Deck 11: Mothers and Infants: Nutrition Assessment, Services, and Programs

Question 1

Genetics is probably the most significant factor affecting an infant's susceptibility to food allergies.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Peer counseling has been shown to be an effective way to keep mothers breastfeeding.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

WIC is an entitlement program, and can therefore serve all individuals requesting services.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The Healthy Start Program specializes in outreach and home visits to help women receive prenatal care as early as possible.

Question 5

​The United States has the lowest infant mortality rate among industrialized countries.

Question 6

​The La Leche League International is a peer counseling organization that promotes abstinence before marriage.

Question 7

Recipients may not participate in both WIC and CSFP.

Question 8

Breast milk contains the antibacterial agent lactoferrin,which helps protect the infant against infection.

Question 9

Results from several cost-benefit analyses have shown that money spent on WIC services is well spent.

Question 10

Over 90 percent of all Healthy Start families are African American, Hispanic, or Native Americans.

Question 11

​The amount of weight a woman should gain during pregnancy depends on her pre-pregnancy BMI and the number of children she is carrying.

Question 12

EPSDT is a mandatory Medicaid service administered by CMS and is a widespread and well-utilized program because it is available to many participants.

Question 13

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children was authorized in 1972 as an amendment to the Child Nutrition Act of 1966.

Question 14

Introducing a variety of flavors and foods before age 2 may increase acceptance of a wider variety of flavors and foods in later childhood.

Question 15

Babies should be weaned from breast milk to whole cow's milk at six months.

Question 16

All commercially available infant formulas are based on milk proteins and therefore contain lactose.

Question 17

Maternal age can be a risk factor during pregnancy.

Question 18

​If a woman gains more than the recommended amount of weight early in the pregnancy, she should diet for weight loss in the last few weeks.

Question 19

Iron deficiency remains a prevalent nutritional problem in infancy, although it has declined in recent years.

Question 20

​One of the best indicators of a nation's health is the infant mortality rate.

Question 21

Which group has the highest infant mortality rates in the United States?

A)Black, non-Hispanic
B)American-Indian
C) White, non-Hispanic
D) ​Hispanic

Question 22

Following the first trimester, a gain of about ____ pound(s) per week is normal and recommended.

A)0.5
B)1.0
C) 1.5
D) 2.0

Question 23

Which group of women tend to gain less than the recommended level of weight during pregnancy?

A)African-American women
B)older moms
C) Hispanic young women
D) moms with other children

Question 24

What are the two primary indicators of an infant's future health status?

A)length of gestation and birth weight of infant
B)​mother's weight and age before pregnancy
C) birth weight of the infant and mother's age
D) ​type of prenatal care and birth weight of infant

Question 25

By ____ months of age, most infants have tripled their birth weight.

A)6
B)10
C) 12
D) 16

Question 26

As opposed to leadership, management is the process by which one person influences others to work toward a goal.

Question 27

Out of the following countries, which one has the highest IMR?

A)Switzerland
B)​Japan
C) Czech Republic
D) ​United States

Question 28

The failure to further improve the IMR in the United States has been attributed to ____.

A)the increased prevalence of neural tube defects
B)iron deficiencies in pregnant women
C) the number of infants born with low birth weights
D) ​the number of infants born to obese mothers

Question 29

The Healthy People 2020 objective for maternal mortality seeks a target of ____ maternal deaths per 100,000 live births.

A)2.5
B)5.6
C) 11.4
D) ​17.2

Question 30

Many of the existing health care programs frequently refer their clients to the WIC program for nutrition services.

Question 31

During the first two or three days of lactation, the breasts produce a pre milk substance called ____ containing antibodies and white cells from the mother's blood.

A)colostrum
B)bifidus
C) lactoferrin
D) meconium

Question 32

WIC has made only a minor contribution to reducing fetal deaths, accounting for a reduction of less than 5% in fetal mortality rates.

