Question 1

Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?&#10;A) Mammogram&#10;B) Smoking cessation&#10;C) Safe sex counseling&#10;D) Diabetic meal planning class

Accepted Answer

Tertiary prevention strategies focus on minimizing the damaging effects of a disease or injury once it occurs. Preventing complications and helping people achieve their highest quality of life regardless of their health circumstances is the goal of tertiary health promotion strategies such as diabetic meal planning. Primary prevention strategies emphasize taking proactive actions that can prevent targeted conditions, such as safe sex counseling and smoking cessation. Secondary prevention strategies focus on early disease detection through regular health screenings for prostate cancer, osteoporosis, and diabetes; regular mammograms and pap smears for women; periodic colonoscopies; and blood pressure screenings.

Question 2

A patient visits the wound clinic for treatment of an infected non-healing leg ulcer. The nurse recognizes the patient is in the precontemplation stage of change. When interacting with this patient, the nurse should include which intervention?

A) Providing the patient with informational feedback to raise awareness of the health problem and health risks involved.
B) Allowing open discussion related to the pros and cons of changing the patient's current behavior towards wound healing.
C) Assisting the patient in justifying a positive commitment toward making healthier lifestyle changes.
D) Helping the patient in choosing the best course of action to take in resolving the current problem.

Accepted Answer

In the precontemplation stage of change, a suggested approach is to raise doubt by giving informational feedback to raise awareness of a problem and health risks. None of the other options are consistent with the goals of this stage of change.

Question 3

The personal values and beliefs in one's ability to achieve health behavior changes is known by what term?&#10;A) social incentive.&#10;B) self-efficacy.&#10;C) cognitive motivator.&#10;D) physical motivator.

Accepted Answer

Education and counseling for health promotion can include information on risk factors or behaviors impacting health and ways to address negative social, economic, and environmental determinants of health. A health promotion format considers a person's personal values and beliefs about his or her ability to achieve health behavior changes (self-efficacy) as part of patient assessment. Social incentive, cognitive motivator, and physical motivator are motivating factors.

Question 4

Which guideline for teaching should the nurse implement when working with a low-literacy patient?&#10;A) Teach the largest amount possible in each teaching session.&#10;B) Sequence key behavior information last when teaching the patient.&#10;C) Use symbols and images with which the patient is familiar.&#10;D) Use words that are abstract and provide teaching in long sentences.

Accepted Answer

Educationally disadvantaged or functionally illiterate people are interested in learning, but nurses need to adapt teaching situations to accommodate literacy learning differences. Marks (2009) suggests having written materials modified to six- to eighth-grade reading levels and providing lists of key instructions for use after visits. Using symbols and images with which the patient is familiar helps overcome the barriers of low literacy. Taking the time to understand the patient's use of words and phrases provides the nurse with concrete words and ideas that can be used as building blocks in helping the patient understand difficult health-related concepts. Otherwise, the patient may misunderstand what the nurse is saying. It is also important to check with the patient about the environmental infrastructure needed to implement self-management strategies. Don't assume that the patient understands the implications of a clinical recommendation.

Question 5

When caring for patients, the nurse recognizes that which statement is true related to developmental level?&#10;A) Developmental level affects only teaching strategies.&#10;B) Most patients are at the beginning level of the learning spectrum.&#10;C) Developmental learning capacity is primarily age related.&#10;D) Social and emotional development does not always parallel cognitive maturity.

Accepted Answer

Social and emotional development does not always parallel cognitive maturity. Developmental level affects both teaching strategies and subject content. Patients are at all levels of the learning spectrum with regard to their social, emotional, and cognitive development. Developmental learning capacity is not always age related.

Question 6

Which strategy in health education does the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommend?&#10;A) Using a standardized teaching format&#10;B) Eliminating established behaviors&#10;C) Offering limited information regarding the purpose of interventions&#10;D) Suggesting small changes rather than large ones

Accepted Answer

Recommendations of the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force include suggesting small changes and baby steps rather than large ones. The task force also recommends framing the teaching to match the patient's perceptions, linking new behaviors to old behaviors, adding new behaviors rather than eliminating established behaviors whenever possible, and fully informing patients of the purposes and expected outcomes of interventions and when to expect these new effects.

Question 7

A patient who has an elevation in serum cholesterol continues to eat red meat and fried foods. Which stage of change is this patient experiencing?&#10;A) Determination&#10;B) Action&#10;C) Precontemplation&#10;D) Contemplation

Accepted Answer

In the precontemplation stage, a person either doesn't see a health problem, even though it may be obvious to others, or doesn't have any intention of modifying it in the foreseeable future. This behavior is not noted in any of the other stages.

Question 8

Which of the following is the best intervention for a patient who is illiterate?&#10;A) Speak loudly and clearly.&#10;B) Use symbols and images.&#10;C) Personalize speech by using first name.&#10;D) Use touch with speech.

Accepted Answer

Using symbols and images with which the patient is familiar helps overcome the barriers of low literacy. The patient with low literacy is not necessarily hard of hearing. Personalizing speech by using first name and using touch with speech do not help with understanding.

