Deck 10: Endocrine System

Question 1

Comparisons between the nervous system and endocrine system show that the

A) action of the endocrine system is more localized than the action of the nervous system
B) action of the endocrine system is of shorter duration than the action of the nervous system
C) primary action of the endocrine system is to regulate muscle contraction and glandular secretion
D) endocrine system acts through chemical messengers called hormones and the nervous system acts through messengers called neurotransmitters

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Aldosterone is an adrenal cortical hormone that is essential to life because it has a vital role in regulating the amount of sodium in the body.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Hormones affect

A) all body cells
B) only the cells where they are produced
C) only the cells that have receptor sites for the hormone
D) only cells that are activated by ATP

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Hormones are

A) carried throughout the body in the blood and affect all body cells
B) carried throughout the body in the blood,but affect only selected cells
C) are carried throughout the body in ducts and affect all body cells
D) are carried throughout the body in ducts,but affect only selected cells

Question 5

Mr.Que complains to his physician that he urinates frequently with a large volume of urine.His physician is likely to suspect a dysfunctional adenohypophysis resulting in hyposecretion.

Question 6

A hormone that causes secretion of another hormone is called a _____ hormone.

A) tropic
B) negative feedback
C) neural
D) positive

Question 7

Hyposecretion of growth hormone in the child usually leads to an abnormally proportioned and mentally retarded dwarf.

Question 8

Cells in the stomach and small intestine secrete hormones that regulate certain digestive activities.

Question 9

Hormones from the parathyroid gland result in water retention and edema.

Question 10

A hormone from the thymus gland has an important role in the body's immune mechanism.

Question 11

Cells that have receptor sites for a given hormone

A) are affected by all hormones
B) are collectively called the target tissue for the hormone
C) react with the hormone to change the configuration of DNA
D) are called tropic cells

Question 12

Steroid hormones

A) are protein derivatives
B) cannot be taken orally
C) have amino acids as their fundamental building blocks
D) are lipid soluble

Question 13

Hormones that are proteins or protein derivatives

A) usually are administered orally
B) react with DNA to alter protein synthesis
C) diffuse through the cell membrane to react with receptors inside the cell
D) act through a second messenger called cyclic AMP

Question 14

All of the following are correct about exocrine and endocrine glands EXCEPT

A) endocrine glands have an abundant blood supply
B) endocrine glands secrete hormones through ducts
C) exocrine glands secrete enzymes and other substances through ducts
D) hormones are carried throughout the body in the blood

Question 15

Steroid hormones act on target cells by

A) attaching to receptors on the cell membrane
B) promoting the release of adenyl cyclase
C) interacting with DNA to promote protein synthesis
D) converting ATP to cyclic AMP

Question 16

Hormones from the neurohypophysis are regulated by releasing hormones from the hypothalamus.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a steroid hormone?

A) estrogen from the ovaries
B) cortisol from the adrenal cortex
C) epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
D) testosterone from the testes

Question 18

Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are called gonadotropins.

Question 19

Thyroxine levels are regulated by a negative feedback mechanism involving the hypothalamus and adenohypophysis.

Question 20

Calcitonin acts to increase blood calcium levels by absorbing calcium from the digestive tract.

Question 21

The hormone from the neurohypophysis that functions in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance is

A) antidiuretic hormone
B) oxytocin
C) prolactin
D) luteinizing hormone
E) estrogen

Question 22

An increased amount of antidiuretic hormone leads to

A) an increased amount of urine
B) a decreased amount of urine
C) no change in the amount of urine
D) an increased amount of aldosterone
E) an increased amount of oxytocin

Question 23

The anterior pituitary hormone that promotes protein synthesis is

A) prolactin
B) luteinizing hormone
C) adrenocorticotropic hormone
D) growth hormone
E) follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 24

The hormone that is released from the adenohypophysis and stimulates the development of sperm in the seminiferous tubules of the testes is called

A) prolactin
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) luteinizing hormone
D) follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 25

The secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland is regulated by a hormone from the

A) adenohypophysis
B) neurohypophysis
C) adrenal gland
D) thymus gland
E) pancreas

