Deck 8: Addressing the Obesity Epidemic: an Issue for Public Health Policy

Question 1

Obese people spend at least a third more on health care costs than the non-obese.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Excessive body weight in children is associated with increased morbidity and mortality just as in adults.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

One of the major components of the We Can! campaign initiated by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute is to increase physical activity and decrease screen time.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

As weight is often underreported in self-report surveys, we can assume that the actual prevalence of overweight and obesity is somewhat higher than that ascertained from BRFSS data.

Question 5

Extreme obesity refers to the same condition as being obese.

Question 6

Research suggests that childhood depression is associated with an increased BMI in adulthood.

Question 7

The USDA oversees deceptive marketing of foods and food-related products.

Question 8

​A BMI of 30 translates into about 30 extra pounds for an adult.

Question 9

Obesity prevalence is higher within low-income neighborhoods, states, and legislative districts.

Question 10

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 requires certain restaurants to list calorie content information for standard menu items on menu boards.

Question 11

Food portion sizes have remained steady over the past 50 years.

Question 12

An Obesogenic environment is one that promotes excessive weight gain.

Question 13

Mexican-Americans have a higher prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome than whites.

Question 14

Most community-based weight-loss initiatives have been effective.

Question 15

The role of the family is important in obesity prevention interventions targeting young children.

Question 16

The Let's Move! campaign is currently the most widespread governmental public awareness campaign for preventing childhood obesity.

Question 17

Physical activity data trends are not as clear as those related to energy intake due to a lack of adequate surveillance activities.

Question 18

Consumption of energy-dense nuts is associated with weight gain.

Question 19

Public health interventions for obesity target lifestyle approaches, such as dietary changes and physical activity.

Question 20

A low Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score is associated with overweight and obesity.

Question 21

Obesity in children is defined as having a BMI ____.

A)below the 50^th percentile on the CDC growth chart
B)between the 85^thand 95^thpercentile on the CDC growth chart
C) at or above the 75^th percentile on the CDC growth chart
D) at or above the 95^th percentile on the CDC growth chart

Question 22

If all current U.S. obese youth become obese adults, it will cost society nearly ____.

A)$50 million
B)$1 billion
C) $50 billion
D) $1 trillion

Question 23

Which national data are used most frequently to assess obesity data for Americans?

A)BRFSS
B)CSFII
C) NHANES
D) NHANES and BRFSS

Question 24

Self-report weight and height are considered somewhat unreliable because they are ____ measures.

A)objective
B)outcome
C) subjective
D) desirable

Question 25

Overweight in adults is defined as a BMI ____.

A)​less than 24
B)​between 25 and 29.9
C) ​greater than 30
D) ​between 25 and 35

Question 26

Efforts to control obesity at the public policy level in the United States are ____.

A)in need of improvement
B)sufficient
C) over-funded
D) successful

Question 27

Obesity for adults is divided into _____ classes based on the degree of obesity.

A)two
B)three
C) four
D) five

Question 28

In the last two decades, for U.S. adults, the prevalence of ____.

A)both overweight and obesity increased
B)obesity increased while the prevalence of overweight remained stable
C) obesity increased while the prevalence of overweight decreased
D) obesity remained stable while the prevalence of overweight increased

Question 29

​Obesity in adults is defined as a BMI ____.

A)​less than 24
B)​between 25 and 29.9
C) ​greater than 30
D) ​between 25 and 35

Question 30

_____, or body fat distributed around the abdomen, is more highly associated with metabolic disturbances and health problems.

A)Subcutaneous fat
B)Central obesity
C) Ganoids fat
D) Peripheral obesity

Question 31

Of the increased cost of health care for obese individuals, the largest single contributor to the health care cost is for treatment related to ____.

A)diabetes
B)cardiovascular disease
C) renal disease
D) hyperlipidemia

Question 32

Multiple datasets suggest that calorie consumption has ____ in recent years, notably among children and young adults.

A)increased significantly
B)increased slightly
C) remained stable
D) decreased

Question 33

Which state has over 10 years of data indicating relatively stable rates of obese and overweight school-age children?

A)Arkansas
B)Tennessee
C) Indiana
D) Texas

Question 34

Overweight in children is defined as having a BMI ____.

A)below the 50^th percentile on the CDC growth chart
B)between the 85^thand 95^thpercentile on the CDC growth chart
C) at or above the 75^th percentile on the CDC growth chart
D) at or above the 95^th percentile on the CDC growth chart

Question 35

____ is the amount of energy able to be metabolized per unit weight or volume of food.

A)Nutrient density
B)Food weight
C) Energy density
D) Energy expenditure

Question 36

The use of the BMI calculation may be in accurate for ____.

A)those who are underweight
B)those who live in developing countries
C) children
D) those with large muscle mass

Question 37

Excessive fat is indicated by a waist circumference of ____ for men and ____ for women.

