Deck 14: Global Food and Nutrition Security: Challenges and Opportunities

Question 1

Sustainable development involves meeting basic human needs for food, clean water, shelter, health care services, and education.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The direct costs of hunger include the loss of productivity and income due to problems associated with chronic hunger.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Approximately three billion people live in extreme poverty, or on less than $1.25 per day.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

GOBI is a child survival plan set forth by the USDA.

Question 5

Food insecurity was once viewed as a problem of overpopulation and inadequate food production, but now many people recognize it as a problem of poverty.

Question 6

The global prevalence of iodine deficiency has been halved because of a sustained effort to add iodine to the world's household salt.

Question 7

Kwashiorkor describes a condition of severe emaciation from energy deficiency with chronic wasting of fat, muscle, and other tissues, also known as starvation.

Question 8

The most widespread form of malnutrition in the world today is protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).

Question 9

Oral rehydration therapy involves the administration of a solution that mothers can access for a small fee after its components are sent to their local area.

Question 10

The green revolution describes giving people a meaningful opportunity to produce food for local consumption.

Question 11

A potential risk of using genetically modified crops is that they are often tolerant of poor environmental conditions.

Question 12

The United Nations projects the world population to be 11 billion by 2050.

Question 13

Food insecurity is a product of poverty resulting from the ways in which governments and businesses manage national and international economies.

Question 14

Debt and trade are closely related to the progress a country can make toward achieving adequate diets for its people.

Question 15

​Nutrition security requires that all people have access to a variety of nutritious foods and potable drinking water.

Question 16

Fertile farmlands are often controlled by multinational corporations that hire indigenous people for below-subsistence wages to grow crops to be exported for profit, leaving little fertile land on which the local farmers can grow food.

Question 17

In developing countries, mothers are advised to continue breastfeeding for up to two years.

Question 18

Central America is the region with the highest prevalence of hunger-where one in four people are undernourished.

Question 19

One of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals set at the United Nations 2015 Sustainable Development Summit is to end poverty in all its forms everywhere.

Question 20

Birth weight is a potent indicator of an infant's future health status.

Question 21

​The biggest risk factor for illness worldwide is ____.

A)​overpopulation
B)​malnutrition
C) ​poverty
D) ​lack of education

Question 22

Three major factors affect population growth are birth rates, death rates, and _____.

A)standards of living
B)educational status
C) social class
D) health care availability

Question 23

An example of a direct health-related expense associated with maternal complications in pregnancy is ____.

A)lost productivity from complications of pneumonia
B)reduced occupational opportunities due to illness
C) oral rehydration to treat diarrhea
D) lost income from an inability to work

Question 24

What condition causes the highest rate of child mortality among children ages one month to five years?

A)HIV/AIDS
B)pneumonia
C) malaria
D) measles

Question 25

Fortifying food is generally a small-scale undertaking and is effective only if the target groups can get the fortified product for free.

Question 26

Iodine deficiency is one of the major preventable cause of ____ worldwide.

A)protein-energy malnutrition
B)diarrhea
C) mental retardation
D) prematurity

Question 27

Our choices have an impact on the way the rest of the world's people live and die.

Question 28

One obstacle to the success of vitamin A supplementation programs is a lack of awareness among policymakers of the critical nature of vitamin A nutritional status.

Question 29

Manifestations of vitamin A deficiency range from mild night blindness to dryness of the conjunctiva and cornea and, in severe cases, to melting of the cornea and blindness.

Question 30

Low birth weight contributes to more than ____ percent of the deaths of children under five years of age.

A)15 percent
B)25 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 31

According to estimates, most of the increase in the world's population between 2000 and 2030 will occur in rural areas.

Question 32

Access to education, credit, and health care for those in developing countries has been shown to lead to ____.

A)low weight gain in pregnancy
B)greater child mortality
C) low productivity
D) better job opportunities

Question 33

International nutrition programs can include both large-scale and small-scale operations.

Question 34

The most widespread form of malnutrition in the world today is ____.

A)kwashiorkor
B)miasmas
C) protein deficiency
D) protein-energy malnutrition

Question 35

For the poor, the struggle for safe water, adequate nutrition, and access to basic health care leaves no energy or resources for other concerns.

Question 36

What best describes an example of a cause of global food insecurity at the household level?

A)limited status of women
B)inadequate environmental resources
C) poor access to clean water
D) limited support from political leaders

Question 37

What best describes the role of multinational corporations?

A)lending money to low-income individuals who cannot afford to buy food
B)working with other lenders to provide financial stability to certain areas within developing countries
C) arranging for food and supplements to be delivered free of charge to the poorest areas of developing countries
D) hiring indigenous people for below-subsistence wages to grow crops to be exported for profit

Question 38

Which system is an example of labor-intensive technology that could benefit those in developing countries?

