Deck 2: Chemistry, matter, and Life

Question 1

In the covalent molecule of water,the shared electrons are more closely associated with the oxygen than with the hydrogen.This makes water a polar molecule with the hydrogen end positively charged and the oxygen end negatively charged.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Anything that has mass and takes up space is

A) an element
B) matter
C) an atom
D) a compound
E) a molecule

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A certain neutral atom has an atomic number = 19 and a mass number = 39.Which of the following are correct? 1)It has 19 electrons.
2)It has 20 protons.
3)It has 20 neutrons.
4)It has a total of 39 protons and electrons.

A) 1 and 4 are correct
B) 1 and 3 are correct
C) 2 and 4 are correct
D) 2 and 3 are correct
E) 1,3,and 4 are correct

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The three most abundant elements in the body are

A) C,H,and N
B) C,H,and Ca
C) C,H,and O
D) O,H,and N
E) O,Na,and K

Question 5

The simplest form of matter is a(n)

A) atom
B) molecule
C) ion
D) element
E) compound

Question 6

The chemical symbol for copper is

A) Co
B) Cu
C) C
D) Ca
E) Cp

Question 7

A mixture of salt and water that is clear and does not settle is called a suspension.

Question 8

Glycogen and glucose are examples of carbohydrates.

Question 9

If an atom has 7 protons,there will be

A) 7 electrons in the nucleus
B) 7 neutrons in the nucleus
C) 7 neutrons in energy levels outside the nucleus
D) 2 electrons in the lowest energy level outside the nucleus and 5 electrons in the next higher level
E) 5 electrons in the lowest energy level outside the nucleus and 2 electrons in the next higher level

Question 10

Na is the chemical symbol for

A) sodium
B) potassium
C) calcium
D) iron
E) nitrogen

Question 11

The positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom is

A) a proton
B) a neutron
C) an electron
D) an ion
E) made neutral by a neutron

Question 12

The chemical symbol for calcium is C.

Question 13

Based on the number of electrons in its outer shell or highest energy level,which of these atoms is most stable?

A) hydrogen with atomic number = 1
B) carbon with atomic number = 6
C) oxygen with atomic number = 8
D) neon with atomic number = 10
E) magnesium with atomic number = 12

Question 14

An element with 11 protons,11 electrons,and 12 neutrons has a mass number = 34 amu.

Question 15

A sugar,a phosphate,and a nitrogenous base make up a nucleotide,which is the building block of a nucleic acid.

Question 16

How many neutrons are in a neutral atom with 8 protons and a mass number of 16?

A) 8
B) 16
C) 4
D) 32
E) 24

Question 17

Crushing a substance into a fine powder tends to increase its reaction rate.

Question 18

If a base is added to a solution,the pH of the solution decreases.

Question 19

An iron atom that loses three electrons becomes a positively charged ion.

Question 20

Fatty acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Question 21

Which of the following represents a solution?

A) sand and water
B) oil and water
C) sugar and sand
D) sugar and water
E) milk

Question 22

A water molecule is formed by an unequal sharing of electrons between hydrogen and oxygen.This makes the oxygen end of the molecule slightly negative and the hydrogen portion slightly positive.Which of the following is/are correct? 1)The bonds between the hydrogen and oxygen that hold the molecule together are ionic bonds.
2)The molecule of water is a polar covalent molecule.
3)The intermolecular bonds between water molecules are hydrogen bonds.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1 and 3
E) 2 and 3

Question 23

Which one of the following is NOT true about electrolytes?

A) They dissociate in water to form charged particles.
B) They conduct an electrical current.
C) They form cations and anions.
D) They are the basis of electrocardiograms.
E) They are the result of covalent bonds.

Question 24

A reaction in which more energy is stored in the reactants than in the products with a release of energy during the reaction is a(n)_____ reaction.

A) exergonic
B) single replacement
C) hydrolysis
D) endergonic
E) dehydration synthesis

Question 25

A chemical bond that does not hold atoms together to form molecules,but attracts molecules together is a(n)_____ bond.

A) ionic
B) hydrogen
C) intramolecular
D) covalent
E) polar covalent

Question 26

Coal dust is more explosive than lumps of coal because pulverizing the coal into dust

A) increases the temperature
B) increases the surface area
C) adds a catalyst
D) increases the concentration of oxygen for the reaction
E) changes the chemical composition of the coal

Question 27

In the chemical reaction H₂O + CO₂ $\rightarrow$ H₂CO₃,the

A) reactants are H₂O and CO₂
B) products are H₂O and CO₂
C) reactant is H₂CO₃
D) product is H₂CO₃
E) both a and d

Question 28

An acid

A) tastes bitter
B) accepts protons donated by bases
C) has a pH <7
D) feels slippery
E) neutralizes salts

Question 29

A chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing electrons is known as a(n)_____ bond.

A) intermolecular
B) ionic
C) hydrogen
D) covalent
E) donor

Question 30

When salt is dissolved in water,the salt is called the

A) solution
B) solute
C) solvent
D) dialysate
E) suspending medium

Question 31

Chemical reactions that need an input of energy and store the energy in the product are called _____ reactions.

