Deck 14: Adolescence: Biosocial Development

Question 1

The boys most likely to become depressed during adolescence are those for whom puberty was both _____ and quick.

Answer 1

early

Question 2

The first ejaculation of seminal fluid is called _____.

Answer 2

spermarche

Question 3

During the _____, first there is an increase in weight, then an increase in height, and finally an increase in muscles.

Answer 3

growth spurt

Question 4

_____ is a hormone that peaks in puberty and stimulates appetite.

Question 5

Differentiate between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Name three symptoms that must be present for a diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and three symptoms that must be present for a diagnosis of bulimia nervosa.

Question 6

Compared to a century ago, adolescent sexual activity is now more hazardous because four factors have changed. Identify two of the four factors that have changed.

Question 7

The years of physical growth and sexual maturation that end childhood is called _____.

Question 8

The first menstrual period is called _____ and on average occurs at about 12 years, 4 months of age.

Question 9

Discuss the relationship between stress and puberty onset. Mention at least three stress factors as well as research findings on why this link may exist.

Question 10

_____ increases the hormones that trigger the onset of puberty, especially if a child's parents are, for example, sick, drug-addicted, or divorced.

Question 11

Adolescents experience a disruption in their sleep-wake cycles, altering their _____.

Question 12

Describe the secular trend in puberty.

Question 13

State five problems with modern adolescents' nutrition.

Question 14

Name the two main sex hormones. State four kinds of changes that occur as the result of sex hormone production.

Question 15

State two physical and two cultural factors that make the typical adolescent boy or girl feel dissatisfied with his or her appearance.

Question 16

Girls who develop _____ than their friends tend to have lower self-esteem than peers.

Question 17

Name three specific reasons why an 18-year-old boy is likely to outperform even the most athletic 13-year-old boy in sports such as swimming, tennis, and skiing.

Question 18

Sexual development before the age of 8 is called _____ puberty.

Question 19

What is the difference between primary and secondary sex characteristics? Name at least three of each type of characteristic for either gender.

Question 20

Both males and females have _____, but it is the primary female sex hormone.

Question 21

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

A) menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development
B) nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche
C) the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development
D) the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche

Question 22

Any disease transmitted through sexual contact is a(n) _____.

Question 23

As a result of the development of the _____ prior to the prefrontal cortex, adolescents are generally ruled more by emotion than logic.

Question 24

Breast development and voice change during adolescence are examples of changes called _____ sex characteristics.

Question 25

Eunice couldn't wait to get on her boyfriend's motorcycle, knowing that they would blast 80 miles per hour down the expressway. As a 15-year-old, her limbic system was more developed than her _____, so she sought the thrill without thinking of the possible consequences.

Question 26

Only 16 percent of high school seniors eat the recommended amount of _____ each day.

Question 27

The developed country with the highest rate of teen births is _____.

Question 28

Adolescents are less susceptible to respiratory ailments because of a decrease in the size of the lymphoid system and the increased growth of the _____.

Question 29

The condition characterized by self-starvation is known as _____.

Question 30

The developing _____ during adolescence helps explain why executive function is better in adults than in young adolescents.

Question 31

The feature that is characteristic of _____ involves overeating compulsively followed by purging via vomiting or the use of laxatives.

Question 32

Menarche is _____.

A) the beginning of growth of the uterus
B) the first ovulation of a mature egg
C) a girl's first menstrual period
D) the first year of menstruation

Question 33

The first outward sign of puberty in a typical girl is _____.

A) an increase in weight
B) the development of muscular strength
C) a spurt in height
D) the onset of nipple growth

Question 34

The period when children's bodies become adult in terms of size, shape, and sexuality is called _____.

A) puberty
B) youth
C) the growth spurt
D) secondary sex development

Question 35

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as 8 years of age or as late as _____ years of age.

A) 18
B) 16
C) 14
D) 13

Question 36

A teen with a negative _____ feels insecure about the way he or she looks, which often leads to dieting and poor nutrition.

Question 37

The _____ system reaches full maturation before the prefrontal cortex, which makes strong, immediate sensations extremely attractive to teens.

Question 38

Because of diets containing too little _____ from beverages like milk, many of today's teenagers will develop osteoporosis later in life.

Question 39

Nancy, age 12, has just experienced a sudden growth spurt. According to the usual sequence of puberty, soon she will notice _____.

A) initial pubic hair growth
B) breast development
C) her hips growing wider
D) an increase in her shoe size

Question 40

Child _____ is any erotic activity that arouses an adult and excites, shames, or confuses a child.

Question 41

The sequence of puberty hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located above the kidneys is known as the _____.

A) HAG pathway
B) HAP pathway
C) HPG axis
D) HPA axis

Question 42

Since he entered puberty, Barry has been staying awake late at night and craving sleep in the mornings. His parents should realize that this _____.

A) means that he needs professional help
B) means that he is trying to avoid them
C) is due to changes in his brain
D) is due to hormonal shifts

Question 43

For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

A) growth of the testes, initial pubic-hair growth, growth of the penis, and spermarche
B) growth of the testes, growth of the penis, initial pubic-hair growth, and spermarche
C) spermarche, growth of the testes, growth of the penis, and initial pubic-hair growth
D) initial pubic-hair growth, growth of the testes, spermarche, and growth of the penis

Question 44

Statistically, which student is likely to fall asleep during class?

A) Ariel, age 5
B) Wilhelm, age 8
C) Allen, age 11
D) Rose, age 14

Question 45

Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called _____.

A) the HPA axis
B) the brain stem
C) hormones
D) adrenal glands

Question 46

What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone?

A) human growth hormones
B) follicle-stimulating hormones
C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone
D) cortisol

Question 47

Peak fertility occurs several _____ activated gonads produce mature ova and sperm.

