Question 1

Occupational therapy practitioners can modify tasks and environments based on an individual's cognitive level to maximize strengths and enable doing. Which intervention approach does this best represent?

A) Home environment skill building program
B) Cognitive disabilities
C) Errorless learning
D) Augmentative and alternative communication

B

Accepted Answer

Cognitive disabilities approach focuses on adapting tasks and environments to align with the individual's cognitive abilities, thereby maximizing their strengths and enabling participation in activities.

Question 2

Which of the following is most reflective of the impact of neurocognitive disorders on occupations?&#10;A) Activities of daily living (ADL) challenges typically present in the early stages of dementia.&#10;B) Individuals decrease engagement in leisure activities that require higher levels of cognitive skills.&#10;C) Concerns about instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) performance tends to be the impetus for cognitive evaluation.&#10;D) Work tends to be the most challenging occupation in the early stages of dementia.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 3

Identify the most accurate statement regarding the prevalence, gender, educational, and cultural impact of neurocognitive disorders.&#10;A) As the life span increases there is an increase in the number of individuals who experience dementia.&#10;B) Individuals with higher educational status have a higher incidence of young onset dementia, impacting their income status.&#10;C) African Americans have the lowest prevalence of Alzheimer's disease.&#10;D) Prevalence of dementia is higher in males compared with females.

Accepted Answer

As people age, the risk of developing dementia increases. This is supported by research and data on the subject. Therefore, A is the most accurate statement of the given options. B is not entirely accurate as individuals with lower educational status are actually at a higher risk of developing dementia. C is not accurate as African Americans have a higher prevalence of Alzheimer's disease. D is not accurate as the prevalence of dementia is higher in females compared with males.

Question 4

The focus of occupational therapy intervention to promote occupational performance is balancing ____________.&#10;A) New learning with habits from long-term memory&#10;B) Amount of service with type of service in the short term&#10;C) Family needs against client needs and preferences&#10;D) Cognitive capacity and activity demands and external supports

Accepted Answer

Occupational therapy intervention to promote occupational performance focuses on balancing the cognitive capacity of the client with the demands of the activity, along with any external supports that may be necessary. This ensures that the client is able to successfully engage in meaningful occupations while also considering their individual abilities and limitations.

Question 5

Neurocognitive disorders can stem from a variety of etiologies including _________.&#10;A) Vascular disorders and HIV&#10;B) Schizophrenia and bipolar disorders&#10;C) Obesity and metabolic syndrome&#10;D) Hearing loss or macular degeneration

Accepted Answer

Neurocognitive disorders can result from a variety of etiologies, but some of the most common ones include vascular disorders like stroke or hypertension, and infectious diseases like HIV. Other potential causes include head injuries, drug abuse, and neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease or Huntington's disease. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are not usually considered to be neurocognitive disorders, although they can have some cognitive symptoms. Obesity and metabolic syndrome can affect brain function but are not considered direct causes of neurocognitive disorders. Hearing loss and macular degeneration can also impact cognitive abilities but are not typically classified as neurocognitive disorders. Therefore, option A is the correct choice as it includes two of the most common causes of neurocognitive disorders.

Question 6

Best practice occupational therapy for persons with neurocognitive disorder includes ____________.&#10;A) Direct service to the client in a clinical setting&#10;B) Family-centered models with service directed at the needs of both the client and caregiver&#10;C) Referral to home health to complete IADLs and ADLs&#10;D) Restoration of physical condition by strengthening muscles to ensure upright stability

Accepted Answer

Occupational therapy for persons with neurocognitive disorder is most effective when it involves a family-centered model with service directed at the needs of both the client and caregiver. This approach helps to address the multiple needs of the client and promotes successful outcomes in daily living activities. Direct service to the client in a clinical setting may not be sufficient to promote optimal functioning in the home environment. Referral to home health to complete IADLs and ADLs may be appropriate in some cases but does not address the broader needs of the client and caregiver. Restoration of physical condition by strengthening muscles to ensure upright stability may be important in some cases, but it does not address the cognitive and psychosocial aspects of neurocognitive disorder.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the etiology of neurocognitive disorders?&#10;A) The neural mechanisms that contribute to Alzheimer's disease are well known and understood.&#10;B) The onset of vascular neurocognitive disorder is often abrupt and presents with a stepwise progression.&#10;C) Frontotemporal lobar degeneration manifests with disturbances in motor skills.&#10;D) Early symptoms of aphasia is what distinguishes Lewy body disease from Alzheimer's.

