Deck 11: Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Question 1

The muscular tissue of the heart is

A) voluntary muscle
B) multinucleated and striated
C) lacks striations and has tapered ends
D) has striations and intercalated disks

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The portion of the pericardium closest to the sternum is the

A) epicardium
B) visceral layer
C) parietal layer
D) fibrous layer

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The muscular layer of the heart wall is the

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) endocardium
D) visceral epicardium

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The fibrous pericardial sac is lined with a serous membrane.

Question 5

Parasympathetic stimulation generally increases cardiac output.

Question 6

The innermost layer of the heart wall is composed of

A) cardiac muscle
B) simple squamous epithelium
C) connective tissue
D) stratified squamous epithelium
E) vascular tissue

Question 7

The layer of the heart wall that is continuous with the valves and blood vessels is the

A) epicardium
B) myocardium
C) endocardium
D) visceral epicardium

Question 8

The right ventricle makes up most of the apex of the heart.

Question 9

Increased venous return means there is greater end diastolic volume,which results in more forceful contraction of the ventricular myocardium.

Question 10

The base of the heart is more superior than the apex.

Question 11

The heart lies _____ midline.

A) to the left side of the
B) to the right side of the
C) directly on the body's
D) to the left side of

Question 12

Which of these layers is most internal?

A) fibrous pericardium
B) serous fluid layer
C) visceral pericardium
D) parietal pericardium

Question 13

The superior vena cava enters the heart on the right side.

Question 14

The first heart sound is due to turbulence in the blood resulting from closure of the semilunar valves.

Question 15

The chamber of the heart that normally has the thickest myocardium is the

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle

Question 16

All chambers of the heart are in diastole at the same time for about half the duration of a normal cardiac cycle.

Question 17

Which of the following regarding the pericardium is true?

A) The fibrous layer adheres to the heart muscle.
B) A thin layer of serous fluid is formed between the fibrous pericardium and parietal pericardium.
C) The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is attached to the myocardium.
D) The pericardial cavity is the space between the lungs,occupied by the heart.
E) The fibrous layer is called the epicardium.

Question 18

The heart lies within the

A) mediastinum
B) pleural cavity
C) pericardial space
D) interventricular sulcus

Question 19

Most of the blood that is ejected from the ventricles enters the ventricles during atrial systole.

Question 20

Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors send signals to the cardiac center in the pons which initiates sympathetic impulses to increase heart rate.

Question 21

Semilunar valves prevent the flow of blood from a(n)

A) atrium into a ventricle
B) ventricle into an atrium
C) ventricle to a large vessel
D) large vessel to a ventricle

Question 22

The chordae tendineae and papillary muscles have an important role in the normal function of the

A) semilunar valves
B) atrioventricular valves
C) atrioventricular node
D) interventricular valves

Question 23

The coronary sinus opens into the

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle
E) superior vena cava

Question 24

The internal surface of the ventricles is marked by a series of ridges called

A) chordae tendineae
B) trabeculae carneae
C) pectinate muscles
D) interventricular septa

Question 25

Oxygenated blood enters the left atrium through the

A) inferior vena cava
B) pulmonary arteries
C) ascending aorta
D) pulmonary veins
E) superior vena cava

Question 26

Impulses that initiate heart contraction are spontaneously generated in the

A) atrioventricular node
B) right bundle branch
C) atrioventricular bundle
D) sinoatrial node
E) conducting myofiber

Question 27

An atrioventricular valve prevents blood flowing from a(n)

A) atrium into a ventricle
B) ventricle into an atrium
C) ventricle to a large vessel
D) large vessel to a ventricle

Question 28

An operation that attempts to repair the fossa ovalis is performed

A) on the interventricular septum
B) on the trabeculae carneae
C) on the interatrial septum
D) in the region between the right and left ventricles

Question 29

The component of the conduction system that is called the pacemaker is the

A) conducting myofiber
B) atrioventricular bundle
C) sinoatrial node
D) atrioventricular node
E) bundle branch

Question 30

The two heart chambers that contain oxygenated blood are the

A) right atrium and left atrium
B) right atrium and right ventricle
C) left atrium and left ventricle
D) right ventricle and left ventricle

Question 31

The correct sequence of chambers,including the lungs,that blood flows from the venae cavae to the aorta is

A) right atrium,right ventricle,lungs,left atrium,left ventricle,aorta
B) right atrium,left atrium,lungs,right ventricle,left ventricle,aorta
C) left atrium,left ventricle,lungs,right atrium,right ventricle,aorta
D) left atrium,right atrium,lungs,left ventricle,right ventricle,aorta

Question 32

The heart chamber that pumps blood out to the lungs is the

A) right atrium
B) right ventricle
C) left atrium
D) left ventricle

Question 33

The two valves on the left side of the heart are the

A) aortic semilunar and tricuspid
B) tricuspid and bicuspid
C) pulmonary semilunar and bicuspid
D) aortic semilunar and bicuspid
E) pulmonary semilunar and tricuspid

Question 34

The ascending aorta is continuous with the

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle

Question 35

The valve at the exit of the right ventricle is the _____ valve.

A) tricuspid
B) bicuspid
C) pulmonary semilunar
D) aortic semilunar

Question 36

The correct sequence of valves in the pathway of blood from the venae cavae to the aorta is

A) tricuspid,bicuspid,pulmonary semilunar,aortic semilunar
B) tricuspid,pulmonary semilunar,bicuspid,aortic semilunar
C) bicuspid,pulmonary semilunar,tricuspid,aortic semilunar
D) tricuspid,aortic semilunar,bicuspid,pulmonary semilunar
E) pulmonary semilunar,tricuspid,bicuspid,aortic semilunar

Question 37

The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the superior vena cava is the

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) right ventricle
D) left ventricle

Question 38

The valve between the right atrium and right ventricle is the _____ valve.