A) weeks before
B) weeks after
C) months after
D) years after

Question 48

The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the _____.

A) biorhythm
B) night-day cycle
C) sleep cycle
D) circadian rhythm

Question 49

At adolescence, the pituitary activates the _____, which are the ovaries in females and testicles in males.

A) gonads
B) pituitary glands
C) adrenal glands
D) sex glands

Question 50

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's _____.

A) gonads
B) penis or uterus
C) adrenal glands
D) hypothalamus

Question 51

_____ are the sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by males than females.

A) Progesterones
B) Androgens
C) Estrogens
D) Adrenalines

Question 52

Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus?

A) adrenals
B) testes
C) pituitary
D) gonads

Question 53

The correct sequence of puberty hormone production that starts in the brain and ends with glands located above the kidneys is the _____.

A) hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis
B) pituitary-adrenal-hypothalamus axis
C) adrenal-hypothalamus-pituitary axis
D) pituitary-hypothalamus-adrenal axis

Question 54

The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the _____.

A) cerebellum
B) hypothalamus
C) hippocampus
D) ovaries or testes

Question 55

The first ejaculation of seminal fluid is known as _____.

A) penis growth
B) spermarche
C) first intercourse
D) pubic hair

Question 56

Bill, age 11, noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next pubertal event will probably be _____.

A) beard development
B) penis growth
C) spermarche
D) voice change

Question 57

For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs _____.

A) when facial hair first appears
B) after the peak growth spurt
C) following growth of the penis
D) when the final pubic hair pattern is established

Question 58

A school schedule that begins at _____ and ends at 4:10 P.M. would be the best fit for adolescent sleep patterns.

A) 6:00 A.M.
B) 7:00 A.M.
C) 8:00 A.M.
D) 9:00 A.M.

Question 59

Henry is an adolescent who experiences sleep deprivation, which makes him more likely to experience _____.

A) mental alertness
B) self-awareness
C) mood disorders
D) reduced stress hormones

Question 60

The gland that produces the hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands is the _____.

A) pituitary
B) gonad
C) hypothalamus
D) thyroid

Question 61

When their _____ through puberty is a determining factor in whether an adolescent experiences their own pubertal maturation as early or late.

A) friends go
B) siblings go
C) grandparents went
D) parents went

Question 62

During the adolescent growth spurt, what is the last part(s) of the body to grow?

A) limbs
B) torso
C) ears
D) feet

Question 63

Later high school start times have been associated with _____.

A) more adolescent depression
B) lower grades
C) less student absenteeism
D) decreased college attendance

Question 64

Which factor has been associated with early maturation among girls?

A) less depression
B) high self-esteem
C) less alcohol use
D) poor body image

Question 65

Research indicates that female children who experienced a great deal of _____ while very young also experienced early puberty.

A) attention
B) stress
C) exercise
D) starvation

Question 66

The average age of the onset of puberty has changed over time. Assuming that they are typical for their sex and their time period, which of the following individuals was the oldest when he or she started puberty?

A) Lewis, born in 1910
B) Allen, born in 1950
C) Rita, born in 1975
D) Ted, born in 1990

Question 67

Which hormone affects appetite, energy, and puberty?

A) estrogen
B) cortisol
C) lipid
D) leptin

Question 68

Which statement about the correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females is correct?

A) There is no correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females.
B) There is a positive correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females.
C) There is a negative correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females.
D) There is a correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty only among female adolescents who are Native American.

Question 69

In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with _____.

A) girls choosing to date younger boys
B) girls entering into early, nurturing relationships
C) aggression and antisocial behavior in boys
D) boys becoming leaders in their schools

Question 70

While visiting an exhibit on seventeenth-century life, Hannah noticed that the adult clothing and shoes seemed to be quite small. The curator explained that current generations are taller than past generations due to _____.

A) the secular trend
B) obesity
C) genetic predisposition
D) more exercise

Question 71

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is _____.

A) lengthening of the torso
B) increased muscle mass
C) growth of arms and legs
D) growth of fingers and toes

Question 72

Family conflict and stress _____.

A) may contribute to an early onset of puberty
B) may contribute to a late onset of puberty
C) typically increases after the onset of puberty
D) typically decreases after the onset of puberty

Question 73

William was an early-maturing boy in the 1930s. William would have been predicted to _____.

A) be aggressive as an adolescent
B) be a school leader as an adolescent
C) use alcohol as an adolescent
D) have an older romantic relationship partner

Question 74

Latisha experienced menarche when she was 7 years old. She experienced _____.

A) precocious puberty
B) abnormal hormonal fluctuations
C) preterm menarche
D) excessively high levels of androgens

Question 75

Statistically, which adolescent will experience menarche first?

A) Michelle, who is European American
B) Cecilia, who is Hispanic American
C) Rebecca, who is African American
D) Maria, who is Chinese American

Question 76

Ellie is 10 years old and well into puberty. She will probably experience _____.

A) welcome attention from boys her age
B) pride that she is ahead of her friends
C) teasing from boys her age
D) a better body image than her peers

Question 77

About two-thirds of the variation in age of puberty is determined by _____.

A) environment
B) genes
C) parenting
D) diet

Question 78

Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon?

A) the secular trend
B) evolution
C) genetic predisposition
D) generational trend

Question 79

Jill learned in health class that _____ is a hormone that is necessary for puberty.

A) estrogen
B) cortisol
C) lipid
D) leptin

Question 80

Evolutionary theory suggests that the relationship between childhood stress and onset of puberty exists to _____.

A) delay childbearing in strife-filled environments
B) encourage stressed youth to take more risks
C) ensure that reproduction occurs early in stress-filled environments
D) ease the transition to adulthood for individuals who need to grow up fast