Deck 19: Political Stalemate and Rural Revolt, 1865-1900

Question 1

One of the biggest problems farmers faced was falling commodity prices, caused in part by overproduction.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Why was the development of cast-iron and steel-frame construction techniques significant to the growth of cities?

A) The growth of streetcars depended on such techniques.
B) They were the primary engines of job growth.
C) They allowed developers to erect high-rise buildings.
D) They were invented by immigrant laborers.
E) They demonstrated the value of female ingenuity.

Answer 2

They allowed developers to erect high-rise buildings.

Question 3

The peak decade of immigration was the 1890s.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In major cities, politics was often a form of public entertainment.

Question 5

Mugwumps tended to oppose civil service reform.

Question 6

One major task in big cities was disposing of horse waste.

Question 7

One of the reasons mass transit was significant to developing cities was because:

A) it increased the reliance on horse-drawn transportation
B) it allowed larger numbers of people to become commuters and live away from the central city
C) it stifled the growth of the city by drawing jobs to the periphery
D) it prevented parks from being built inside city limits
E) it kept the population of women living in the city very low

Question 8

Which region of the United States had the greatest proportion of urban dwellers?

A) the Northeast
B) the South
C) the middle Atlantic
D) the Far West
E) the Great Plains

Question 9

Charles Darwin's Origin of Species put forward the theory of evolution.

Question 10

Charles Darwin coined the phrase, "survival of the fittest."

Question 11

Politics in the late nineteenth century was dominated by a series of strong presidents.

Question 12

Tenement houses in New York City:

A) were cramped, yet offered more privacy than apartments
B) were urban, yet their courtyards offered children a sense of nature
C) had higher mortality rates than among the general population
D) were clean
E) usually had two to three families in each building

Question 13

By 1920, more than half the U.S. population was urban.

Question 14

By 1900, all of the following technologies had helped transform mass transit EXCEPT:

A) subways
B) electric trolleys
C) cable cars
D) gasoline-powered buses
E) elevated trains

Question 15

The Grange was the leading farm organization through the 1890s.

Question 16

Saloons were the poor man's social clubs during the late nineteenth century.

Question 17

The spread of mass transit was a major factor in the growth of the suburbs.

Question 18

Tenement housing gave city dwellers substantially healthier and more comfortable living conditions.

Question 19

Ellis Island was built by New York City primarily to handle an influx of immigrants.

Question 20

When first created, the ICC was too weak to regulate the railroads effectively.

Question 21

The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act:

A) provided for appointments only in the postal service
B) was signed into law by James Garfield
C) was vetoed as "an unconstitutional intrusion of government into the private sphere" by Benjamin Harrison
D) set up the first racial quotas for government service jobs
E) provided for appointment to a number of government jobs on the basis of competitive exams

Question 22

Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission created?

A) to expand American exports
B) to regulate railroads
C) to encourage increased imports of foreign goods
D) to boost the dairy industry
E) to clean up corruption in politics

Question 23

The Stalwarts:

A) were led by Roscoe Conkling
B) generally favored a lenient southern policy
C) were a faction in the Democratic party
D) were also known as the Half-Breeds
E) had opposed Ulysses S. Grant

Question 24

Vaudeville shows were popular because:

A) they included something to please every taste, social class, and type
B) women and children were not permitted to attend them
C) native-born Americans liked that immigrants were banned from them
D) they were free
E) they doubled as inexpensive daycare for the working poor

Question 25

After 1890, most immigrants were:

A) from northern and western Europe
B) from southern and eastern Europe
C) of Teutonic and Celtic origin
D) from Mexico
E) members of the professional class

Question 26

During the campaign for the presidential election of 1884, many prominent Republican leaders and supporters left the party because:

A) they would not vote for a woman as vice president
B) the Mugwumps had gained power within the party
C) letters were discovered linking candidate James G. Blaine to the railroads
D) the party refused to take a firm stand on the tariff
E) they would not vote for Grant to serve a third term

Question 27

The American Protective Association:

A) was a group of pharmaceutical companies that began a sanitation campaign in New York City
B) was mainly an anti-Semitic organization operating in the Deep South
C) was a secret organization whose members pledged never to employ or vote for a Roman Catholic
D) campaigned for a stronger navy from its base in the Northeast
E) consisted almost entirely of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who favored liberal immigration policies

Question 28

Middle- and upper-class urban families spent much of their leisure time:

A) together at home playing games or reading books
B) in saloons
C) attending vaudeville shows
D) traveling out West
E) helping poor people

Question 29

Which of the following would most likely have been a Gilded Age Democrat?