A) tricuspid
B) bicuspid
C) pulmonary semilunar
D) aortic semilunar

Question 39

The coronary arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the myocardium are branches of the

A) ascending aorta
B) pulmonary trunk
C) right pulmonary artery
D) superior vena cava
E) descending aorta

Question 40

Most cardiac veins drain into the

A) right atrium
B) left atrium
C) coronary sinus
D) inferior vena cava
E) superior vena cava

Question 41

The P wave on an electrocardiogram represents the

A) repolarization of the atria
B) depolarization of the atria
C) repolarization of the ventricles
D) depolarization of the ventricles

Question 42

The cardiac center for regulating heart rate is located in the

A) diencephalon
B) midbrain
C) pons
D) medulla oblongata
E) hypothalamus

Question 43

Heart sounds are caused by

A) semilunar valves
B) chordae tendineae
C) turbulence in the blood
D) contraction of the myocardium

Question 44

A disease condition of heart muscle is indicated by the word

A) tachycardia
B) cardiomegaly
C) bradycardia
D) cardiomyopathy
E) endocarditis

Question 45

The greatest deflection from the baseline on an electrocardiogram is caused by the

A) depolarization of the atria
B) repolarization of the atria
C) depolarization of the ventricles
D) repolarization of the ventricles

Question 46

The contraction phase of a cardiac cycle is called

A) pumping
B) systole
C) diastole
D) depolarization
E) repolarization

Question 47

The first heart sound is heard just after the QRS on an electrocardiogram.The heart sound is caused by

A) blood filling the cups of the semilunar valves
B) turbulence in the blood from AV valves closing
C) turbulence in the blood from semilunar valves closing
D) chordae tendineae pulling AV valve cusps into correct position

Question 48

Stroke volume is determined by

A) cardiac rate and contraction strength
B) contraction strength and end diastolic volume
C) cardiac rate and cardiac output
D) cardiac rate and end diastolic volume
E) cardiac output and end diastolic volume

Question 49

Inflammation of a valve is indicated by the word

A) mitral stenosis
B) valvulitis
C) valvuloplasty
D) endocarditis
E) cardiomyopathy

Question 50

The sympathetic nervous system _____ heart rate and _____ stroke volume.

A) increases;increases
B) increases;decreases
C) decreases;increases
D) decreases;decreases

Question 51

When ventricular pressure just exceeds atrial pressure,the

A) atrioventricular valves open
B) SA node discharges
C) semilunar valves close
D) atrioventricular valves close
E) semilunar valves open

Question 52

About 70% of the blood that is pumped from the heart during contraction enters the ventricles while the atria

A) are contracting and ventricles are relaxing
B) and ventricles are all contracting
C) and ventricles are all relaxing
D) are relaxing and ventricles are contracting

Question 53

Starling's law of the heart is a relationship between

A) cardiac rate and stroke volume
B) stroke volume and venous return
C) stroke volume and contraction strength
D) end diastolic volume and contraction strength
E) end diastolic volume and venous return

Question 54

During a normal cardiac cycle that lasts 0.8 seconds,the ventricles are contracting for _____ seconds.

A) 0.1
B) 0.2
C) 0.3
D) 0.4
E) 0.5

Question 55

All of the following have the same effect on heart rate EXCEPT

A) epinephrine
B) decreased pH
C) increased hydrogen ion concentration
D) increased body temperature
E) decreased carbon dioxide concentration

Question 56

When baroreceptors in the aortic arch and internal carotid arteries are stretched,the cardiac center sends out _____ impulses to _____ heart rate.

A) parasympathetic;increase
B) parasympathetic;decrease
C) sympathetic;increase
D) sympathetic;decrease

Question 57

If heart rate is 70 beats per minute and stroke volume is 70 ml,then the cardiac output is _____ ml/minute.

A) 140
B) 1400
C) 490
D) 4900
E) 49000

Question 58

The greatest deflection from the baseline on an electrocardiogram is the

A) P
B) Q
C) R
D) T

Question 59

The semilunar valves open when the pressure in the

A) atria exceeds that in the ventricles
B) ventricles exceeds that in the atria
C) aorta and pulmonary trunk exceeds that in the ventricles
D) ventricles exceeds that in the aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 60

The correct sequence for impulse transmission through the following components of the conduction system of the heart is which of the following? 1)conducting myofibers
2)atrioventricular bundle
3)sinoatrial node
4)bundle branches
5)atrioventricular node

A) 3,5,2,4,1
B) 1,2,3,4,5
C) 1,3,5,2,4
D) 2,4,3,5,1
E) 5,3,2,4,1

Question 61

What is the term for the region of an ECG that represents ventricular depolarization?

Question 62

What is the term for the contraction phase of the cardiac cycle?

Question 63

What is the term for the atrioventricular valve that is associated with the same chamber as the pulmonary semilunar valve?

Question 64

What is the term for the projections of myocardium that anchor atrioventricular valve cusps?

Question 65

What is the term for the location of the cardiac center that alters heart rate?

Question 66

What is the term for the amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in one contraction?

Question 67

What is the term for the portion of the autonomic nervous system that generally increases heart rate and contraction strength?

Question 68

What is the term given to amount of blood in ventricle at beginning of contraction?

Question 69

What is the term for the thickest layer of the heart wall?

Question 70

What is the term for the portion of the cardiac cycle that lasts about 0.3 seconds in normal resting cycle?

Question 71

What is the term for the chamber of the heart with the thickest wall?

Question 72

What is the term for the vessel that branches to form the circumflex artery?

Question 73

What is the term for the chamber that receives venous blood from the superior vena cava?

Question 74

What is the term for the chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

Question 75

What is the term for the part of the conduction system that is called the pacemaker?