Question 33

The infant mortality rate (IMR) is expressed as the number of infant deaths under 1 year of age per ____ live births.​

A)​100
B)​1,000
C) ​10,000
D) ​100,000

Question 34

The goal of which program is to specifically identify and develop community-based approaches to reducing infant mortality and improving the health of low-income families?

A)Title V Maternal and Child Health Program
B)Healthy Start Program
C) Health Center Program
D) Commodity Supplemental Food Program

Question 35

WIC is federally funded but is administered by the states.

Question 36

Recommended weight gain during pregnancy for women who begin pregnancy at a healthful weight is between ____ pounds.

A)15 and 20
B)15 and 25
C) 20 and 25
D) 25 and 35

Question 37

The Healthy People 2020 objective for abstinence from alcohol among pregnant women seeks a target of ____.

A)98.3%
B)100%
C) 77.9%
D) ​89.4%

Question 38

The leading cause of post neonatal mortality in the U.S. is ____.

A)low birth weight
B)SIDS
C) very low birth weight
D) neglect

Question 39

What is one of the key areas for improving the health of mothers and infants, as identified by an interagency workgroup and the surgeon general?

A)Seek to reform eligibility requirements for maternal and infant programs so as to decrease participation.
B)Direct additional research toward determining the cause of Asian-American women's increased risk of dying from maternal complications.
C) Increase research on genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors that have an influence on pregnancy outcomes for mother and child.
D) Develop new interventions to reduce caffeine consumption during pregnancy.

Question 40

The aim of Congress in passing the Title V legislation was to improve the health of mothers, infants, and children in areas where the need was greatest.

Question 41

Which program is administered by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)?

A)Health Center Program
B)WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program
C) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
D) Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program

Question 42

Which measurement can best confirm that growth is proceeding normally and/or help detect protein-energy malnutrition in infants?

A)BMI
B)head circumference
C) height
D) weight

Question 43

Foods should be introduced to an infant one at a time because ____.

A)this prevents overfeeding
B)the swallowing reflex is not under voluntary control
C) immunological protection has not been developed
D) any allergic reactions can be detected

Question 44

Which program is a mandatory Medicaid service that aims to improve the health status of children from low-income families by providing health services as outline by Congress?

A)Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
B)Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program
C) Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment Program
D) Commodity Supplemental Food Program

Question 45

​Match the federal nutrition and health care program in the right column with the services and/or eligibility requirement provided in the left column. Options will be used only once.
a.​CSFP
b.​EFNEP
c.​EPSDT
d.​SNAP
e.​FMNP
f.​Healthy Start
g.​Medicaid
h.​WIC
​Gives checks or vouchers to purchase healthful foods, and nutrition education and referral to health services are provided

Question 46

Which trait of a successful leader means adhering to a high standard of honesty and has been described as the most important leadership principle?

A)sociability
B)accountability
C) intelligence
D) integrity

Question 47

​Match the federal nutrition and health care program in the right column with the services and/or eligibility requirement provided in the left column. Options will be used only once.
a.​CSFP
b.​EFNEP
c.​EPSDT
d.​SNAP
e.​FMNP
f.​Healthy Start
g.​Medicaid
h.​WIC
​Increases fruit and vegetable consumption for persons eligible for WIC

Question 48

Which of these is the most prevalent nutritional problem in infancy?

A)vitamin B₁₂ deficiency
B)iron deficiency
C) vitamin A deficiency
D) food aversions

Question 49

If the infant is not breastfed, then ____ should be given to the newborn.

A)nonfat milk
B)whole cow's milk
C) low-iron formula
D) iron-fortified formula

Question 50

By October 2020, all WIC agencies will transition to using ____ to distribute financial allotments to participants.

A)direct food distribution
B)vouchers or coupons
C) electronic benefit transfer
D) cash or checks

Question 51

How is financial eligibility for WIC participation determined?

A)anyone with income at or below 138% of poverty guidelines
B)income at or below 185% of poverty guidelines or participation in SNAP or Medicaid
C) incomes at or below 125% of poverty guidelines for persons who have children under 19
D) all Infants, children, and adolescents up to18 years of age

Question 52

Which individual will receive priority care within the WIC program?