A) a New England Protestant
B) a nativist
C) an Irish immigrant
D) an African American
E) a Union veteran

Question 30

Ellis Island was located right outside the port of:

A) Boston
B) San Francisco
C) New York City
D) Philadelphia
E) Charleston

Question 31

The exclusion of Chinese immigrants:

A) came only after the exclusion of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe
B) came only after the exclusion of immigrants from northern and western Europe
C) was opposed by white workers in the Far West
D) was supported by President Chester Arthur
E) originally called for a ten-year term

Question 32

What do cholera, typhoid, and yellow fever all have in common?

A) They are all water-related diseases.
B) They are all air-related diseases.
C) They are all sexually transmitted diseases.
D) They are all food-related diseases.
E) They are all genetic disorders.

Question 33

Why was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 significant in American immigration history?

A) It sent all the Chinese immigrants in the United States back to China.
B) It was the first federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race and class.
C) It was the first time Congress was unable to override a presidential veto of an immigration law.
D) It denied citizenship to any Chinese born in the United States.
E) It removed all restrictions from American immigration law.

Question 34

Around 1900, saloons did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) offer mail services
B) provide public restrooms for poor people
C) serve alcohol
D) provide refuges for the homeless
E) serve as a great place for immigrant men to meet women

Question 35

All of the following contributed to epidemics, disease, and high mortality rates in the growing cities EXCEPT:

A) overflowing garbage
B) untreated sewage
C) contaminated water
D) the banishment of animals to outside city limits
E) overcrowding

Question 36

"Nativists" believed:

A) immigration was a boon to the American economy
B) American Indians were the preferred source of workers
C) Chester Arthur was foreign-born and not a real U.S. citizen
D) religion had no place in the public sphere
E) immigrants were a threat to their jobs and way of life

Question 37

William "Boss" Tweed controlled:

A) the Populist party
B) Chicago's South Side
C) the Greenback party
D) Kansas City
E) Tammany Hall

Question 38

The public health officials and municipal engineers that tried to clean up the city and its public health dangers were called:

A) garbage men
B) health care professionals
C) missionaries
D) sanitary reformers
E) cowboys

Question 39

The reason that Chester A. Arthur did not win a second term in 1884 is that:

A) he was elected to the presidency with less than half of the popular vote
B) he died in office
C) he pledged to serve only one term after replacing the assassinated James Blaine
D) he switched parties
E) Republican party leaders were not pleased with his first-term record and did not nominate him to run for a second term

Question 40

Mugwumps were centered in:

A) the land grant colleges across the country
B) the agricultural colleges of the South
C) the Far West and major universities
D) the Midwest and small colleges
E) large cities and major universities in the Northeast

Question 41

Facing severe restrictions in their free time, married working women often:

A) spent their days totally alone
B) found fellowship with other women on the public streets while tending to other responsibilities
C) divorced their husbands and abandoned their children
D) ran for political office to change the laws that hurt them
E) settled for having pets

Question 42

What was the purpose of the "subtreasury plan"?

A) It promoted deflation by withdrawing silver certificates from circulation.
B) It reestablished the gold standard.
C) It reclaimed unused land from the railroads.
D) It allowed farmers to secure low-interest government loans.
E) It said that the national bank could pull supplemental cash from private banks.