A) replacement
B) exergonic
C) synthesis
D) endergonic
E) thermal

Question 32

The chemical reactions involved in the digestion of food utilize catalysts called enzymes.The enzymes

A) speed up the reactions
B) increase the surface area of the reactants
C) create hydrolysis reactions
D) change the nature of the products
E) change a synthesis reaction into a decomposition reaction

Question 33

The smallest unit of a compound is a(n)

A) element
B) atom
C) cation
D) molecule
E) anion

Question 34

A molecule with the formula H₂CO₃ contains

A) 1 hydrogen atom and 2 carbon atoms
B) 2 hydrogen atoms and 3 CO atoms
C) 1 hydrogen atom,2 calcium atoms,and 3 oxygen atoms
D) 2 hydrogen atoms,1 carbon atom,and 3 oxygen atoms
E) 1 hydrogen atom,2 carbon atoms,and 3 oxygen atoms

Question 35

The molecular formula for sodium bicarbonate is NaHCO₃.Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A) The elements in this compound are sodium,hydrogen,carbon,and oxygen.
B) The number of sodium atoms equals the number of carbon atoms.
C) The subscript 3 refers to all of the elements preceding it.
D) There are three times as many oxygen atoms as hydrogen atoms.
E) The number of oxygen atoms equals the number of the other atoms combined.

Question 36

A substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in a fixed or definite ratio is a(n)

A) mixture
B) solution
C) compound
D) element
E) gas

Question 37

When an atom loses an electron it becomes

A) negatively charged
B) a cation
C) an anion
D) a neutral ion
E) a molecule

Question 38

Suspensions

A) are clear
B) have a fixed composition
C) must be separated by chemical means
D) settle when left standing
E) are illustrated by a mixture of sugar and water

Question 39

In forming the compound sodium chloride,NaCl,the sodium loses an electron and chlorine gains an electron.The bond that holds this compound together is a(n)_____ bond.

A) covalent
B) hydrogen
C) ionic
D) intermolecular

Question 40

A chemical reaction in the body combines hydrogen and nitrogen to make ammonia.This is an example of a _____ reaction.

A) synthesis
B) decomposition
C) single replacement
D) double replacement

Question 41

The acid component of a buffer system

A) neutralizes water
B) reacts with strong acids to make them weaker
C) reacts with bases to form a salt and water
D) reacts with acids to form a neutral salt

Question 42

Triglycerides and steroids belong to the class of organic compounds called

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids
E) high energy compounds

Question 43

The form of carbohydrates transported in the blood is

A) glycogen
B) disaccharides
C) fructose
D) ribose
E) glucose

Question 44

Energy for immediate use in the body is stored in the high-energy

A) phosphate bonds of nucleic acids
B) phosphate bonds of adenosine triphosphate
C) bonds of triglycerides
D) bonds of glycogen
E) bonds of glucose

Question 45

The genetic material of the cell is

A) composed of phospholipid
B) adenosine triphosphate
C) a steroid
D) one of the nucleic acids
E) a polypeptide

Question 46

What is the term that describes the negatively charged particle in an atom?

Question 47

The class of organic compounds with building blocks called amino acids is

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) nucleic acids
E) high energy compounds

Question 48

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions

A) is an acid
B) is a base
C) is a salt
D) has a pH <7
E) reacts with a buffer to form an acid

Question 49

What is the term that describes the simplest form of matter that cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means?

Question 50

From the list below,the strongest base has a pH equal to

A) 2
B) 5.5
C) 7
D) 8
E) 9

Question 51

A substance that reacts with acids or bases to minimize the change in pH is

A) an acid
B) a base
C) a salt
D) water
E) a buffer

Question 52

Glycogen,or animal starch,is an example of a

A) simple sugar
B) protein
C) saturated fat
D) polysaccharide
E) steroid

Question 53

What is the term that describes the element that is designated by the symbol K?

Question 54

Important polysaccharides include

A) ribose and deoxyribose
B) glucose and fructose
C) starch,glycogen,and cellulose
D) triglycerides and steroids
E) polypeptides and triglycerides

Question 55

The class of organic compounds that is the primary source of nutrient energy for the body is

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) lipids
D) nucleic acids
E) adenosine triphosphate

Question 56

A root that means sugar or sweet is

A) carbo-
B) sacchar-
C) hydro-
D) lacto-
E) lipo-

Question 57

A term that means breaking down fat is

A) lipogenesis
B) hydrolysis
C) glycogenesis
D) lipolysis
E) glycolysis

Question 58

All of the following are true about proteins EXCEPT they

A) always contain C,H,O,N
B) are formed from fatty acids linked by peptide bonds
C) often contain S
D) form the basic structural material in the body

Question 59

The most common members of the lipid class of organic compounds are

A) steroids
B) phospholipids
C) triglycerides
D) glycolipids
E) lipoproteins

Question 60

The pH range of acids is

A) 0-14
B) 0-6
C) 8-14
D) less than 7
E) greater than 7

Question 61

What is the substance that is dissolved in a solution?

Question 62

What is the mass number of an atom with 8 protons,8 neutrons,and 8 electrons?

Question 63

What is the term that describes positively charged ions?

Question 64

What is the substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction?

Question 65

What is the term that describes the type of reaction in which more energy is stored in the products than in the reactants?

Question 66

What is the term that describes the high energy compound that supplies energy in a form that is usable by body cells?

Question 67

What is the term that describes the type of reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt?

Question 68

What are the elements and total number of atoms in NaHCO₂?

Question 69

What is the term that describes the type of organic compounds that contain nitrogen in addition to carbon,hydrogen,and oxygen?

Question 70

What is the term that describes the chemical bond that is formed when electrons are shared?