Deck 21: The Progressive Era, 1890-1920

Question 1

The author of Working People and their Employers was:

A) George F. Baer
B) Ray Stannard Baker
C) Henry Demarest Lloyd
D) Washington Gladden
E) Ida M. Tarbell

Answer 1

Washington Gladden

Question 2

Wilson was a weak president who trusted Congress to adopt the proper policies.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The muckrakers saw their primary objective as:

A) converting Americans to socialism
B) exposing social problems to the public
C) increasing the circulation of sensationalist newspapers
D) proposing detailed legislation
E) destroying the Republican party

Answer 3

exposing social problems to the public

Question 4

Among the varied sources of progressivism were populism and the Mugwumps.

Question 5

Federal money for farm demonstration agents was approved in the Adamson Act.

Question 6

William Howard Taft finished second in the presidential election of 1912.

Question 7

Woodrow Wilson was a minister's son who grew up in the South.

Question 8

Woodrow Wilson was elected president in 1908.

Question 9

Theodore Roosevelt took a strong activist approach to the presidency.

Question 10

The phrase "Square Deal" is associated with Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 11

The Underwood-Simmons Tariff created the first regular federal income tax.

Question 12

WCTU:

A) was the first radio station in America
B) stood for Women's Christian Temperance Union
C) was the radio station Roosevelt made famous while president
D) stood for Western Colorado Teamsters Union
E) was the abbreviation of Western Connecticut University, where Wilson got his start as a professor

Question 13

Theodore Roosevelt initiated more anti-trust suits than any president in history.

Question 14

Theodore Roosevelt considered the Federal Trade Commission to be the cornerstone of his program for big business.

Question 15

Theodore Roosevelt gave muckrakers their name.

Question 16

One of Taft's major issues became his support for high tariffs.

Question 17

Progressives generally believed government should not interfere with big business.

Question 18

Progressives supported all of the following as measures to democratize government EXCEPT:

A) the initiative
B) the referendum
C) the party primary
D) the poll tax
E) the popular election of senators

Question 19

Ida M. Tarbell is best known for her investigation of:

A) Standard Oil
B) McClure's
C) J.P. Morgan Bank
D) Congress
E) poverty in America

Question 20

Booker T. Washington was the most prominent black leader in the early twentieth century.

Question 21

Jane Addams called the impulse to found settlement houses:

A) "a woman's response to alcoholism and abuse"
B) "urban enlightenment"
C) "the upper-class prayer answered"
D) "my duty as a mother to my children's future"
E) Christian humanitarianism

Question 22

At the Triangle Shirtwaist Company in 1911:

A) a strike resulted in the intervention of federal troops
B) Frederick Taylor first applied his scientific management principles
C) workers died as a result of a fire
D) the labor force was found to be made up entirely of children
E) Samuel Gompers first developed his idea for what became the Hepburn Act

Question 23

Who stated, "most of us in the North do not believe in any real democracy between white and colored men"?

A) Booker T. Washington
B) Ray Stannard Baker
C) Theodore Roosevelt
D) Upton Sinclair
E) Ida Turnbell

Question 24

Frederick W. Taylor:

A) was an Oregon reformer responsible for many progressive measures enacted there
B) wrote The Principles of Scientific Management
C) was the progressive editor of Arena
D) was founder of the National Child Labor Committee
E) authored the bill on reclamation for the western states

Question 25

The first place in the United States to extend equal voting rights to women was:

A) Massachusetts
B) New York
C) the New Mexico Territory
D) the Oregon Territory
E) the Wyoming Territory

Question 26

Theodore Roosevelt's close friend Gifford Pinchot was:

A) the president's chief speechwriter
B) a strict prohibitionist who pushed for the Seventeenth Amendment
C) one of the most famous muckrakers
D) the attorney general who broke up the Northern Securities Company
E) a forestry expert and leading conservationist

Question 27

In 1917, a Prohibition amendment to the Constitution:

A) passed Congress, then went to the states for ratification
B) was ratified by the states as the Eighteenth Amendment
C) was overturned by the Twenty-first Amendment
D) failed passage by Congress, but was ratified by the states anyway
E) passed Congress but was vetoed by the president

Question 28

During the coal strike of 1902:

A) President Theodore Roosevelt won support for his use of the "big stick" against corporations
B) thousands of striking miners marched on Washington, starting a riot that lasted three days
C) President Theodore Roosevelt threatened to use the army to force strikers back to work
D) arbitrators awarded the miners all their demands
E) more than 800 miners and their families died in the Rockies

Question 29

Which of the following statements regarding the coal strike of 1902 is NOT true?

