Deck 19: The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

Question 1

What do the sticky layers of protective slime produced by some bacteria enable them to do?

A)sexually reproduce
B)stick together and form biofilms
C)acquire resistance to antibiotics
D)move from one location to another
E)survive extreme conditions for long periods of time

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Binary fission is the method by which bacteria:

A)survive extreme conditions for long periods of time.
B)reproduce.
C)acquire genetic variation.
D)move to new locations.
E)metabolize without oxygen.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Mobile prokaryotes can move around with the help of:

A)peptidoglycan.
B)sex pili.
C)flagella.
D)plasmids.
E)endospores.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

How do the flagella of bacteria differ from the flagella of archaea?

A)Bacterial flagella occur at only one end of the cell.
B)The flagella of archaea are scattered over the cell surface.
C)Archaeal flagella are thinner than bacterial flagella.
D)Bacterial flagella cannot rotate.
E)Bacterial flagella are used for reproduction.

Question 5

In bacteria, the small, circular pieces of DNA that are located outside the chromosome are called:

A)plasmids.
B)sex pili.
C)flagella.
D)endospores.
E)bacteriophages.

Question 6

Mutations that improve the survival and reproduction of organisms, and thus contribute to the evolution of species, arise rapidly in prokaryotes due to their:

A)sexual reproduction.
B)absence of a nucleus.
C)cell wall composition.
D)rapid rate of cell division.
E)anaerobic metabolism.

Question 7

What differentiates gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative bacteria?

A)nutrient requirements
B)the appearance of colonies
C)the means of locomotion
D)staining properties
E)the use of oxygen

Question 8

Bacterial endospores are used for:

A)bacterial reproduction.
B)keeping the bacteria alive under harsh conditions.
C)forming biofilms.
D)bioremediation.
E)attracting viruses.

Question 9

Cyanobacteria obtain energy from:

A)digesting plants.
B)digesting cyanide.
C)digesting benzene.
D)sunlight.
E)parasitizing viruses.

Question 10

The oldest endospores to be revived and cultured to produce live bacteria are:

A)250 years old.
B)2,500 years old.
C)25,000 years old.
D)250,000 years old.
E)250 million years old.

Question 11

Peptidoglycan is found in the cell walls of:

A)bacteria.
B)plants.
C)fungi.
D)viruses.
E)archaea.

Question 12

The classification of bacteria has historically been based on:

A)nutrient requirements only.
B)the appearance of colonies only.
C)the means of locomotion only.
D)pigments.
E)microbial nutrition, physical appearance, and how they move.

Question 13

Sex pili are prokaryotic structures that are used:

A)during binary fission.
B)for movement.
C)for adhering to surfaces.
D)during conjugation.
E)for gathering prey.

Question 14

Through which process are bacteria able to exchange genetic material?

A)endospore formation
B)photosynthesis
C)conjugation
D)sexual reproduction
E)anaerobic respiration

Question 15

Which of the following is within the size range of a typical prokaryote?

A)a cell 2 micrometers in diameter
B)a cell 25 micrometers in diameter
C)a cell 100 micrometers in diameter
D)a cell 700 micrometers long
E)a cell the size of the period at the end of this sentence

Question 16

In which of these environments would you normally find prokaryotes?

A)an animal's intestinal tract
B)a single drop of seawater
C)human skin
D)a spoonful of soil
E)everywhere

Question 17

Some bacteria use H2S instead of H2O in photosynthesis, and they release:

A)sulfur.
B)ethanol.
C)acetic acid.
D)carbon monoxide.
E)oxygen.

Question 18

Dental plaque is an example of:

A)an endospore.
B)a biofilm.
C)a cell membrane.
D)bacterial flagella.
E)beneficial bacteria.

Question 19

Which structure enables a bacterium to survive and infect a host even after a long period of desiccation?

A)protein coat
B)pili
C)capsule
D)slime layer
E)endospore

Question 20

Bacterial cell walls contain:

A)cellulose.
B)chitin.
C)peptidoglycan.
D)pectin.
E)starch.