Question 26

All of the following hormones are secreted from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland EXCEPT

A) growth hormone
B) antidiuretic hormone
C) prolactin
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 27

Two hormones from the anterior pituitary gland that directly affect the ovaries and testes are

A) prolactin and luteinizing hormone
B) growth hormone and prolactin
C) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
D) growth hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone
E) prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 28

All of the following statements about the adenohypophysis are correct EXCEPT it

A) is derived from the embryonic oral cavity
B) is also called the anterior lobe
C) is regulated by direct neural stimulation
D) secretes more hormones than the neurohypophysis

Question 29

A chemical element that is essential for the production of active thyroid hormone is

A) calcium
B) potassium
C) iodine
D) sodium
E) phosphorus

Question 30

Epinephrine is secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stimulation by sympathetic nerve fibers.This is an example of

A) negative feedback regulation
B) positive feedback regulation
C) regulation by tropic hormones
D) neural regulation

Question 31

The hormone from the neurohypophysis that stimulates uterine contractions is

A) follicle-stimulating hormone
B) vasopressin
C) antidiuretic hormone
D) oxytocin
E) growth hormone

Question 32

The glands embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are the

A) parathyroid glands
B) thymus glands
C) adrenal glands
D) follicular glands
E) islets of Langerhans

Question 33

A mother that is unable to produce milk in her mammary glands may have a deficiency of _____ hormone.

A) growth
B) adrenocorticotropic
C) prolactin
D) luteinizing
E) follicle-stimulating

Question 34

When there is a deficiency of iodine in the diet,the thyroid gland enlarges and a simple or iron-deficiency goiter develops.What active hormone will be increased in this condition?

A) thyroxine
B) parathyroid hormone
C) calcitonin
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone
E) triiodothyronine

Question 35

Hormone secretion by the anterior pituitary gland is regulated by releasing and inhibiting factors that are produced in the

A) hypothalamus
B) thalamus
C) neurohypophysis
D) midbrain

Question 36

The hormone that is produced by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland is

A) parathyroid hormone
B) triiodothyronine
C) thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) thyroxine
E) calcitonin

Question 37

Hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood results in

A) a pituitary giant
B) a pituitary dwarf
C) a pituitary cretin
D) pituitary acromegaly
E) a mentally retarded giant

Question 38

The endocrine gland that is attached to the inferior surface of the brain is the _____ gland.

A) thyroid
B) pineal
C) adrenal
D) pituitary

Question 39

The endocrine gland that is located close to the kidneys and has both a cortex and a medulla is the

A) pancreas
B) thymus
C) adrenal
D) thyroid

Question 40

If the secretion of a hormone decreases when the substance it regulates increases,the mechanism of control is called _____ feedback.

A) negative
B) positive
C) tropic
D) neural

Question 41

Hormones from this gland cause a person to have temporary high blood pressure,rapid heart beat,dilated pupils,momentary muscular power,and be generally alert in response to stress.What is the name of this gland?

A) adrenal cortex
B) thyroid gland
C) adenohypophysis
D) adrenal medulla
E) pancreas

Question 42

Which of the following does NOT represent a correct match between hormone and function?

A) secretin-bicarbonate-rich fluid from pancreas
B) cholecystokinin-contraction of gallbladder
C) gastrin-production of hydrochloric acid in stomach
D) atrial natriuretic hormone-heart rate
E) cholecystokinin-digestive enzymes from pancreas

Question 43

The principal mineralocorticoid from the adrenal cortex is

A) aldosterone
B) cortisol
C) androgen
D) estrogen
E) insulin

Question 44

The primary action of mineralocorticoids is to _____ the body.

A) conserve sodium ions in
B) eliminate sodium ions from
C) conserve potassium ions in
D) eliminate water from

Question 45

Which of the following represents a correct grouping about hormones from the pancreas?

A) insulin,alpha cells,increases blood glucose levels
B) insulin,beta cells,increases blood glucose levels
C) insulin,beta cells,decreases blood glucose levels
D) glucagon,alpha cells,decreases blood glucose levels
E) glucagon,beta cells,increases blood glucose levels

Question 46

Which one of the following is NOT correct about prostaglandins?

