Deck 12: Deviance and Crime

Question 1

Statistics Canada contacts a representative sample of 20 000 Canadians over 15 years old as part of the effort to measure the rate of crime in Canada. The name of this survey is:

A) the National Crime Victimization Survey
B) the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey
C) the General Social Survey - Victimization
D) the Crime Severity Index

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The volume of crime reported to police is called the:

A) crime rate
B) victimization rate
C) Crime Severity Index
D) criminology rate

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Patel believes that trespassing is illegal because this protects the wealthy from the poor. This belief supports the:

A) conflict model of law
B) consensus model of law
C) crime index
D) dramatic fallacy of crime

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The violation of norms written into the law is called:

A) shaming
B) crime
C) deviance
D) retribution

Question 5

Thirty years ago, a person with a tattoo was often suspected of being a criminal, but today people with tattoos are not suspected of being criminals. What does this tell us about deviance?

A) Tattoos are not really deviant.
B) Deviance is not linked to time.
C) Deviance is a social construct.
D) People with tattoos are rarely deviant.

Question 6

Crime rates are higher in poor neighbourhoods. To a sociologist, why might this occur?

A) Because people in poor neighbourhoods commit more crime
B) Because people in poor neighbourhoods are natural-born criminals
C) Because people in poor neighbourhoods are more likely to get caught
D) Because everyone in poor neighbourhoods commits a crime at some point

Question 7

Statistics Canada uses official police statistics of reported crimes. The name of this survey is:

A) the National Crime Victimization Survey
B) the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey
C) the General Social Survey - Victimization
D) the Crime Severity Index

Question 8

Paul is a 21-year-old male. Mary is a 46-year-old female. Bertrand is a 37-year-old male. Françoise is a 17-year-old female. According to statistics, who is most likely to commit a crime?

A) Paul
B) Mary
C) Bertrand
D) Françoise

Question 9

What do agents of informal control enforce?

A) Laws
B) Values
C) Norms
D) Beliefs

Question 10

The deliberate effort to attach a negative meaning to a behaviour is an example of:

A) deterrence
B) recidivism
C) shaming
D) anomie

Question 11

Since 2009, Statistics Canada has used a measure that assigns a weight to each type of crime. This measure is called:

A) the National Crime Victimization Survey
B) the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey
C) the General Social Survey - Victimization
D) the Crime Severity Index

Question 12

Denise's bicycle was stolen from her garage. She called the police and filed a report on the robbery. This robbery will become part of the:

A) crime rate
B) victimization rate
C) Crime Severity Index
D) criminology rate

Question 13

In Canada, breaking into somebody's house and stealing a television is an example of:

A) deviance
B) criminology
C) crime
D) restoration

Question 14

If a student walks into a classroom and sits at the desk at the front of the class, where the teacher would normally sit, this is an example of:

A) deviance
B) crime
C) shaming
D) recidivism

Question 15

According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, which country has the highest homicide rate in the industrialized world?

A) Canada
B) The United States
C) Mexico
D) France

Question 16

Which is an example of an agent of formal control?

A) Parents
B) Teachers
C) Police
D) Media

Question 17

Bruce believes that the reason drunk driving is a crime in Canada is because most Canadians believe that it is wrong. This belief supports the:

A) conflict model of law
B) consensus model of law
C) crime index
D) dramatic fallacy of crime

Question 18

Behaviour that violates the norms that society has agreed upon is called:

A) crime
B) deviance
C) shaming
D) recidivism

Question 19

For sociologists, what is important in understanding deviance?

A) Knowing why some people are born deviant
B) Considering the social context
C) Appreciating that deviance is a personal problem
D) Making deviants stop their unsocial actions

Question 20

In Canada, who enforces the laws of society?

A) Agents of formal control
B) Agents of informal control
C) Agents of socialization
D) Agents of discredited stigma

Question 21

Little Ben was upset at Cecelia and called her "mean and ugly and stupid." The teacher told Ben to apologize to Cecelia in front of the whole class, and Cecelia accepted his apology. This is an example of:

A) incapacitation
B) stigmatized shame
C) reintegrative shaming
D) recidivism

Question 22

The belief that offenders should be punished for their actions is called:

A) rehabilitation
B) retribution
C) restoration
D) recidivism

Question 23

Which theory assumes that people are naturally social beings and are not prone to act criminally unless some biological, psychological, or social factor is involved?

A) Positivist
B) Classicist
C) Innovator
D) Labeller

Question 24

Which term refers to a mark of disgrace associated with a particular status, quality, or person?