A) The coal strike ended on October 23.
B) In 1902, Roosevelt threatened to take over coal mines in West Virginia and Pennsylvania.
C) UWA leaders called mine owners "wooden-headed."
D) Roosevelt once bellowed that "the Constitution is more important than coal!"
E) The United Mine Workers walked off the job in Pennsylvania and West Virginia.

Question 30

In the area of conservation, Theodore Roosevelt:

A) believed strongly that natural resources should be preserved, but felt that this was a matter for state, not federal, action
B) angered many conservationists by his appointment of Gifford Pinchot, a businessman with no experience in conservation, as head of the Division of Forestry
C) used the Forest Reserve Act to withdraw over 170 million acres of timberland from logging
D) vetoed a bill authorizing a National Conservation Commission
E) angered western hunters by closing much of the western public lands

Question 31

The originator of the Wisconsin idea of efficient government was:

A) Lewis Hine
B) Hiram Johnson
C) Florence Kelley
D) Robert M. La Follette
E) Louis Brandeis

Question 32

Congress established the Bureau of Corporations:

A) to monitor the activities of interstate corporations
B) to encourage the development of American industry
C) to educate businesses about tariff standards
D) to keep an eye on the lobbying efforts in Congress
E) to educate businesses about new interpretations of the Fourteenth Amendment

Question 33

The title of the novel that described the terrible conditions of the meat-packing industry was:

A) Chicago
B) The Great American Fraud
C) The Jungle
D) Maggie
E) How the Other Half Lives

Question 34

As a result of the Brownsville Riot in 1906:

A) Roosevelt supported the African American soldiers
B) Roosevelt discharged the entire regiment of African American soldiers
C) Congress impeached Roosevelt
D) Congress protested Roosevelt's actions
E) The state of Texas discharged the entire African American regiment

Question 35

The commission system of city government was first adopted in:

A) Atlanta, Georgia
B) Durham, North Carolina
C) Galveston, Texas
D) Springfield, Missouri
E) Columbia, South Carolina

Question 36

Frances Willard lobbied for these issues important to women EXCEPT:

A) child labor laws
B) government-funded kindergartens
C) the eight-hour workday
D) women to become ministers
E) the right to vote

Question 37

Elizabeth Cady Stanton is associated with:

A) the National Woman Suffrage Association
B) writing Man and Nature
C) the anti-conservation movement
D) San Francisco
E) the Bureau of Reclamation

Question 38

The major forces behind the social gospel movement were:

A) Jews and Catholics
B) Protestants and Jews
C) local government
D) Protestants and Catholics
E) the federal government

Question 39

The National Child Labor Committee pushed:

A) to allow as many immigrant children to enter the workforce as possible
B) to open more technical schools
C) federal legislation allowing children to work more hours
D) for laws prohibiting the employment of young children
E) for mandatory scholarships for employees' children

Question 40

Which of the following best describes the method used by most progressives to solve the problem of economic power and its abuses?

A) adopt a socialist program of public ownership
B) follow the principles of laissez-faire government
C) regulate big business
D) allow business to work out its own destiny
E) lower taxes so that companies would raise wages

Question 41

A major factor in Woodrow Wilson's victory in the 1912 presidential campaign was the fact that:

A) many Republicans supported his nomination
B) wealthy Democrats poured millions of dollars into his campaign
C) the United States was at war
D) people liked Mrs. Wilson
E) the Republican party had split in two

Question 42

The Seventeenth Amendment:

A) authorized the popular election of U.S. senators
B) gave women the right to vote
C) called for direct primaries
D) authorized the federal income tax
E) made the production and distribution of alcohol illegal

Question 43

Upon becoming president, Wilson appointed as secretary of the navy:

A) Louis Brandeis
B) Champ Clark
C) Colonel Edward House
D) Josephus Daniels
E) William Howard Taft

Question 44

Which candidate was shot during the 1912 presidential campaign?