A)< 30 inches, < 25 inches
B)> 30 inches, > 25 inches
C) > 40 inches, > 35 inches
D) > 35 inches, > 40 inches

Question 38

Which statement about the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System is most accurate?

A)Data are self-reported.
B)Data are limited to junior high and high school students.
C) Data provide prevalence of obesity in all school age groups.
D) Data are collected by school nurses

Question 39

____ is the largest influence on energy expenditure.

A)Basal metabolic rate
B)Body mass index
C) Thermal effect of food
D) Volitional physical activity

Question 40

Which region of the United States has the highest rate for obesity in adults?

A)East
B)Midwest
C) South
D) West

Question 41

Environmental and social trends that have been identified as possible contributors to the global obesity epidemic include ____.

A)fewer opportunities for recreational physical activity
B)increased safety measures to protect walkers and cyclists
C) replacement of contaminated water with soft drinks
D) expansion of the organic food market

Question 42

The Partnership for a Healthier America organization has successfully ____.

A)eradicated all food deserts in the U.S.
B)enrolled more than 28,500 businesses in the Healthier Food Initiative campaign
C) encouraged children in all 50 states to participate in Let's Move!
D) lobbied to tax high-sugar drinks in California

Question 43

The first step for the community nutritionist interested in addressing the obesity epidemic is to build awareness of____.

A)the societal cost of obesity reducing programs
B)association of obesity with chronic diseases
C) immediate financial costs of obesity to the taxpayer
D) role the media plays in the portrayal of overweight individuals

Question 44

More effective worksite-based interventions include____.

A)financial penalties for NOT participating
B)linking salary to health status
C) behavioral modification strategies
D) providing catered meals for those who wish to lose weight

Question 45

The ____ released Super Tracker to help citizens analyze their food intake and physical activity.

A)Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
B)Food and Drug Administration
C) Federal Trade Commission
D) President's Council of Fitness

Question 46

Increased consumption of ____ accounts for the greatest proportion of the overall increase in U.S. energy intake.

A)alcohol
B)sugar-sweetened beverages
C) fatty fast food dishes
D) red meat

Question 47

One potential problem with taxes on less nutritious foods is that ____.

A)they may not appreciably alter food consumption patterns
B)they might disproportionately affect high-income people
C) they target manufacturers of food instead of consumers
D) public opinion uniformly opposes these measures

Question 48

What happened when Mexico passed a soda tax that was equivalent to a 10% price increase?

A)There was a paradoxical increase in soda consumption across the nation.
B)Only relatively wealthy households had a decrease in soda consumption.
C) Only households in which wage-earners were relatively well-educated decreased soda consumption.
D) The greatest decrease in consumption occurred in the most vulnerable, low-income households.

Question 49

What is an environmental strategy for a worksite weight-loss program?

A)an educational dietary intervention offered to all employees
B)a seminar about personal goal setting with mandatory attendance
C) encouraging physical activity during off-work hours
D) organizational practices that change the worksite physical environment

Question 50

If public health approaches to address obesity are implemented, the obesity epidemic can be expected to follow a pattern similar to smoking rates, which ____.

A)dropped sharply
B)rose sharply, then dropped gradually
C) reached a plateau, then started to drop
D) dropped and then rose again repeatedly

Question 51

Urban sprawl has been linked to ____.

A)more physical activity
B)leisure-time walking
C) diabetes
D) transportation options promoting physical activity

Question 52

Which activity contributes the most to energy expenditure (excluding sleep)for adults participating in the National Human Activity Pattern Survey?

A)driving a car
B)office work
C) doing housework
D) walking

Question 53

Which environmental factor has been linked to more physical activity in children?

A)poverty
B)television
C) urban sprawl
D) friendship dynamics

Question 54

Policy recommendations for reducing obesity in Latino communities include _____.

A)having grant criteria related to equity
B)using peer leaders and community advocates
C) improving zoning rules to encourage grocery store openings
D) allowing community members to use playgrounds and fields when schools are not in session

Question 55

Immediate steps a community nutritionist may take to reduce obesity rates include ____.

A)discouraging health care professionals from measuring and tracking BMI of their patients
B)writing to state legislators or members of Congress regarding upcoming obesity-related legislation
C) decreasing farm-to-school and farm-to-work programs
D) implementing taxation policies at the locally owned grocery store

Question 56

Recent research indicates that breastfed babies are ____ likely to be overweight as compared with formula-fed babies.

A)somewhat more
B)less
C) equally
D) much more

Question 57

The ____ developed the Healthy Eating Index.

A)Food and Drug Administration
B)Federal Trade Commission
C) Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion
D) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Question 58

Many of the policy initiatives related to obesity address ____.

A)overweight pregnant women
B)middle-aged to older adults with hypertension
C) children rather than adults
D) Hispanics and African American families

Question 59

Recently, the WHO declared ____ one of the world's top ten health risks.

