Deck 9: The Continuity of Life: Cellular Reproduction

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction in eukaryotes?

A)budding in Hydra
B)binary fission in Escherichia coli
C)meiosis in plants
D)the union of sperm and egg in sea urchins

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Genetic inheritance is based on the "blueprint" of:

A)DNA.
B)proteins.
C)enzymes.
D)mRNA.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

All of the following may be found in a DNA nucleotide EXCEPT:

A)deoxyribose.
B)adenine.
C)thymine.
D)phospholipid.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In DNA, phosphate binds to:

A)adenine.
B)ribose.
C)deoxyribose.
D)other phosphate molecules.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about stem cells is TRUE?

A)They are found only in embryos.
B)They are able to differentiate into a variety of cell types.
C)They are found only in embryos and in the bone marrow of adults.
D)They are "perpetual" parent cells that never produce daughter cells.
E)They are permanently differentiated and cannot further divide.

Question 6

In prokaryotes, the term "binary fission" specifically refers to:

A)asexual reproduction.
B)the attachment of replicated DNA to the plasma membrane.
C)the growth phase of the cell cycle.
D)the addition of a new plasma membrane between what will become two daughter cells.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct structure of a nucleotide?

A)phosphate-sugar-base
B)base-sugar-base
C)phosphate-sugar-phosphate
D)phospholipid-base-sugar

Question 8

Under ideal conditions, the prokaryotic cell cycle can:

A)occur in less than a half an hour.
B)skip binary fission.
C)involve sexual reproduction.
D)create more than two daughter cells per cell division.

Question 9

The genetic material in bacteria consists of:

A)several circular DNA molecules.
B)one circular RNA molecule.
C)many rod-like DNA molecules with protein.
D)one circular DNA molecule.
E)DNA in mitochondria.

Question 10

How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes differ?

A)Prokaryotic chromosomes are not made from nucleotides.
B)Eukaryotic chromosomes occur singly, and prokaryotic chromosomes occur as pairs.
C)Prokaryotic chromosomes are not contained in a membrane-bound organelle.
D)Genetic information is stored as DNA in eukaryotic cells and as proteins in prokaryotic cells.

Question 11

The repeating sequence of cells dividing, growing, and dividing again is called:

A)stem cell differentiation.
B)the cell cycle.
C)homologous differentiation.
D)cloning.

Question 12

In prokaryotes, the daughter cells produced by binary fission:

A)contain half the DNA of the original parent cell.
B)are, with the exception of random mutations, genetically identical to the parent cell.
C)cannot replicate themselves.
D)can reproduce either by binary fission or by the production of gametes.

Question 13

Which of the following are permanently differentiated cells?

A)stem cells
B)bone marrow cells
C)most brain cells
D)newly formed daughter cells

Question 14

In prokaryotes, the DNA strand is:

A)more than 1.8 meters (6 feet)long when uncoiled.
B)circular.
C)single-stranded.
D)not made of deoxyribose.

Question 15

When a cell divides via asexual reproduction:

A)each daughter cell receives a nearly perfect copy of the parent cell's genetic information.
B)each daughter cell receives exactly half the genetic information in the parent cell.
C)each daughter cell receives the same amount of genetic information that was in the parent cell, but it has been altered.
D)the genetic information is randomly parceled out to the daughter cells.

Question 16

Each of your body cells:

A)contains unique genetic information.
B)contains only the genetic information needed for that type of cell.
C)is genetically identical to all others.
D)changes genetically as you grow and develop.

Question 17

During cell division, all of the following typically occur EXCEPT:

A)two daughter cells are produced from one parent cell.
B)each daughter contains half of the cytoplasm from the parent cell.
C)each daughter cell receives half of the hereditary information in the parent cell.
D)the hereditary information is identical in both parent and daughter cells.

Question 18

The DNA in a chromosome most resembles:

A)a pleated sheet.
B)beads on a string.
C)a straight road.
D)a spiral staircase.

Question 19

What is the longest-lasting phase of the prokaryotic cell cycle?

A)meiosis
B)binary fission
C)cell growth
D)fusion of the plasma membrane at the cell equator

Question 20

A bacterial cell splits into two new cells by a process called:

A)duplication.
B)forming a cell plate.
C)forming a cell furrow.
D)mitosis.
E)binary fission.

Question 21

How many nucleotides are in a human chromosome?

A)two
B)four
C)thousands
D)millions

Question 22

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does DNA and chromosome replication occur?

A)the S phase of interphase
B)the G1 phase of interphase
C)the mitotic phase
D)cytokinesis

Question 23

A photograph of all the stained, prepared chromosomes in a eukaryotic cell is referred to as a:

A)centromere.
B)chromatid.
C)telomere.
D)karyotype.

Question 24

In a eukaryotic cell that is undergoing cell division, what will become a new chromosome?

A)a centromere
B)a chromatid
C)a locus
D)a telomere

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?