Accepted Answer

Vascular neurocognitive disorder is caused by blood vessel damage or disease that leads to reduced blood flow to the brain. The onset can be abrupt and the progression of symptoms may occur in a stepwise pattern. This is different from other types of neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, which have a more gradual onset and progression.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the use of medications such as Aricept or Exelon for individuals with neurocognitive disorders?&#10;A) They stop the progression of these disorders.&#10;B) They slow the progression of these disorders.&#10;C) They control agitation and aggression related to these disorders.&#10;D) These medications may enhance thinking, memory, and communication.

Accepted Answer

Medications such as Aricept or Exelon are known as cholinesterase inhibitors, which may enhance thinking, memory, and communication in individuals with neurocognitive disorders. They do not stop or slow the progression of these disorders, and they may also be used to control agitation and aggression in some cases, but their primary use is to improve cognitive functioning.

Question 9

Which of the following reflects the most accurate contribution an occupational therapy practitioner can make to the interdisciplinary team when working with someone diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder?

A) Identify external resources available to support the individual or his or her family.
B) Administer cognitive screens to monitor cognitive decline.
C) Identify the impact of cognitive decline on daily functioning.
D) Assist the family in adjusting to the diagnosis.

Accepted Answer

The occupational therapy practitioner's primary role when working with someone diagnosed with a neurocognitive disorder is to identify the impact of cognitive decline on the individual's daily functioning. This information can then be used to develop an intervention plan that addresses these deficits and helps the individual maintain their independence and quality of life. While identifying external resources and assisting the family in adjusting to the diagnosis are important tasks, they are not the primary focus of occupational therapy intervention in this context. Administering cognitive screens may be part of the assessment process, but again, it is not the most important contribution that the occupational therapy practitioner can make to the interdisciplinary team.

Question 10

Jerry is 70 years old. Recently, he has been demonstrating modest cognitive decline in executive functioning, learning, and memory. He has also demonstrated difficulty with way finding and has become increasingly more irritable. However, he has demonstrated no decline in activities of daily living (ADLs) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Which of the following best describes this scenario?

A) Mild neurocognitive disorder
B) Major neurocognitive disorder
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) Lewy body disease

Accepted Answer

Jerry's symptoms indicate a decline in cognitive functioning, however, they are not severe enough to be classified as major neurocognitive disorder or Alzheimer's disease. The fact that he is able to maintain ADLs and IADLs also supports a diagnosis of mild rather than major neurocognitive disorder. The presence of way finding difficulties and irritability suggest areas of impairment in executive functioning, which is commonly associated with mild neurocognitive disorder. Lewy body disease cannot be ruled out based on the information provided, but there is not enough evidence to definitively diagnose it over other possible causes of cognitive decline.

Question 11

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), a key diagnostic criteria for major neurocognitive disorders is_________.&#10;A) Altered mood and changes in behavior, such as agitation or depression&#10;B) Cognitive decline from previous level of performance interfering with daily activities&#10;C) Loss of memory with decreased face recognition or prosopagnosia&#10;D) Delirium or other mental disorder along with behavioral change

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual...

Question 12

Charlie demonstrated rapid onset of symptoms of dementia with disinhibition, irrational judgment, impulsiveness, and social discord. His symptoms are indicative of _____________.&#10;A) Alzheimer's disease&#10;B) Vascular dementia&#10;C) Lewy body disease&#10;D) Frontotemporal lobar degeneration

Accepted Answer

The answer of Charlie demonstrated rapid onset of symptoms of...

Question 13

Which of the following statements are true in regard to neurocognitive disorders?&#10;A) Many are reversible when the cause is resolved or eliminated.&#10;B) Unlike traumatic brain injury, a static disorder, most neurocognitive disorders are progressive and eventually lead to death.&#10;C) Depression and delirium are difficult if not impossible to distinguish from dementia.&#10;D) Personal history is a minor piece and laboratory tests are a major piece of the comprehensive medical evaluation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements are true...

Deck 18: Neurocognitive Disorders Dementia