A) Eugene V. Debs
B) Theodore Roosevelt
C) William Howard Taft
D) Woodrow Wilson
E) Grover Cleveland

Question 45

The Federal Reserve Act did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) make currency and bank credit more elastic
B) create twelve Federal Reserve banks
C) lessen the power of the huge New York banks
D) serve as the first major banking and currency reform in half a century
E) shifted the U.S. Treasury back to the gold standard

Question 46

Of the four presidential candidates in 1912, the one most likely to advocate government ownership of big business was:

A) William Jennings Bryan
B) Woodrow Wilson
C) William Howard Taft
D) Theodore Roosevelt
E) Eugene V. Debs

Question 47

The issue that provoked an open break between Taft and Roosevelt was:

A) Taft's support for lower tariffs
B) Taft's reduction in the size of the navy
C) Taft's anti-trust suit against United States Steel Corporation
D) Taft's support for the federal income tax
E) Taft's firing of Pinchot

Question 48

During the 1908 presidential race:

A) Theodore Roosevelt sought reelection
B) the Democrats once again nominated William Jennings Bryan
C) the Socialist vote practically disappeared
D) prohibition became the major issue
E) Taft lost to Cleveland

Question 49

During his first term as president, Wilson did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) refuse to support a federal amendment for women's suffrage
B) allow the spread of racist practices in the federal government
C) withhold support for federal child-labor legislation
D) fail to reorganize the banking system
E) oppose a bill for low-interest loans to farmers

Question 50

President Taft's domestic policies generated a storm of controversy:

A) overseas
B) within the Democratic party
C) within the Progressive party
D) in the military
E) within his own party

Question 51

As president, Taft:

A) was able to unite a faction-ridden Republican party with his towering personality
B) opposed both the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments
C) brought fewer than one third the number of anti-trust suits prosecuted under Roosevelt
D) preserved more public lands in four years than Roosevelt had in nearly eight
E) was the first divorcee to hold the office

Question 52

William Howard Taft:

A) was Roosevelt's choice as his successor
B) was described by many journalists as "the ultimate politician"
C) found solid support from voters only in the South and Southwest
D) was, in the Republican tradition, opposed to a lower tariff
E) eventually was elected president as a member of the Progressive party

Question 53

Contrary to his party's tradition, President Taft called for:

A) a moderately high tariff
B) no tariff
C) a lower tariff
D) a high tariff only on luxury items
E) a drastically higher inheritance tax

Question 54

Of the following, who eventually became chief justice of the Supreme Court?

A) William Jennings Bryan
B) Herbert Croly
C) Louis Brandeis
D) William Howard Taft
E) Gifford Pinchot

Question 55

The election of 1912 did all of the following EXCEPT:

A) gain effective national power for Democrats for the first time in over half a century
B) signal the return of southerners to national and international affairs for the first time since the Civil War
C) alter the character of the Republican party, making it more conservative
D) offer a high-water mark for progressivism
E) bring the same man to the White House in nonconsecutive terms

Question 56

The Clayton Anti-Trust Act:

A) was more lenient toward big business than was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
B) outlawed price discrimination and interlocking directorates
C) was originally opposed by labor union leaders
D) was considered by Theodore Roosevelt the crowning achievement of his administration
E) made it possible for corporate officials to be held responsible for violations

Question 57

Woodrow Wilson was:

A) a professor and college president
B) the leading Roman Catholic politician at the turn of the century
C) the progressive governor of Oregon
D) influenced mainly by Populist reformers
E) the first Californian to win the White House

Question 58

The Underwood-Simmons Tariff:

A) raised the average tariff and hence was supported by Wilson
B) lowered the average tariff and hence was opposed by Wilson
C) raised the average tariff and hence was opposed by Wilson
D) lowered the average tariff and hence was supported by Wilson
E) kept tariffs the same as under Taft and Roosevelt

Question 59

Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom platform:

A) proposed vigorous anti-trust action to break up corporate concentration
B) accepted gigantic corporations as a fact of modern economic life
C) was the creation of a writer named Herbert Croly
D) was the reason he won the 1912 election
E) was vehemently opposed by Louis Brandeis