A)anaphase
B)prophase
C)metaphase
D)telophase

Question 26

Which of the following is the correct sequence of stages in mitotic cell division?

A)anaphase-telophase-prophase-metaphase
B)prophase-metaphase-anaphase-telophase
C)metaphase-prophase-anaphase-telophase
D)telophase-anaphase-prophase-metaphase

Question 27

Which type of eukaryotic cell contains two types of each chromosome?

A)a diploid cell
B)a gamete
C)a haploid cell
D)a meiotically produced cell

Question 28

In a typical human body cell, how many sex chromosomes are there?

A)1
B)2
C)23
D)46

Question 29

Which of the following is the longest?

A)a condensed prokaryotic chromosome
B)an uncondensed prokaryotic chromosome
C)a condensed eukaryotic chromosome
D)an uncondensed eukaryotic chromosome

Question 30

What is the function of the histones that are found in a chromosome?

A)They bind nucleotides together to form a single strand of DNA.
B)They contain the genes that code for various traits.
C)They bind the DNA into a supercoiled structure.
D)They hold the DNA strands together in a form called the double helix.

Question 31

During which phase of mitosis do the centromeres line up along the cell equator?

A)anaphase
B)prophase
C)metaphase
D)telophase

Question 32

The sex-determining chromosomes of a human male are the:

A)X and Y chromosomes.
B)Y and Z chromosomes.
C)Y and Y chromosomes.
D)X and X chromosomes.
E)Z and Z chromosomes.

Question 33

The site on a chromosome where microtubules attach during cell division is the:

A)histone.
B)locus.
C)telomere.
D)chromatid.
E)centromere.

Question 34

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes condense?

A)anaphase
B)prophase
C)metaphase
D)telophase

Question 35

Which of the following organisms does not reproduce its cells by mitosis and cytokinesis?

A)a cow
B)a bacterium
C)a mushroom
D)a cockroach
E)a banana tree

Question 36

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle do growth and nutrient acquisition occur?

A)the S phase of interphase
B)the G1 phase of interphase
C)the mitotic phase
D)cytokinesis

Question 37

In a typical human body cell, how many chromosomes are there?

A)1
B)2
C)23
D)46

Question 38

All of the following eukaryotes use mitotic cell division as a means of reproduction EXCEPT:

A)aspen trees.
B)Amoeba.
C)Hydra.
D)Paramecium.
E)domestic dogs.

Question 39

Meiotic cell division occurs in the ________ and results in the production of ________.

A)body cells; daughter cells
B)body cells; parent cells
C)reproductive tissues; gametes
D)testes and ovaries; diploid cells

Question 40

The two ends of a single chromosome are called:

A)genes.
B)loci.
C)telomeres.
D)chromatids.
E)centromeres.

Question 41

Nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?

A)anaphase
B)prophase
C)metaphase
D)telophase

Question 42

The protein-containing structure on the centromere where microtubules attach is called the:

A)cell plate.
B)spindle.
C)centriole.
D)kinetochore.

Question 43

One difference between mitotic cell division in animal cells and plant cells is that:

A)plant cells do not undergo anaphase.
B)animal cells do not undergo telophase.
C)in animal cells, cytokinesis occurs as vesicles deposit carbohydrates along the equator.
D)in plant cells, cytokinesis occurs as vesicles deposit carbohydrates along the equator.
E)cytokinesis occurs in animal cells but has not yet been observed in plant cells.

Question 44

Which of the following is the correct sequence in a cyclin-Cdk pathway?

A)growth factor-receptor-cyclin-Cdk-DNA replication
B)growth factor-receptor-Cdk-cyclin-DNA replication
C)growth factor-cyclin-Cdk-receptor-DNA replication
D)receptor-cyclin-Cdk-growth factor-DNA replication

Question 45

If a mammal is born without the ability to produce EGF (epidermal growth factor), then its:

A)licked wounds will heal faster than usual.
B)Cdk's will not function properly.
C)normal rate of cyclin production will not be affected.
D)cell cycles will not contain the proper checkpoints.

Question 46

What occurs immediately following cytokinesis?

A)anaphase
B)prophase
C)telophase
D)the G1 portion of interphase

Question 47

Growth factors stimulate:

A)cyclin production.
B)the cell to skip the S and G1 phases of interphase and undergo mitosis directly.
C)Cdk's to synthesize enzymes that digest cyclins.
D)the cell to ignore the checkpoints of the cell cycle.

Question 48

Kinetochores attach:

A)chromosomes to each other.
B)sister chromatids to each other.
C)chromosomes to ribosomes.
D)chromatids to spindle microtubules.

Question 49

Sexual reproduction allows for:

A)clones of parent cells to be produced more quickly and efficiently than does binary fission.
B)random mutations to occur at a faster rate than does asexual reproduction.
C)greater genetic diversity in offspring, compared to asexual reproduction.
D)haploid individuals to pass their genes on to the next generation.

Question 50

Kinases are responsible for the addition of ________ to other proteins.