Question 9

A patient, who is recovering from a second myocardial infarction refuses to give up smoking, stating, "I've smoked so long now there's no point quitting as the damage is done." This statement is best understood in the context of which of the following?

A) Social learning theory
B) Pender's health promotion model
C) The transtheoretical model of change
D) Healthy People 2010

Accepted Answer

Pender's health promotion model serves as a guide for planning successful education with individuals and targeted high-risk groups. A person's capacity to absorb and use health promotion information depends to a large degree on what the person believes about his or her health and the extent to which personal actions will influence their health. In social learning theory, motivation is a fundamental component of learning readiness. Motivation to change is a state of readiness that fluctuates. Healthy People 2010 represents the health promotion agenda for the nation.

Question 10

A patient requires teaching about a newly prescribed medication. The nurse recognizes that to support the learning process, the teaching process should include what?&#10;A) All interested parties should be included in the teaching process.&#10;B) Only immediate family members can be legally included in the teaching process.&#10;C) The preferred communication style is determined by the preference of the nurse.&#10;D) The primary focus is the American cultural recognition of learning needs.

Accepted Answer

In many cultures, the family assumes a primary role in care of the patient even when the patient is physically and emotionally capable of self-care. Including them, and especially those expected to support the learning process of the patient from the outset, in all aspects of health teaching for health promotion is important. The culturally sensitive nurse develops knowledge of the preferred communication style of different cultural groups and uses this knowledge in choosing teaching strategies. Patient motivation and participation increase with the use of indigenous teachers and cultural recognition of learning needs.

Question 11

The concept of well-being consists entirely of what personal ability?&#10;A) Producing an income.&#10;B) Performing activities of daily living.&#10;C) Possessing life satisfaction.&#10;D) Partnering with a health professional.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The concept of well-being consists entirely of...

Question 12

When conducting an initial assessment, a patient informs the nurse about difficulty getting to doctors' appointments due to lack of transportation. When considering examples of PRECEDE Diagnostic Behavioral Factors, the nurse recognizes this as what type of factor?

A) Reinforcing factor
B) Epidemiologic factor
C) Enabling factor
D) Predisposing factor

Accepted Answer

The answer of When conducting an initial assessment, a patient...

Question 13

Precede components of the Precede/Proceed Model of Health Promotion include which of the following?&#10;A) Social diagnosis&#10;B) Epidemiological diagnosis&#10;C) Implementation&#10;D) Outcome evaluation&#10;E) Educational and organizational diagnosis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Precede components of the Precede/Proceed Model of...

Question 14

A patient has just completed an alcohol detoxification program. The patient has recently experienced the loss of his wife and has been having difficulties at work. The patient has some serious health effects from long-term alcohol abuse, including elevated serum liver enzymes. The patient states, "Alcohol is ruining my life; I will do anything to quit drinking." What is the nurse's primary, initial intervention while the client is in the preparational stage of change?

A) Asking the patient what kinds of changes will be needed in order to stop the abuse of alcohol.
B) Discussing the patient's elevated serum liver enzymes and the predictive consequences of serious health problems, including premature death.
C) Asking the patient to describe what life would be like without alcohol.
D) Reminding the patient that abstinent from drinking, allows liver tests to significantly improve.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient has just completed an alcohol...

Question 15

A 3-year-old child is having surgery tomorrow. What preoperative teaching strategy should the nurse use to ensure effective learning?&#10;A) Encouraging self-directed learning.&#10;B) Involving parents in teaching.&#10;C) Allowing the child to touch and play with all equipment.&#10;D) Incorporating previous life experience.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A 3-year-old child is having surgery tomorrow....

Question 16

The patient states, &#34;I have emphysema, so I have enrolled in a smoking cessation program.&#34; According to Prochaska's stages of change, the patient is in which of the following stages?&#10;A) Action&#10;B) Determination&#10;C) Precontemplation&#10;D) Contemplation

Accepted Answer

The answer of The patient states, &#34;I have emphysema, so...

Question 17

A obsess patient is admitted to the hospital for shortness of breath. Which of the following statements by the nurse reflects Bandura's social theory?&#10;A) &#34;Your cardiac studies reveal an enlarged heart. This is a sign of cardiac problems.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;I know you love to eat, but your current lifestyle is not conducive to good health.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;Can you remember what it was like to get up and go to work every day? Your buddies miss you.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;If you were to lose weight, you would no longer experience shortness of breath. Just think about how much better you would feel to breathe normally.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A obsess patient is admitted to the...

Question 18

What intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care for a patient newly diagnosed with diabetes who requires teaching about self-administration of insulin?&#10;A) Encourage passive involvement of the learner during instruction.&#10;B) Delay practicing essential skills until patient expresses an interest in such.&#10;C) Implement visual demonstration as the primary method of instruction.&#10;D) Encourage teach-back feedback when demonstrating new skills.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What intervention should the nurse include in...

Deck 14: Communication Strategies for Health Promotion, and Disease Prevention