A)center pivot irrigation
B)a combine harvester
C) mechanized solid waste disposal systems
D) a manual grinder

Question 39

The weaning periodic one of the most dangerous times for children in developing countries because newly weaned infants often receive nutrient-poor diluted cereals or starchy root crops.

Question 40

According to the World Health Organization, deficiencies of iron, vitamin A, and ____ rank among the top ten leading causes of death through disease in developing countries.

A)vitamin B12
B)vitamin D
C) thiamin
D) zinc

Question 41

The "G" in GOBI, a child survival plan set forth by UNICEF, stands for ____.

A)gaining weight
B)growth charts
C) generating opportunities
D) goals of nutrition

Question 42

What group of people is projected to grow to almost 1.5 billion by the year 2050?

A)older adults
B)pregnant women
C) middle-aged men
D) children under 5

Question 43

The global recommendation for infant feeding is for exclusive breastfeeding for the first ____ months of life.

A)6
B)12
C) 18
D) 24

Question 44

Achieving improved nutritional well-being worldwide requires broad action on many issues, including ____.

A)cultivating cash crops for others
B)borrowing money to maintain healthy living
C) creating a governing infrastructure to move indigenous materials
D) promoting healthful diets and lifestyles

Question 45

Any solution to the problems of poverty and hunger is incomplete and hopeless if it fails to address the role of ____ in developing countries.

A)multinationals
B)religious leaders
C) political leaders
D) women

Question 46

What best describes the International Code of Marketing of Breast milk Substitutes?

A)All new mothers in the hospital should have access to the infant nursery.
B)Formula and pacifiers should only be offered when breastfeeding is impossible.
C) Free formula samples should not be provided to new mothers.
D) Women have a right to choose between formula-feeding and breastfeeding.

Question 47

Worldwide, more than ____ million children have lost one or both parents to AIDS.

A)5
B)13
C) 21
D) 29

Question 48

Oral rehydration therapy is a solution that includes ____.

A)fruit juice
B)formula
C) salt
D) magnesium

Question 49

Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is used in the treatment of ____.

A)protein-calorie malnutrition
B)diarrhea and/or dehydration
C) goiter
D) whooping cough

Question 50

Which nutrient is deficient in victims of the disease exophthalmia?

A)vitamin C
B)vitamin A
C) vitamin E
D) iodine

Question 51

What is an example of a step anyone can take that would reduce their ecological footprint?

A)Monitor weight gain and fat intake.
B)Increase water intake to 14 cups per day.
C) Eat local foods in season.
D) Receive regularly scheduled immunizations.

Question 52

Reducing the amount of goods and products used helps impact the rest of the world by ____.

A)improving accessibility of safe drinking water
B)transferring money to families in developing nations
C) increasing the lifespan of a product
D) decreasing the amount that ends up in landfills

Question 53

Golden rice has the potential to lessen ____ deficiency.

A)calcium
B)iron
C) iodine
D) vitamin A

Question 54

International public health nutrition employment opportunities are most likely found in such organizations as ____.

A)pharmaceutical companies
B)private universities
C) health insurance companies
D) humanitarian organizations

Question 55

What describes a global factor affected by urbanization?

A)poor adherence to immunization schedules
B)increased incidences of kwashiorkor
C) a decline in breastfeeding
D) increased spread of HIV/AIDS

Question 56

When giving immunizations to children, adequate protein must be available for the vaccines to be effective because the ____.

A)needle from the vaccine will cause too much tissue damage
B)body may use the vaccine as a source of protein
C) vaccine will replicate within the body
D) child's immune system is otherwise too weak to respond

Question 57

What best describes a benefit of using genetically modified food?

A)increased environmental impact
B)transfer of allergens
C) increased nutrient absorption by livestock
D) greater predictability

Question 58

What describes why the breastfeeding weaning period is a dangerous time for infants?

A)Their new food is often prepared with contaminated water.
B)They no longer get enough vitamin D in their diets.
C) Their risk for exposure to HIV increases.
D) They no longer have exclusive bonding periods with their mothers.

Question 59

The successful management of agricultural resources to satisfy changing human needs while maintaining the natural resource base and avoiding environmental degradation is known as ____.

A)sustainable development
B)genetic engineering
C) the green revolution
D) industrialization

Question 60

During the initial World Summit for Children, one of UNICEF's goals for nutrition and food security included _____.