A)nitrogen
B)cyclin
C)phosphorus
D)phosphate

Question 51

During which phase of mitosis does cytokinesis occur?

A)anaphase
B)prophase
C)metaphase
D)telophase

Question 52

In eukaryotes, gametes are produced by:

A)binary fission.
B)budding.
C)mitosis.
D)meiosis.

Question 53

In animal cells, spindle microtubules originate from structures called:

A)cyclins.
B)centrioles.
C)chromatids.
D)histones.

Question 54

Which of the following occurs during meiosis?

A)Haploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.
B)Diploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes.
C)Haploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from diploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes.
D)Diploid nuclei with paired chromosomes are produced from haploid parent nuclei with unpaired chromosomes.

Question 55

What would be a consequence of a mutation that disables the production of Cdk's?

A)Cyclins would not be produced.
B)Cell-cycle control would not be possible.
C)The nuclear envelope would disintegrate.
D)Telomere length would be shortened significantly.

Question 56

Which phase of mitosis is a "preparatory" step involving the development of spindle microtubules?

A)anaphase
B)prophase
C)metaphase
D)telophase

Question 57

The "Pac-Man" activity of motor proteins as they gobble up and shorten the microtubules occurs during which phase of mitosis?

A)anaphase
B)prophase
C)metaphase
D)telophase

Question 58

The different forms of a gene-for example, those responsible for eye color-are called:

A)cyclins.
B)alleles.
C)telomeres.
D)sister chromatids.
E)receptors.

Question 59

Cancer is essentially:

A)the binding of cyclins and Cdk's.
B)a never-ending repetition of the S phase of the cell cycle.
C)unregulated mitotic cell division.
D)the creation of extra checkpoints in the cell cycle.

Question 60

Cdk's are activated only when they bind to:

A)cytosine.
B)cyclin.
C)chromatids.
D)centrioles.

Question 61

In a haploid daughter cell produced by meiosis, the homologous chromosomes have:

A)multiplied.
B)mutated.
C)separated.
D)remained attached.

Question 62

In eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are composed of both DNA and proteins. True or False?

Question 63

In meiosis, sister chromatids separate during:

A)cytokinesis.
B)prophase I.
C)prophase II.
D)anaphase I.
E)anaphase II.

Question 64

How does anaphase of mitosis differ from anaphase I of meiosis?

A)In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids separate, but in anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate.
B)In anaphase of mitosis, homologous chromosomes separate, but in anaphase I of meiosis, sister chromatids separate.
C)Sister chromatids do not separate in mitosis, but in anaphase I of meiosis, sister chromosomes do separate.
D)In anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids join together, but in anaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes join together.

Question 65

How many haploid cells are produced by one diploid cell during meiosis?

A)one
B)two
C)four
D)8 million

Question 66

In flowering plants, pollen represents the:

A)haploid stage.
B)diploid stage.
C)zygote.

Question 67

Chiasmata are the locations of:

A)meiosis.
B)mitosis.
C)crossing over.
D)sister chromatid attachment.

Question 68

During meiosis, the cytokinesis that follows telophase II results in:

A)two haploid cells.
B)four haploid cells.
C)two diploid cells.
D)four diploid cells.

Question 69

In the alternation of generations life cycle, adults are:

A)haploid only.
B)diploid only.
C)haploid or diploid.
D)neither haploid nor diploid.

Question 70

Mutations may be detrimental, beneficial, or neutral to the cell or organism in which they occur. True or False?

Question 71

All of the following are expected to result in genetic variation among offspring EXCEPT:

A)mutations.
B)crossing over.
C)random assortment of parental chromosomes.
D)binary fission.

Question 72

Which of the following is represented by ferns and other plants?

A)haploid life cycle
B)diploid life cycle
C)alternation of generations

Question 73

Eukaryotic chromosomes are made up of only DNA. True or False?

Question 74

How many daughter cells are produced from each parent cell during meiosis?

A)one
B)two
C)four
D)millions

Question 75

When gametes fuse during fertilization, a(n)________ is produced.

A)egg
B)sperm
C)zygote
D)haploid individual

Question 76

Which of the following is represented by birds?

A)haploid life cycle
B)diploid life cycle
C)alternation of generations

Question 77

Most prokaryotes reproduce via a form of asexual reproduction called binary fission. True or False?

Question 78

What is a major difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A)Meiosis produces two daughter cells instead of the four daughter cells produced in mitosis.
B)Meiosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, whereas mitosis produces genetically variable daughter cells.
C)Mitosis produces daughter cells, whereas meiosis produces parent cells.
D)Meiosis produces haploid cells, whereas mitosis produces diploid cells.

Question 79

During meiosis, maternal and paternal chromosomes can exchange genetic material at sites called:

A)chiasmata.
B)centrioles.
C)centromeres.
D)chromatids.

Question 80

The uncoiled DNA in a eukaryotic cell is much longer than the cell itself. True or False?