A)Joey, a four-year-old boy who is at the 50^th percentile for weight
B)Selena, a mom of four children aged 1, 3, 4, and 6
C) MaryAnn, a breastfeeding mom
D) Emily, a pregnant woman with iron-deficiency anemia

Question 53

​Match the federal nutrition and health care program in the right column with the services and/or eligibility requirement provided in the left column. Options will be used only once.
a.​CSFP
b.​EFNEP
c.​EPSDT
d.​SNAP
e.​FMNP
f.​Healthy Start
g.​Medicaid
h.​WIC
​Increases the ability to purchase food for anyone with an income <130% of the poverty level

Question 54

Congress enacted which program in 1965 through Title XIX of the Social Security Act to ensure financial access to health care for economically disadvantaged people?

A)Title V
B)Medicaid
C) Healthy Start Program
D) Health Center Program

Question 55

Because of the caps placed on allocated federal funds, WIC currently reaches only about ____ of eligible persons.

A)20%
B)50%
C) 80%
D) 95%

Question 56

Failure to thrive is diagnosed in infants who fall below the ____ percentile on the growth chart for weight-for-length.

A)5^th
B)10^th
C) 15^th
D) 25^th

Question 57

Although iron deficiency remains a prevalent nutritional problem in infancy, it has declined in recent years, largely because of increased ____.

A)use of iron-fortified formulas
B)supplementation of folate during pregnancy
C) awareness of the benefits of breastfeeding
D) use of cow's milk in place of breast milk

Question 58

Which program is funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)?

A)Title V Maternal and Child Health Program
B)Commodity Supplemental Food Program
C) The Health Center Program
D) The Healthy Start Program

Question 59

Which demographic group breastfeeds their infants most frequently in the U.S.?

A)Asian, non-Hispanic
B)Black, non-Hispanic
C) Hispanic
D) White, non-Hispanic

Question 60

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) was authorized in ____.

A)1952
B)1966
C) 1972
D) 1985

Question 61

​Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.EPSDT
b.EFNEP
c.obese
d.iron deficiency
e.Title V
f.​La Leche League
g.folate supplementation
h.failure to thrive
​A mandatory Medicaid service to improve the health status of children from low-income families

Question 62

​Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.EPSDT
b.EFNEP
c.obese
d.iron deficiency
e.Title V
f.​La Leche League
g.folate supplementation
h.failure to thrive
​An infant whose weight-for-length falls above the 95^th percentile

Question 63

​Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.EPSDT
b.EFNEP
c.obese
d.iron deficiency
e.Title V
f.​La Leche League
g.folate supplementation
h.failure to thrive
​Has program of peer counseling for breastfeeding promotion

Question 64

Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.colostrum
b.bifidus factor
c.lactoferrin
d.infant formula
e.cow's milk
f.​4 to 6 months
g.6 to 8 months
h.8 to 10 months
i.10 to 12 months
​The beverage that is transitioned to if an infant is weaned from breast milk within first year of its life

Question 65

​Match the federal nutrition and health care program in the right column with the services and/or eligibility requirement provided in the left column. Options will be used only once.
a.​CSFP
b.​EFNEP
c.​EPSDT
d.​SNAP
e.​FMNP
f.​Healthy Start
g.​Medicaid
h.​WIC
​Complete health care for anyone with an income <138% of poverty level

Question 66

​Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.EPSDT
b.EFNEP
c.obese
d.iron deficiency
e.Title V
f.​La Leche League
g.folate supplementation
h.failure to thrive
​Nutrition education program for low-income families

Question 67

Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.colostrum
b.bifidus factor
c.lactoferrin
d.infant formula
e.cow's milk
f.​4 to 6 months
g.6 to 8 months
h.8 to 10 months
i.10 to 12 months
​Present in both breast milk and pre milk; favors the growth of the "friendly" bacteria in the infant's digestive tract so harmful bacteria cannot grow there