Question 21

Which of the following consist of a protein coat surrounding a molecule of genetic material?

A)bacteria
B)prions
C)viruses
D)protists
E)archaea

Question 22

Which of the following is the dreaded "flesh-eating" bacterium?

A)Clostridium
B)Streptococcus
C)Borrelia burgdorferi
D)Yersinia
E)Escherichia coli

Question 23

Intestinal bacteria are necessary for plant-eating animals to digest:

A)lipids.
B)cellulose.
C)nitrogen.
D)carbon dioxide.
E)proteins.

Question 24

Which of the following causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome)?

A)viruses
B)bacteria
C)prions
D)viroids
E)archaea

Question 25

The causative agents of bubonic plague, which killed 100 million people during the 14th century, were:

A)rats.
B)fleas.
C)bacteria.
D)viruses.
E)fish.

Question 26

Lyme disease is caused by:

A)Clostridium botulinum.
B)Borellia burgdorferi.
C)contaminated water.
D)nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
E)rats.

Question 27

Which of the following is a normal inhabitant of a cow's digestive tract that can cause harm to people when it contaminates ground beef?

A)Clostridium tetani
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae
C)Borrelia burgdorferi
D)Yersinia pestis
E)Escherichia coli

Question 28

Which of the following plants contains nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules?

A)corn
B)soybeans
C)tomatoes
D)potatoes
E)oranges

Question 29

Currently, the most common cause of food-borne illness is:

A)Clostridium tetani.
B)Streptococcus pneumoniae.
C)Borrelia burgdorferi.
D)Campylobacter.
E)Escherichia coli.

Question 30

Disease-causing bacteria are called:

A)archaea.
B)protozoa.
C)viroids.
D)pathogens.
E)cyanobacteria.

Question 31

Short, circular strands of RNA that can cause plant diseases are called:

A)viruses.
B)bacteria.
C)prions.
D)viroids.
E)archaea.

Question 32

Strep throat is caused by Streptococcus, a type of:

A)virus.
B)bacteria.
C)prion.
D)viroid.
E)archaea.

Question 33

A virus basically consists of:

A)RNA or DNA and a membrane.
B)RNA or DNA and a protein coat.
C)proteins and a cell membrane.
D)RNA or DNA and enzymes.
E)enzymes and a protein coat.

Question 34

Legumes obtain a useful form of ________ from bacteria that live in root nodules.

A)carbon
B)oxygen
C)nitrogen
D)sulfur
E)hydrogen

Question 35

Through which process do bacteria recycle nutrients in the environment?

A)photosynthesis
B)binary fission
C)endospore formation
D)conjugation
E)decomposition

Question 36

To limit your risk from food-borne bacteria, you should:

A)cook foods thoroughly.
B)avoid refrigerating foods.
C)thaw frozen foods at room temperature.
D)keep foods at or above room temperature.
E)eat only uncooked eggs.

Question 37

The use of bacteria to break down pollutants is referred to as:

A)biosynthesis.
B)bioremediation.
C)nitrogen-fixation.
D)binary fission.
E)biofixation.

Question 38

Which of the following has no organelles, ribosomes, or cytoplasm?

A)a virus
B)a bacterium
C)a cyanobacterium
D)an alga
E)a plant

Question 39

Viruses that attack prokaryotes are called:

A)viroids.
B)prions.
C)bacteriophages.
D)host cells.
E)human pathogens.

Question 40

Oil spills are sprayed with bacterial cultures in order to:

A)kill the bacteria.
B)make the oil easier to wash away.
C)break down the oil.
D)prevent the oil from sticking to wildlife.
E)detoxify the oil.

Question 41

Herpes is caused by:

A)bacteria.
B)prions.
C)viruses.
D)viroids.
E)fungi.

Question 42

Which of the follow is not alive?

A)bacterium
B)virus
C)cyanobacterium
D)protist
E)plant

Question 43

Which is the correct sequence of viral replication?