A) Reintegrative shaming
B) General deterrence
C) Specific deterrence
D) Stigma

Question 25

The tendency for inmates released from prison to return to prison is called:

A) specific deterrence
B) general deterrence
C) restoration
D) recidivism

Question 26

Cesare Lombroso believed that criminals could be distinguished by which kind of characteristics?

A) Emotional
B) Psychological
C) Social
D) Physical

Question 27

While all Canadians are subject to the Criminal Code of Canada, some First Nations communities have adopted a process involving community members, the victim, and the offender. This process is called a:

A) retribution meeting
B) punishment process
C) sentencing circle
D) victim impact statement

Question 28

Mattieu was caught driving drunk and his car was towed away. This is an example of:

A) recidivism
B) restoration
C) incapacitation
D) rehabilitation

Question 29

Which term refers to a stigma that cannot be hidden from others, or is no longer hidden from others?

A) Discredited stigma
B) Discreditable stigma
C) Reintegrative shaming
D) Stigmatized shame

Question 30

Which group has the highest incarceration rate in Canada?

A) Aboriginals
B) Females
C) Youth
D) Adults 18 to 24 years old

Question 31

Which term refers to the principle that offenders can be successfully reintegrated into the wider society to live law-abiding lives in the community following their release?

A) Retribution meeting
B) Reintegrative justice
C) Recidivism
D) Restoration

Question 32

Melanie's parents have told her that she must be home by 11:00. Since Melanie came home late one night, her parents told her that she was not allowed to go out at all for one month. This is an example of:

A) specific deterrence
B) general deterrence
C) recidivism
D) restoration

Question 33

Which theory assumes that individuals make choices based on self-interest?

A) Biological positivism
B) Rational choice
C) Psychological positivism
D) Labelling theory

Question 34

In his first semester at college, Bernard was caught cheating on a test. The teacher advised the Dean and a letter was placed in Bernard's academic record. This is an example of:

A) reintegrative shaming
B) general deterrence
C) specific deterrence
D) stigmatized shame

Question 35

Along many Canadian highways, there are signs announcing "$200 fine for littering." These signs are an example of:

A) specific deterrence
B) general deterrence
C) rehabilitation
D) restoration

Question 36

In Canada, victim impact statements are used to give victims a voice in the criminal justice process. These statements are an example of:

A) restoration
B) general deterrence
C) rehabilitation
D) recidivism

Question 37

A measure that prevents someone from doing something because of fear of the consequences is called:

A) incapacitation
B) rehabilitation
C) deterrence
D) recidivism

Question 38

Tom believes that criminals suffer from antisocial personality disorders that cause them to break the rules. Tom's belief supports which perspective on crime and deviance?

A) Biological positivism
B) Labelling theory
C) Psychological positivism
D) Differential association

Question 39

Pierre was sent to prison for physically assaulting his girlfriend. While he was in prison, Pierre met with counsellors and psychologists to learn how to control his anger. These sessions were an attempt at:

A) incapacitation
B) general deterrence
C) rehabilitation
D) recidivism

Question 40

Which term refers to a stigma that can be concealed from others, such as sexual orientation or sexually transmitted infections?

A) Discredited stigma
B) Discreditable stigma
C) Reintegrative shaming
D) Stigmatized shame

Question 41

Tyler has been disruptive since Grade 1. Now that he is in Grade 4, all the teachers know that Tyler is a troublesome child, and none of them want him in their class next year. This is an example of:

A) primary deviance
B) general deterrence
C) specific deterrence
D) secondary deviance

Question 42

Shazeem has a strong conviction that good things happen to people who do good things. Shazeem's conviction is an example of:

A) attachment
B) commitment
C) involvement
D) belief

Question 43

Kareem is 17 years old. He attends school each day until 2:00 p.m. Then, Kareem goes to band practice until 4:30 pm. Afterwards, Kareem does his homework, eats dinner with his family, and then goes to work at the local pizza parlour until 10:00 pm. Kareem's level of activity in conventional activities is an example of:

A) attachment
B) involvement
C) commitment
D) belief

Question 44

Which is the third leg of the Canadian criminal justice system?