Question 43

"You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!" This statement was made by:

A) William McKinley
B) William Jennings Bryan
C) Grover Cleveland
D) Thomas E. Watson
E) William Henry Harrison

Question 44

Commodity prices during the Gilded Age declined in large part because of:

A) rampant inflation
B) overproduction and international competition in world markets
C) free-silver policies
D) low American tariff rates
E) lazy farmers

Question 45

Young, urban women eager for recreation frequented all of the following EXCEPT:

A) dance halls
B) theaters
C) amusement parks
D) picnic grounds
E) boxing matches

Question 46

"Equal rights to all, special privileges to none" was the slogan of the:

A) Farmers' Alliance
B) Democrats
C) Southern Alliance
D) Republicans
E) Greenback party

Question 47

In the late nineteenth century, the least likely place you would find a woman spending her leisure time was at:

A) the movies
B) a vaudeville show
C) a saloon
D) a public park
E) a dance hall

Question 48

During the depression of 1893, unemployment hovered around:

A) every industry, particularly construction
B) twenty percent
C) fifty percent
D) as high as seventy-five percent in New York
E) manufacturing jobs, but not the service sector

Question 49

Mary Elizabeth Lease:

A) founded the Patrons of Husbandry (the Grange)
B) was the presidential candidate of the Greenback party in 1892
C) was a Kansas Alliance leader
D) wrote the 1892 Omaha platform for the People's party
E) was the lone female leader in the Stalwart movement

Question 50

During the 1896 campaign, William Jennings Bryan:

A) promised to continue the policies of Grover Cleveland
B) tried to de-emphasize his platform's demand for free silver
C) spoke and campaigned all over the country
D) refused to mix politics and religion
E) ran what journalists called a "front-porch campaign"

Question 51

One of the causes of the 1893 depression was failure of:

A) the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad
B) the stock market
C) the commodity price index
D) housing starts in 1891 and 1892
E) President Cleveland to regulate the railroads

Question 52

One of the main reasons McKinley defeated Bryan in the election of 1896 was that:

A) Bryan could not win the support of rural America
B) Bryan was a terrible orator who bored his audience with his speeches
C) Bryan's "front-porch campaign" alienated many voters
D) Bryan got little support from factory workers in the cities
E) the Populists refused to support his candidacy

Question 53

Popular Science Monthly, founded in 1872, became the chief magazine for promoting:

A) the Academy of American Science
B) the Republican party
C) The Greenback party
D) The Progressive party
E) social Darwinism

Question 54

Social Darwinism implied the need for:

A) strong central government
B) forced natural selection
C) competition for dominance between different social groups
D) hands off, laissez-faire government policy
E) racial equality

Question 55

The Supreme Court decision Munn v. Illinois was significant to understanding the power of government to regulate industry because:

A) it denied the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public welfare
B) it upheld the sweeping power of the federal government to regulate any industry in any fashion it saw fit
C) it denied the federal government any power to regulate any industry
D) it upheld the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public interest
E) it decided that all government regulatory power over industry rested with city and town governments

Question 56

Following the 1893 depression, Coxey's Army:

A) demanded government jobs for the unemployed
B) organized a massive protest march down Wall Street
C) tried to overthrow the government
D) carried Cleveland into the White House
E) was led by a poor, broken farmer from Iowa

Question 57

What distinguished the Farmers' Alliances from the Granger movement?

A) The Grangers focused solely on social and recreational activities, while the Alliances focused solely on political action.
B) The Grangers supported free-silver economic policies, while the Alliances supported the gold standard.
C) The Grangers supported low tariffs, while the Alliances supported high tariffs.
D) The Grange was a national organization that tended to attract more prosperous farmers, while the Alliances were grass roots organizations filled with struggling farmers.
E) The Grangers were predominantly a wing of the Democratic party while the Alliances were predominantly a wing of the Republican party.

Question 58

Benjamin Harrison lost the popular vote in the 1888 election. How was he able to win the presidency?

A) Corruption by the political machines affected the outcome.
B) His opponent died before he could take office.
C) He ran in and won the 1892 election.
D) He earned a majority of the electoral votes.
E) The House of Representatives voted to overturn the election results.