A)genetic material replication → penetration → transcription → assembly → protein synthesis
B)penetration → transcription → assembly → genetic material replication → protein synthesis
C)penetration → genetic material replication → transcription → assembly → protein synthesis
D)penetration → genetic material replication → transcription → protein synthesis → assembly
E)transcription → penetration → genetic material replication → assembly → protein synthesis

Question 44

Rabies is caused by:

A)bacteria.
B)prions.
C)viruses.
D)viroids.
E)fungi.

Question 45

Viroids:

A)are infectious pieces of RNA.
B)are infectious pieces of DNA enclosed in a protein coat.
C)have a plasma membrane.
D)are infectious chains of amino acids.
E)attack bacteria.

Question 46

AIDS is caused by:

A)bacteria.
B)prions.
C)viruses.
D)viroids.
E)fungi.

Question 47

Which of the following causes infectious sores on the mucous membranes of the mouth that occur during times of stress?

A)Bacillus anthracis
B)Escherichia
C)herpes virus
D)Listeria
E)prions

Question 48

Antibiotics can be effective only against a:

A)virus.
B)prion.
C)viroid.
D)bacterium.

Question 49

Bacteria lack membrane-bound organelles. True or False?

Question 50

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by:

A)bacteria.
B)prions.
C)viruses.
D)viroids.
E)fungi.

Question 51

Avocado sunblotch is caused by:

A)bacteria.
B)prions.
C)viruses.
D)viroids.
E)fungi.

Question 52

Biofilms are the immune system's way to keep pathogens from colonizing a host. True or False?

Question 53

Prions are:

A)improperly folded proteins.
B)viral protein coats.
C)bacterial proteins.
D)also known as viroids.
E)sexually transmitted bacteria.

Question 54

Bacteria are multicellular microbes. True or False?

Question 55

The common cold is caused by:

A)bacteria.
B)prions.
C)viruses.
D)viroids.
E)fungi.

Question 56

For which of the following diseases or conditions should antibiotics be used?

A)smallpox
B)Lyme disease
C)AIDS (to combat HIV)
D)mad cow disease
E)a common cold

Question 57

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or mad cow disease, is caused by:

A)bacteria.
B)prions.
C)viruses.
D)viroids.
E)fungi.

Question 58

Bacterial endospores are easily damaged by heat and drying. True or False?

Question 59

Which virus attacks white blood cells?

A)rabies
B)influenza
C)herpes
D)HIV
E)smallpox

Question 60

Bacteria are able to increase their genetic variability by reproducing sexually. True or False?

Question 61

Many prokaryotes thrive in ________ environments, which lack oxygen.

Question 62

Unlike aerobic prokaryotes, anaerobic prokaryotes can obtain energy when ________ is not available.

Question 63

Lyme disease is caused by ________ that are transmitted to humans by deer ticks.

Question 64

Cyanobacteria are ________ prokaryotes.

Question 65

Kuru is caused by one of the archaea. True or False?

Question 66

Because viruses have limited genetic material, their mutation rates are very low. True or False?

Question 67

Anaerobic bacteria require high levels of oxygen to survive. True or False?

Question 68

Cyanobacteria are obtain energy through ________.

Question 69

Organisms that produce disease are pathogens. True or False?

Question 70

Some archaea can live in boiling water. True or False?

Question 71

All bacteria are harmful to humans. True or False?

Question 72

Smallpox is caused by infected rats. True or False?

Question 73

Prions contain only protein. True or False?

Question 74

Humans can eat live cultures of some bacteria without getting sick. True or False?

Question 75

Bioremediation is the process in which bacteria digest plants and release oily toxins. True or False?

Question 76

The largest prokaryote is ________.

Question 77

The bacterial cell wall contains ________.

Question 78

Viruses contain both DNA and RNA. True or False?

Question 79

The classifications gram-positive and gram-negative are based on ________.

Question 80

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria remove nitrogen from plants and return it to the soil. True or False?