Question 1

The most common cause of lower extremity amputation in later life is:&#10;A)Automobile accident&#10;B)Vascular disease associated with long-term diabetes&#10;C)Stroke with peripheral vascular deficit&#10;D)Amputation from any cause is rare in later life.

Accepted Answer

Vascular disease associated with long-term diabetes is the most common cause of lower extremity amputation in later life. Diabetes can damage the blood vessels, which can lead to poor circulation and ultimately, amputation if left untreated. Automobile accidents and strokes are not as common causes of amputation in older adults. While amputation is not common in later life, it is still an important issue to address for those at risk.

Question 2

When working with an older adult with a lower extremity amputation,the best time to start setting rehabilitation goals is:&#10;A)Before surgery&#10;B)Immediately after surgery&#10;C)Once the wound has healed&#10;D)Rehabilitation is ineffective,so assistive interventions are the main consideration

Accepted Answer

Setting rehabilitation goals before surgery allows for better planning and preparation, addressing both physical and psychological aspects, and can lead to improved outcomes post-surgery.

Question 3

For older adults with osteoporosis and vertebral fractures,a change in the recommendations about exercise interventions would be:&#10;A)Increase vigorous aerobic activity to more than 150 minutes per week&#10;B)Alternate upper and lower extremity weight-bearing exercise&#10;C)Consider reducing intensity of aerobic activity&#10;D)Focus progressive resistance exercise on intensity

Accepted Answer

Older adults with osteoporosis and vertebral fractures may need to reduce the intensity of aerobic activity to prevent further injury and accommodate their physical limitations.

Question 4

In treating people with stroke,research demonstrates that two factors are particularly important in rehabilitation outcomes.Those factors are:&#10;A)Repetition and intensity of motor interventions&#10;B)Provision of speech services and physical therapy&#10;C)Incorporation of work-related occupations&#10;D)Daily meetings with social work and weekly medication review

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the repetition and intensity of motor interventions are important factors in stroke rehabilitation outcomes as they help improve functional outcomes and reduce disability. The other options may be important in stroke rehabilitation, but they are not identified as the most important factors in research findings.

Question 5

As distinct from rheumatoid arthritis,osteoarthritis is:&#10;A)A systemic disease with a strong genetic etiology&#10;B)Associated with wear and tear on articular cartilage&#10;C)An autoimmune disorder&#10;D)A consequence of immobility and limited physical activity

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis is primarily caused by the wear and tear on articular cartilage that occurs over time, rather than by systemic or genetic factors (A), autoimmune dysfunction (C), or immobility (D).

Question 6

A complication of osteoporosis is:&#10;A)Increased fall risk&#10;B)Muscle aches&#10;C)Increased fracture risk&#10;D)Joint inflammation

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is a condition where the bones become brittle and fragile due to loss of tissue. This can lead to an increased risk of fractures, especially in the hip, spine, and wrist. Therefore, the correct answer is C as increased fracture risk is a well-known complication of osteoporosis. While A and D may be associated with osteoporosis, the most significant complication is the increased fracture risk. Muscle aches or pain may also occur, but this is not a specific or well-known complication of osteoporosis. Joint inflammation may occur with other conditions, but it is not a common complication of osteoporosis.

Question 7

A particularly important element of early intervention for people with Parkinson's disease is:&#10;A)Increased intense aerobic exercise&#10;B)Provision of assistive devices&#10;C)Relocation to an assisted living setting&#10;D)Motor learning activities with ample motor practice

Accepted Answer

Motor learning activities with ample motor practice have been shown to be effective in slowing disease progression and improving motor functioning in people with Parkinson's disease. This includes activities such as balance and gait training, as well as exercises to improve hand dexterity and fine motor skills. Other interventions such as assistive devices and relocation to assisted living settings may be helpful for some individuals, but they do not have the same impact on disease progression and motor functioning as motor learning activities. Additionally, increased intense aerobic exercise has also been found to be effective in improving motor symptoms and overall health in people with Parkinson's disease, but it is not the most important element of early intervention.

Question 8

The most common form of joint disease in later life is:&#10;A)Osteoporosis&#10;B)Rheumatoid arthritis&#10;C)Cruciate ligament tear&#10;D)Osteoarthritis

Accepted Answer

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease in later life, affecting millions of people worldwide. It is a degenerative joint disease that results in the breakdown of cartilage in the joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint mobility. While osteoporosis is also a common condition in older adults, it is not a joint disease but rather a condition of reduced bone density that increases the risk of fractures. Rheumatoid arthritis and cruciate ligament tears are also joint conditions, but they are less common in later life compared to osteoarthritis.

Question 9

Which of the following would NOT be considered a major osteoporotic fracture?&#10;A)Distal fibula&#10;B)Vertebral body&#10;C)Proximal femur&#10;D)Proximal humerus

Accepted Answer

While all four of these bone fractures are serious, only the distal fibula is not considered a major osteoporotic fracture. The other three, vertebral body, proximal femur, and proximal humerus, are all major osteoporotic fractures due to their potential for significant morbidity and mortality.

Question 10

Characteristic signs of Parkinson's disease include:&#10;A)Tremor after physical exertion&#10;B)Resting tremor and difficulty initiating motor action&#10;C)Tongue thrust during initiation of speech&#10;D)Gastrointestinal changes,most notably frequent diarrhea

Accepted Answer

Resting tremor and difficulty initiating motor action are characteristic signs of Parkinson's disease. Tremor after physical exertion, tongue thrust during initiation of speech, and gastrointestinal changes are not specific to Parkinson's disease.

Deck 15: Neuromuscular and Movement Function: Health Conditions