Question 68

Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.colostrum
b.bifidus factor
c.lactoferrin
d.infant formula
e.cow's milk
f.​4 to 6 months
g.6 to 8 months
h.8 to 10 months
i.10 to 12 months
​Beverage that may be introduced to an infant's diet after the infant is one-year-old

Question 69

Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.colostrum
b.bifidus factor
c.lactoferrin
d.infant formula
e.cow's milk
f.​4 to 6 months
g.6 to 8 months
h.8 to 10 months
i.10 to 12 months
​Powerful antibacterial agent in breast milk the helps protect the infant against infection

Question 70

​Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.EPSDT
b.EFNEP
c.obese
d.iron deficiency
e.Title V
f.​La Leche League
g.folate supplementation
h.failure to thrive
​Prevention of neural tube defects

Question 71

Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.colostrum
b.bifidus factor
c.lactoferrin
d.infant formula
e.cow's milk
f.​4 to 6 months
g.6 to 8 months
h.8 to 10 months
i.10 to 12 months
​Age at which iron-fortified rice cereal and pureed fruits and vegetables may be introduced for an infant

Question 72

​Match the federal nutrition and health care program in the right column with the services and/or eligibility requirement provided in the left column. Options will be used only once.
a.​CSFP
b.​EFNEP
c.​EPSDT
d.​SNAP
e.​FMNP
f.​Healthy Start
g.​Medicaid
h.​WIC
​Monthly food package of fruits, vegetables, meats, infant formula, beans and other available foods

Question 73

​Match the federal nutrition and health care program in the right column with the services and/or eligibility requirement provided in the left column. Options will be used only once.
a.​CSFP
b.​EFNEP
c.​EPSDT
d.​SNAP
e.​FMNP
f.​Healthy Start
g.​Medicaid
h.​WIC
​Health screenings, dental checks, health education, and hearing and vision test for children up to 18 years of age

Question 74

​Match the federal nutrition and health care program in the right column with the services and/or eligibility requirement provided in the left column. Options will be used only once.
a.​CSFP
b.​EFNEP
c.​EPSDT
d.​SNAP
e.​FMNP
f.​Healthy Start
g.​Medicaid
h.​WIC
​Nutrition education for persons with incomes at or below 125% of poverty level who have children under 19 years of age

Question 75

​Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.EPSDT
b.EFNEP
c.obese
d.iron deficiency
e.Title V
f.​La Leche League
g.folate supplementation
h.failure to thrive
​The only federal program concerned exclusively with the health of mothers, infants, and children

Question 76

​Match the federal nutrition and health care program in the right column with the services and/or eligibility requirement provided in the left column. Options will be used only once.
a.​CSFP
b.​EFNEP
c.​EPSDT
d.​SNAP
e.​FMNP
f.​Healthy Start
g.​Medicaid
h.​WIC
​Prenatal and postpartum care for pregnant women with incomes <185% of poverty level

Question 77

​Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.EPSDT
b.EFNEP
c.obese
d.iron deficiency
e.Title V
f.​La Leche League
g.folate supplementation
h.failure to thrive
​An infant whose weight-for-length falls below the 5^th percentile

Question 78

Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.colostrum
b.bifidus factor
c.lactoferrin
d.infant formula
e.cow's milk
f.​4 to 6 months
g.6 to 8 months
h.8 to 10 months
i.10 to 12 months
​A pre milk substance produced during the first two or three days of lactation; contains antibodies and white blood cells from the mother's blood

Question 79

​Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.EPSDT
b.EFNEP
c.obese
d.iron deficiency
e.Title V
f.​La Leche League
g.folate supplementation
h.failure to thrive
​Rates are higher among pregnant adolescents

Question 80

Match the descriptions in the left column with the most closely associated terms in the right column. Options will be used only once.
a.colostrum
b.bifidus factor
c.lactoferrin
d.infant formula
e.cow's milk
f.​4 to 6 months
g.6 to 8 months
h.8 to 10 months
i.10 to 12 months
​Age at which protein foods, such as yogurt, chopped meats, and egg yolks, as well as toast and teething crackers may be introduced for an infant