Deck 4: Emotional and Social Development in the Early Years

Question 1

Some researchers emphasize the ability to recognize emotions (your own emotions and the emotions of others),to understand their meanings,to integrate this information with other kinds of cognition,and to manage or regulate emotions.This combination of abilities is called what?

A)Cognitive development
B)Emotional intelligence
C)Stages of emotion
D)Emotion schemas

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Researchers do not agree on the question of what emotions are.However,they seem to agree that emotions serve functions in all of the following areas EXCEPT:

A)survival.
B)intelligence quotient.
C)motivation of behavior.
D)communication.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What type of attachment exists between a mother and child if the child does not cry when separated from her mother and does not pay attention to her mother when they are reunited?

A)Avoidant-insecurely attached
B)Anxious ambivalent-insecurely attached
C)Securely attached
D)Situational-securely attached

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Infants' early relationships with caregivers are believed to lay the groundwork for the child's interactions with others.What other aspect of the child's future is believed to be shaped by these early relationships?

A)Self-concept
B)Intelligence
C)Cognitive development
D)Social referencing

Question 5

When abused or maltreated children grow up and become abusive parents,this destructive pattern is called what?

A)Social referencing
B)Proximity maintenance
C)Intergenerational transmission
D)Separation anxiety

Question 6

In studies that compare the behavioral traits of babies with different temperaments,which group is likely to exhibit the most placidity?

A)Easy babies
B)Slow-to-warm babies
C)Difficult babies
D)Reactive babies

Question 7

The term rhythmicity,in regard to infants,refers to

A)their ability to coordinate their actions,like looking and smiling,with those of a caregiver.
B)their tendency to sway in synchrony with music.
C)the production of cooing sounds in synchrony with music.
D)their biological regularity,as in how regularly they sleep or eat.

Question 8

Phillipa's husband,Manuel,is worried about her plan to return to full-time employment when their baby is 6 months old.He is afraid that there will be a negative effect on the baby's attachment to her mother.Phillipa suggests that she and Manuel discuss the pros and cons of day care with a counselor.What would a well-informed counselor advise this couple?

A)If Phillipa continues to provide sensitive,responsive care when she is with the baby,and if the day care is good quality,then the baby should still form a secure attachment to Phillipa.
B)No matter how good the mothers' care or the day care is,leaving the baby in day care each day will put the baby at high risk for forming an insecure attachment to her mother.
C)As long as the day care quality is good,even if Phillipa is too tired and busy to be responsive and sensitive,the baby should form a secure attachment to her mother.
D)There is no reliable information available to counselors that would help them to advise this couple.

Question 9

Based on research,at what age do children begin to exhibit evidence of emotion regulation?

A)Around the age of three
B)Around the age of two
C)Around one year of age
D)Young infancy

Question 10

Which of the following hormones (enhanced during pregnancy,labor,and lactation)is closely associated with bonding and responsive caregiving?

A)Growth hormone
B)Oxytocin
C)Insulin
D)Histamine

Question 11

In answering questions about infant attachments to fathers,studies have compared attachment quality for mothers and fathers.In general,these studies show which of the following?

A)Significant differences in quality of attachment
B)No relationship between quality of attachment to mothers and fathers
C)Similar quality of attachment
D)Stronger attachments to fathers

Question 12

If a mother responds promptly to her baby's crying and baby's other signals,shows sensitivity and consistency,and holds the baby often,what quality of attachment is most likely to develop between mother and baby?

A)Avoidant
B)Anxious
C)Disoriented
D)Secure

Question 13

The attachment system between an infant and caregiver serves three purposes including which of the following?

A)Cognitive stimulation
B)Behavior control
C)Protection
D)Social adjustment

Question 14

The Phineas Gage matrix identifies a syndrome caused by damage to the frontal lobe region.This damage diminishes an individual's emotional intensity and results in

A)greater tendency to plan and make rational decisions.
B)better perspective taking ability.
C)lesser tendency to plan and make rational decisions.
D)greater happiness.

Question 15

An infant encounters a new situation and turns to her mom to get emotional information from her mom's facial expressions or vocal expressions.The infant uses this emotional information from Mom to shape her actions or response to the new situation.This is an example of what?

A)Self-directed coping behavior
B)Attachment
C)Emotion schemas
D)Social referencing

Question 16

Researchers have specified sets of behavioral skills that foster social bonding between parent and infant.Which set of dyadic skills is present from birth?

A)Attachment
B)Intuitive parenting system
C)Recognition system
D)Orienting system

Question 17

Which of the following illustrates that infants have natural strategies for coping with their emotions?

A)Negative affect system
B)Positive affect system
C)Still-face paradigm
D)Baseline episode

Question 18

Which of the following is identified as a contextual risk factor in an infant's attachment status?

A)A parent working outside the home
B)Presence of a grandparent in the home
C)Presence of older siblings
D)Parental arguing and conflict

Question 19

According to Izard,the expressive behaviors of infants reveal basic emotions that include joy/happiness,interest,sadness,anger,disgust,and what other emotion?

A)Fear
B)Pride
C)Confusion
D)Shame

Question 20

In studies of temperamental traits and the development of attachment,which group of infants seems more susceptible to environmental influences and therefore benefits more from positive parenting?

A)Infants with high regularity
B)Reactive,difficult infants
C)Easy,adaptable infants
D)Infants with more positive mood

Question 21

A counselor works with Mrs.Jacobs,who has a 1-month-old daughter.Mrs.Jacobs finds her daughter intense,demanding and hard to soothe.Most likely,this is because

A)her baby has formed an insecure attachment with her mother.
B)her baby has a significant medical problem
C)her baby has been spoiled by too much attention.
D)her baby has a more difficult temperament.

Question 22

Discuss at least three reasons why attachment theory and research has special significance for helping professionals.

Question 23

Explain the significance of infant's attachment to her caregivers.

Question 24

Explain the cultural contributions to the development of attachments.What role does culture play in this process?

Question 25

Discuss the possible role of maternal depression in the development of emotion regulation in infants.

Question 26

The following statements apply to the definition and description of reactive attachment disorder EXCEPT:

A)These children have experienced grossly pathological care in the early years.
B)This is one of the most researched disorders with clear treatment protocols.
C)These children fail to show attachment behaviors either organized or disorganized.
D)These children exhibit indiscriminant social behavior regardless of circumstances.

Question 27

Studies suggest a dose-response relationship between early,more extensive,and cumulative care that is associated with which behavior at school age?

A)depression at school age
B)academic achievement in elementary school
C)aggression and neediness at school age
D)sociability with peers at school age

Question 28

Counselors who work with young children to enhance their mental health should take an active role in

A)providing support and information for parents.
B)creating therapeutic experiences for the child that teach self-monitoring.
C)providing the child with group exposure to other children of the same age.
D)becoming an attachment figure for the young child.
Essay Questions (Chapter 4)