.
E)They have a heart with either three or four chambers.

Question 55

Why have reptiles successfully adapted to land?

A)They lack gills at any point during their development.
B)They have a two-chambered heart to maximize oxygen utilization.
C)They are endothermic.
D)They nurse their young.
E)They produce eggs that resist dehydration.

Question 56

To prevent dehydration, reptiles have:

A)embryos that lack gills.
B)eggs that contain no water.
C)scaly skin.
D)a four-chambered heart.
E)moist, slime-covered skin.

Question 57

One adaptation that enables an animal to live successfully on dry land is:

A)external fertilization.
B)a two-chambered heart.
C)moist skin used for gas exchange.
D)gills.
E)development in a shelled egg.

Question 58

Which vertebrate group has a three-chambered heart?

A)lobe-finned fishes
B)amphibians
C)mammals
D)ray-finned fishes
E)birds

Question 59

A marsupial is a(n):

A)amphibian.
B)reptile.
C)bird.
D)mammal.
E)mollusk.

Question 60

Which of the following BEST describes the major problem(s)amphibians face?

A)habitat destruction
B)fungal infection
C)exposure to environmental toxins
D)developmental abnormalities from UV light exposure
E)a major decrease in populations due to a variety of factors including toxins, UV exposure, fungal infections, and habitat destruction

Question 61

The notochord persists into adulthood in all chordates. True or False?

Question 62

Hagfishes have three-chambered hearts, which improve gas exchange with the lungs. True or False?

Question 63

During embryonic development, the tail in mammals extends past the anus. True or False?

Question 64

All chordates have pharyngeal gill slits at some point during their development. True or False?

Question 65

Cartilaginous fishes lack gills in their adult form. True or False?

Question 66

The amnion creates an aquatic environment for developing embryos. True or False?

Question 67

Craniates have skulls made of either bone or cartilage. True or False?

Question 68

The shelled egg of reptiles prevents the egg from dehydrating. True or False?

Question 69

The skeletons of ray-finned fishes are made of cartilage. True or False?

Question 70

The fins of the coelacanth have rod-shaped bones and thick muscles. True or False?

Question 71

Animals that have a ventral nerve cord during embryonic development are classified as chordates. True or False?

Question 72

Cartilaginous fishes have internal fertilization. True or False?

Question 73

Lampreys are endothermic. True or False?

Question 74

Hagfishes lack jaws. True or False?

Question 75

To limit water loss in dry environments, reptiles breathe through their skin. True or False?

Question 76

Skates and other cartilaginous fishes lack jaws. True or False?

Question 77

________ are the mammals with the greatest number of species.

A)Rodents
B)Primates
C)Whales
D)Bats
E)Marsupials

Question 78

How do monotremes differ from other mammals?

A)They do not produce milk.
B)They lay eggs.
C)They have a four-chambered heart.
D)They have hair.
E)They have claws.

Question 79

An animal without a vertebral column has an unprotected notochord. True or False?

Question 80

Salamanders are the only vertebrate capable of regenerating lost limbs. True or False?