A)metabolic syndrome
B)central adiposity
C) too much leisure time
D) overweight

Question 60

The built environment could be regulated to enhance physical activity and increase access to fresh, nutritious food through ____ zoning.

A)mixed-use
B)subsidized
C) residential
D) exclusionary

Question 61

​Match the obesity-related legislation introduced in the 114^th Congress in the right column with its description in the left column. Options will only be used once.
a.​Farm to School Act of 2015
b.​Community Parks Revitalization Act
c.​FIT Kids Act
d.​Treat and Reduce Obesity Act of 2015
e.​Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax Act of 2015
f.​Healthy Kids Outdoors Act of 2015
g.​Expanding Nutrition's Role in Curricula and Healthcare Act
​Amends the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 to reauthorize and amend the Carol M. White Physical Education Program

Question 62

​Match the obesity-related legislation introduced in the 114^th Congress in the right column with its description in the left column. Options will only be used once.
a.​Farm to School Act of 2015
b.​Community Parks Revitalization Act
c.​FIT Kids Act
d.​Treat and Reduce Obesity Act of 2015
e.​Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax Act of 2015
f.​Healthy Kids Outdoors Act of 2015
g.​Expanding Nutrition's Role in Curricula and Healthcare Act
​Requires a community revitalization program of federal grants to local governments for various park and recreation purposes

Question 63

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​State Public Health Actions

Question 64

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​Whole School, Whole Community, Whole Child model

Question 65

​Match the obesity-related legislation introduced in the 114^th Congress in the right column with its description in the left column. Options will only be used once.
a.​Farm to School Act of 2015
b.​Community Parks Revitalization Act
c.​FIT Kids Act
d.​Treat and Reduce Obesity Act of 2015
e.​Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax Act of 2015
f.​Healthy Kids Outdoors Act of 2015
g.​Expanding Nutrition's Role in Curricula and Healthcare Act
​Amends Medicare to cover intensive behavioral therapy for obesity

Question 66

​Match the obesity-related legislation introduced in the 114^th Congress in the right column with its description in the left column. Options will only be used once.
a.​Farm to School Act of 2015
b.​Community Parks Revitalization Act
c.​FIT Kids Act
d.​Treat and Reduce Obesity Act of 2015
e.​Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax Act of 2015
f.​Healthy Kids Outdoors Act of 2015
g.​Expanding Nutrition's Role in Curricula and Healthcare Act
​Expands a current USDA Farm to School Grant program to include more eligible school entities (such as preschools) as well as increasing access among tribal schools to farm-fresh and traditional foods

Question 67

​Match the obesity-related legislation introduced in the 114^th Congress in the right column with its description in the left column. Options will only be used once.
a.​Farm to School Act of 2015
b.​Community Parks Revitalization Act
c.​FIT Kids Act
d.​Treat and Reduce Obesity Act of 2015
e.​Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax Act of 2015
f.​Healthy Kids Outdoors Act of 2015
g.​Expanding Nutrition's Role in Curricula and Healthcare Act
​Requires the establishment of a program to provide grants to accredited medical schools for the development or expansion of integrated nutrition and physical activity curriculum

Question 68

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​National School Lunch Program

Question 69

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​Coordinated School Health Program

Question 70

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​My Plate

Question 71

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​Let's Move!

Question 72

​Match the obesity-related legislation introduced in the 114^th Congress in the right column with its description in the left column. Options will only be used once.
a.​Farm to School Act of 2015
b.​Community Parks Revitalization Act
c.​FIT Kids Act
d.​Treat and Reduce Obesity Act of 2015
e.​Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax Act of 2015
f.​Healthy Kids Outdoors Act of 2015
g.​Expanding Nutrition's Role in Curricula and Healthcare Act
​Imposes an excise tax on specified beverage products and uses the revenues to fund programs on diet-related health concerns

Question 73

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​Safe Routes to School

Question 74

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​Communities Putting Prevention to Work

Question 75

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​School Health Index for Physical Activity and Healthy Eating

Question 76

​Match the obesity-related legislation introduced in the 114^th Congress in the right column with its description in the left column. Options will only be used once.
a.​Farm to School Act of 2015
b.​Community Parks Revitalization Act
c.​FIT Kids Act
d.​Treat and Reduce Obesity Act of 2015
e.​Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tax Act of 2015
f.​Healthy Kids Outdoors Act of 2015
g.​Expanding Nutrition's Role in Curricula and Healthcare Act
​Strategy designed to encourage people of the U.S (especially children, youth, and families) to be physically active outside

Question 77

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​Healthier US School Challenge

Question 78

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​Let's Move Salad Bars to Schools

Question 79

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​HHS Blueprint for Action on Breastfeeding

Question 80

​Match the program in the left column with its government sponsor in the right column. Options may be used more than once.
a.​Division of Adolescent and School Health
b.​CDC
c.​Department of Transportation
d.​Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity
e.​White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity
f.​USDA
​Spectrum of Opportunities