Question 60

During the presidential election of 1912, William Howard Taft:

A) was the Republican candidate
B) campaigned for his "Bull Moose" program
C) named George W. Norris as his vice-presidential running mate
D) defeated Woodrow Wilson
E) lost to Grover Cleveland

Question 61

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Eugene V. Debs

A)was the original "efficiency expert"
B)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1904
C)wrote The Jungle
D)was a Socialist party presidential candidate multiple times
E)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1912
F)influenced New Nationalism with The Promise of American Life
G)wrote Congressional Government
H)wrote articles for McClure's
I)served on the Ohio Supreme Court
J)was the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court

Question 62

Despite Josephus Daniels's racist views, President Wilson still nominated Daniels for:

A) secretary of state
B) secretary of the navy
C) secretary of war
D) secretary of the interior
E) secretary of transportation

Question 63

In what ways was the election of 1912 significant?

Question 64

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Lincoln Steffens

A)was the original "efficiency expert"
B)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1904
C)wrote The Jungle
D)was a Socialist party presidential candidate multiple times
E)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1912
F)influenced New Nationalism with The Promise of American Life
G)wrote Congressional Government
H)wrote articles for McClure's
I)served on the Ohio Supreme Court
J)was the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court

Question 65

The Adamson Act of 1916:

A) restricted child labor
B) provided low-interest loans to farmers
C) provided federal funds to build highways
D) established the eight-hour day for railroad workers
E) made the consumption of alcohol legal for soldiers

Question 66

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Louis D. Brandeis

A)was the original "efficiency expert"
B)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1904
C)wrote The Jungle
D)was a Socialist party presidential candidate multiple times
E)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1912
F)influenced New Nationalism with The Promise of American Life
G)wrote Congressional Government
H)wrote articles for McClure's
I)served on the Ohio Supreme Court
J)was the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court

Question 67

Describe the relationship between Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. Show how the two men eventually found themselves running against each other for president.

Question 68

Discuss the issue of conservation and what President Theodore Roosevelt did to promote this important issue.

Question 69

Describe the five major themes of progressive reform.

Question 70

Having been elected in his own right to a second term, Theodore Roosevelt set his sights on regulation and control of business. Trace his agenda in these endeavors. Was he successful?

Question 71

The Federal Highways Act:

A) passed in 1889
B) was vetoed by pro-railroad politicians
C) passed in 1916
D) illustrated the power of the Ford family
E) authorized a mere $10 million in funds

Question 72

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Herbert Croly

A)was the original "efficiency expert"
B)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1904
C)wrote The Jungle
D)was a Socialist party presidential candidate multiple times
E)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1912
F)influenced New Nationalism with The Promise of American Life
G)wrote Congressional Government
H)wrote articles for McClure's
I)served on the Ohio Supreme Court
J)was the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court

Question 73

During the Progressive Era:

A) reformers were generally pessimistic about finding solutions to social ills
B) voter turnout increased
C) many groups-blacks, the poor, the unorganized-had little influence
D) conservative politicians destroyed any semblance of a welfare state
E) Roosevelt proved that the president ultimately has his hands tied

Question 74

Louis D. Brandeis:

A) was the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court
B) led the conservative opposition to federal labor laws
C) was Theodore Roosevelt's vice-presidential running mate in 1912
D) was president of the Tennessee Coal and Iron Company
E) ran the Federal Farm Loan Board

Question 75

Trace the events that led to the 1902 coal strike. What were the major issues, and what was the eventual outcome?

Question 76

What changes did progressivism bring to America? How was America different in 1920 from what it had been in 1900 because of progressivism?

Question 77

"From its beginning to its end, the progressive movement was, more than anything else, paradoxical." What evidence could be used to support this statement?

Question 78

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Alton B. Parker

A)was the original "efficiency expert"
B)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1904
C)wrote The Jungle
D)was a Socialist party presidential candidate multiple times
E)was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1912
F)influenced New Nationalism with The Promise of American Life
G)wrote Congressional Government
H)wrote articles for McClure's
I)served on the Ohio Supreme Court
J)was the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court

Question 79

Which of the progressive presidents was the most progressive? Which was the least progressive? Explain.

Question 80

Who were the muckrakers, and what impact did they have on American society?