A)an increase in breastfeeding to a rate of 75%
B)a 40% increase in market production of cash crops
C) a 50% reduction in the levels of low-birth weight infants
D) a global immunization program that reaches all children under age 5

Question 61

Match the descriptive feature in the left column with the deficiency disease in the right column. Options will be used more than once.​
a.​chronic malnutrition
b.​severe acute malnutrition
c.​both
​Children are thin for their height

Question 62

​Match the definitions/descriptions in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. Options will only be used once.
a.​kwashiorkor
b.​pulses
c.​green revolution
d.​miasmas
e.​multinational corporations
f.​GOBI
g.​poverty
h.​chronic PEM
i.​ORT
j.​acute PEM
​Characterized in children who are thin for their height

Question 63

Match the descriptive feature in the left column with the deficiency disease in the right column. Options will be used more than once.​
a.​chronic malnutrition
b.​severe acute malnutrition
c.​both
​Presence of nutritional anemia associated with severe lack of food

Question 64

Match the descriptive feature in the left column with the deficiency disease in the right column. Options will be used more than once.​
a.​chronic malnutrition
b.​severe acute malnutrition
c.​both
​Children are short for their age

Question 65

Match the descriptive feature in the left column with the deficiency disease in the right column. Options will be used more than once.​
a.​chronic malnutrition
b.​severe acute malnutrition
c.​both
​Wasting

Question 66

Match the descriptive feature in the left column with the deficiency disease in the right column. Options will be used more than once.​
a.​chronic malnutrition
b.​severe acute malnutrition
c.​both
​Recent and extreme food deprivation

Question 67

​Match the definitions/descriptions in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. Options will only be used once.
a.​kwashiorkor
b.​pulses
c.​green revolution
d.​miasmas
e.​multinational corporations
f.​GOBI
g.​poverty
h.​chronic PEM
i.​ORT
j.​acute PEM
​Acronym for elements of UNICEF'S child survival campaign

Question 68

​Match the definitions/descriptions in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. Options will only be used once.
a.​kwashiorkor
b.​pulses
c.​green revolution
d.​miasmas
e.​multinational corporations
f.​GOBI
g.​poverty
h.​chronic PEM
i.​ORT
j.​acute PEM
Transnational companies with direct investments and/or operative facilities in more than one country

Question 69

Match the descriptive feature in the left column with the deficiency disease in the right column. Options will be used more than once.​
a.​chronic malnutrition
b.​severe acute malnutrition
c.​both
​Long-term food deprivation

Question 70

​Match the definitions/descriptions in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. Options will only be used once.
a.​kwashiorkor
b.​pulses
c.​green revolution
d.​miasmas
e.​multinational corporations
f.​GOBI
g.​poverty
h.​chronic PEM
i.​ORT
j.​acute PEM
​Severe malnutrition caused by inadequate protein and calories leading to apathy, anemia, loss of body proteins, and poor growth

Question 71

​Match the definitions/descriptions in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. Options will only be used once.
a.​kwashiorkor
b.​pulses
c.​green revolution
d.​miasmas
e.​multinational corporations
f.​GOBI
g.​poverty
h.​chronic PEM
i.​ORT
j.​acute PEM
Most important cause of food insecurity

Question 72

Match the descriptive feature in the left column with the deficiency disease in the right column. Options will be used more than once.​
a.​chronic malnutrition
b.​severe acute malnutrition
c.​both
​Minimal resistance to disease

Question 73

Match the descriptive feature in the left column with the deficiency disease in the right column. Options will be used more than once.​
a.​chronic malnutrition
b.​severe acute malnutrition
c.​both
​Stunting

Question 74

The most common factor contributing to the magnitude of vitamin A deficiency worldwide is ____.

A)contaminated drinking water
B)chronic inadequate dietary intake
C) poor immune system functioning
D) lack of access to sunlight

Question 75

​Match the definitions/descriptions in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. Options will only be used once.
a.​kwashiorkor
b.​pulses
c.​green revolution
d.​miasmas
e.​multinational corporations
f.​GOBI
g.​poverty
h.​chronic PEM
i.​ORT
j.​acute PEM
​Treatment for dehydration

Question 76

Match the descriptive feature in the left column with the deficiency disease in the right column. Options will be used more than once.​
a.​chronic malnutrition
b.​severe acute malnutrition
c.​both
​Apathy

Question 77

Vitamin A has been added to what product in several regions of Central America as part of food fortification to combat vitamin A deficiency?

A)cereal
B)flour
C) sugar
D) milk

Question 78

​Match the definitions/descriptions in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. Options will only be used once.
a.​kwashiorkor
b.​pulses
c.​green revolution
d.​miasmas
e.​multinational corporations
f.​GOBI
g.​poverty
h.​chronic PEM
i.​ORT
j.​acute PEM
​Legumes

Question 79

Match the descriptive feature in the left column with the deficiency disease in the right column. Options will be used more than once.​
a.​chronic malnutrition
b.​severe acute malnutrition
c.​both
​Anemia is common

Question 80

​Match the definitions/descriptions in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. Options will only be used once.
a.​kwashiorkor
b.​pulses
c.​green revolution
d.​miasmas
e.​multinational corporations
f.​GOBI
g.​poverty
h.​chronic PEM
i.​ORT
j.​acute PEM
​Characterized in children by short height for age