A) The police force
B) The provincial courts
C) The Supreme Court
D) The correctional system

Question 45

Marco has a wife and two children. This relationship that Marco has with others is called:

A) attachment
B) commitment
C) involvement
D) belief

Question 46

Amy stole a candy bar from the campus bookstore. This is the first time that Amy has ever stolen anything. This is an example of:

A) primary deviance
B) secondary deviance
C) generalized deterrence
D) specific deterrence

Question 47

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. used non-violent methods to create major societal changes in the treatment of minorities. Because Dr. King used his own means to create new goals, he was a(n):

A) rebel
B) retreatist
C) ritualist
D) innovator

Question 48

Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey proposed the differential association theory. What is the first proposition of this theory?

A) Deviance is innate.
B) Deviance is learned.
C) Deviance is inherited.
D) Deviance is different.

Question 49

Explain the three societal functions that crime fulfills.

Question 50

Randy's friends smoke marijuana and they think that it is cool. Randy learns that marijuana smoking is acceptable from these friends. This interaction is explained by:

A) containment theory
B) anomie theory
C) differential association theory
D) labelling theory

Question 51

Belinda wants to make money so that she can buy a house. Instead of getting a legitimate job, Belinda sells illegal drugs. Because she used illegal means to achieve a socially acceptable goal, Belinda is a(n):

A) innovator
B) retreatist
C) ritualist
D) conformist

Question 52

Kamil has been taking classes at the community college for the last eight years. However, Kamil is not pursuing a degree. Because Kamil accepts the traditional means of a achieving goal, but is not interested in the goal, he is a(n):

A) retreatist
B) ritualist
C) conformist
D) rebel

Question 53

Create a conversation in which a functionalist, a feminist theorist, a symbolic interactionist, and a conflict theorist share their views on deviance.

Question 54

Armed robbery is considered a serious crime in Canada. As such, it is a(n):

A) indictable offence
B) recidivism crime
C) summary conviction offence
D) plea bargain

Question 55

Émile Durkheim noted that crime helps society because it meets one of three social needs. Durkheim's belief supports:

A) differential association theory
B) functionalism
C) symbolic interactionism
D) conflict theory

Question 56

Tyrone wants to be a professional football player someday. He is dedicated to living a socially acceptable life so that he can reach this goal. Tyrone's dedication is called:

A) attachment
B) commitment
C) involvement
D) belief

Question 57

Latitia wants to buy a car. She works two jobs and saves her money to purchase a car. Because she used socially acceptable means to achieve a socially acceptable goal, Latitia is a(n):

A) innovator
B) retreatist
C) ritualist
D) conformist

Question 58

The ideology that female offenders are treated more leniently by male police officers and judges is part of the:

A) social conflict theory
B) labelling theory
C) chivalry hypothesis
D) preferential treatment principle

Question 59

Jacquez rejects the goals of society and the socially acceptable means of achieving those goals. All that he cares about is getting his next hit of methamphetamine. Jacquez is a(n):

A) retreatist
B) rebel
C) ritualist
D) innovator

Question 60

In the Canadian justice system, less serious types of criminal offences are called:

A) mandatory minimums
B) recidivism
C) summary conviction offences
D) plea bargaining

Question 61

Deviance exists in every culture.

Question 62

Discuss strain theory and explain the five modes of adaptation.

Question 63

Discuss the five goals of punishment. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?

Question 64

List three problems that researchers face when making international comparisons of crime data.

Question 65

Compare and contrast the consensus model of law and the conflict model of law.

Question 66

Explain differential association theory and describe Sutherland's nine propositions.

Question 67

Explain the five characteristics that sociologists understand about deviance.

Question 68

Identify and describe the different parts of the criminal justice system.

Question 69

Police reports are the most accurate way to measure the amount of crime in Canada.

Question 70

In Canada, Aboriginal adults are overrepresented in the prison population.

Question 71

The "chivalry hypothesis" suggests that women are more likely than men to be arrested and sent to prison when they commit crimes.

Question 72

Explain how gender, ethnicity, social class, and age impact crime trends.

Question 73

Discuss shaming. Compare and contrast stigmatized shame and reintegrative shaming.

Question 74

Most crimes are committed by men over 40 years of age.

Question 75

Explain the various sources of crime statistics. Evaluate the strengths and limitations of each.

Question 76

Discuss labelling theory. Compare and contrast primary and secondary deviance.

Question 77

Explain what is meant by the term "chivalry hypothesis." What are some of the impacts of this kind of behaviour?

Question 78

In Canada, the recidivism rate is 37 percent.

Question 79

Discuss the four social bonds identified by Travis Hirschi that predict criminality. Provide an example of each.

Question 80

Discuss deterrence. Compare and contrast general deterrence and specific deterrence.