Question 59

During the presidential election of 1892, the Populist candidate James B. Weaver:

A) campaigned against a "progressive" income tax
B) discovered the cure for malaria
C) won Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, and Idaho
D) was elected vice president
E) was the only presidential candidate to be raised in Iowa

Question 60

Herbert Spencer:

A) coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"
B) was the influential president of Harvard University
C) invented the modern game of basketball
D) was the first person to earn a PhD from an American university
E) cowrote On the Origin of Species with Charles Darwin

Question 61

William Graham Sumner:

A) wrote "The Gospel of Wealth," a social Darwinist justification for accumulated wealth
B) was one of the most outspoken opponents of Darwinism in America
C) argued in his book Folkways that it was a mistake for the government to interfere with established customs
D) wrote System of Synthetic Philosophy
E) preached that the law of God and the laws of nature were one and the same

Question 62

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Jacob S. Coxey

A)chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before it was overridden by Congress
H)led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed
I)founded the Grange
J)McKinley's campaign manager

Question 63

Describe the explosive growth of urbanization in the late nineteenth century. What factors led to this growth, and where did the largest growth take place?

Question 64

Realists' emphasis on closely observing everyday life grew out of:

A) transcendentalism
B) reform Darwinism
C) social Darwinism
D) socialism
E) the scientific spirit

Question 65

Describe politics in the Gilded Age. What were the main issues? What factors influenced voters to be either Republican or Democrat?

Question 66

How did immigration to America change in the latter half of the nineteenth century, and what was the response to that change?

Question 67

The main idea of reform Darwinism was that:

A) humans, made in the image of God, should not be included among the animals when discussing Darwinism
B) government should not interfere with business
C) cooperation, not competition, would best promote progress
D) man continued to evolve according to Darwin's principles of natural selection
E) for society to truly reform, any "imitation" of welfare must cease

Question 68

Discuss the most serious public health challenges the urban population faced, how those challenges were addressed, and how effective the solutions were.

Question 69

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
James G. Blaine

A)chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before it was overridden by Congress
H)led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed
I)founded the Grange
J)McKinley's campaign manager

Question 70

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
William Jennings Bryan

A)chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before it was overridden by Congress
H)led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed
I)founded the Grange
J)McKinley's campaign manager

Question 71

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
William Graham Sumner

A)chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before it was overridden by Congress
H)led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed
I)founded the Grange
J)McKinley's campaign manager

Question 72

Discuss the status of the American economy as the nineteenth century came to an end. Be sure to include the issues of currency and the tension between the silverites and the goldbugs.

Question 73

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Mark Hanna

A)chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before it was overridden by Congress
H)led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed
I)founded the Grange
J)McKinley's campaign manager

Question 74

Trace the issues and events surrounding the election of 1888. How was it that the person who won the popular vote still lost the election?

Question 75

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Chester Arthur

A)chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before it was overridden by Congress
H)led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed
I)founded the Grange
J)McKinley's campaign manager

Question 76

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Oliver H. Kelley

A)chief spokesperson for reform Darwinism
B)wrote On the Origin of Species
C)Republican leader of the "Half-Breeds"
D)devised the subtreasury plan
E)wrote Folkways
F)Democratic presidential candidate in 1896
G)vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act before it was overridden by Congress
H)led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the unemployed
I)founded the Grange
J)McKinley's campaign manager

Question 77

Describe how living in an urban environment impacted women's lives.

Question 78

Why was Lester Frank Ward's Dynamic Sociology considered a challenge to William Graham Sumner's "social Darwinism"?

A) Ward embraced "survival of the fittest," while Sumner embraced "survival of the smartest."
B) Ward believed that humans had no control over their destiny, while Sumner argued the opposite.
C) Ward denied the existence of evolution, while social Darwinism was based entirely on the scientific theory of evolution.
D) Ward argued that cooperation among people better promoted progress, while Sumner believed in competition.
E) Ward was a Democrat, and Sumner was a Republican.

Question 79

Compare social Darwinism and reform Darwinism. What were the basic assumptions of each movement?

Question 80

By the end of the Gilded Age, the values of a metropolitan and industrial America had triumphed over those of a rural and agrarian America. What evidence supports this statement?