A) They are derivatives of arachidonic acid,an essential fatty acid.
B) They are produced by endocrine glands.
C) They have a localized effect on or near the cell in which they are made.
D) They cannot be stored and must be synthesized on demand.
E) They have a short term effect and are readily inactivated.

Question 47

Two hormones secreted by the ovaries are

A) follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
B) estrogen and progesterone
C) chorionic gonadotropin and androgen
D) androgen and testosterone
E) chorionic gonadotropin and estrogen

Question 48

Polydipsia means

A) excessive thirst
B) excessive urine
C) excessive hunger
D) many glands
E) many pregnancies

Question 49

Which of the following does NOT represent a correct match between gland and hormone?

A) gastric mucosa-secretin
B) small intestine-cholecystokinin
C) heart-atrial natriuretic hormone
D) placenta-chorionic gonadotropin

Question 50

The thymus gland is located

A) in the anterior portion of the thoracic cavity
B) on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
C) in the abdominal cavity adjacent to the pancreas
D) in the cranial cavity close to the pineal gland
E) just under the diaphragm,near the spleen

Question 51

Hyposecretion of hormones from the adrenal cortex is likely to cause

A) high blood sodium,dehydration,and low blood glucose
B) low blood sodium,fluid retention,and high blood glucose
C) low blood sodium,dehydration,and low blood glucose
D) high blood sodium,fluid retention,and high blood glucose
E) low blood sodium,fluid retention,and low blood glucose

Question 52

The thymus gland

A) secretes calcitonin for the regulation of calcium levels
B) plays an important role in the development of the immune system
C) has an important role in the development of the reproductive organs
D) secretes thymosin which is antagonistic to calcitonin
E) secretes thymosin which regulates sleep/wake cycles

Question 53

This gland has both exocrine and endocrine components.The exocrine portion secretes digestive enzymes.The endocrine portion is restricted to islets of alpha and beta cells.What is the name of this gland?

A) gastric mucosa
B) pancreas
C) adrenal medulla
D) small intestine
E) pineal gland

Question 54

The hormone from the adrenal cortex that increases blood glucose levels and helps to counteract the inflammatory response is

A) aldosterone
B) cortisol
C) epinephrine
D) norepinephrine
E) gonadocorticoids

Question 55

Which of the following is CORRECT concerning the actions of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone?

A) Goth calcitonin and parathyroid hormone increase blood calcium levels.
B) Goth calcitonin and parathyroid hormone decrease blood calcium levels.
C) Calcitonin increases and parathyroid hormone decreases blood calcium levels.
D) Calcitonin decreases and parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels.
E) Calcitonin decreases blood calcium levels but parathyroid hormone has no effect on calcium.

Question 56

A word that means "tumor of a gland" is

A) pineal
B) diuretic
C) adenoma
D) adrenal
E) crinoma

Question 57

The release of ACTH from the adenohypophysis stimulates the release of

A) aldosterone from the adrenal medulla
B) cortisol from the adrenal cortex
C) epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
D) renin from the kidneys

Question 58

In the female,the hormone that is primarily responsible for the development of the secondary sex characteristics is

A) growth hormone
B) progesterone
C) follicle-stimulating hormone
D) luteinizing hormone
E) estrogen

Question 59

All of the following are true about the pineal gland EXCEPT it

A) is also called epiphysis cerebri
B) secretes the hormone melatonin
C) has a regulatory role in sexual and reproductive development
D) extends inferiorly from the hypothalamus of the brain
E) involves the organization and regulation of physiologic processes that follow a daily pattern

Question 60

The principal androgen is

A) secreted in response to follicle-stimulating hormone
B) progesterone
C) chorionic gonadotropin
D) testosterone
E) secreted by the seminiferous tubules in the testes

Question 61

What is the term for the hormone that is antagonistic to calcitonin?

Question 62

What are the terms for the two gonadotropins from the adenohypophysis?

Question 63

What is the term for the hormone from the adrenal cortex that has an antiinflammatory effect?

Question 64

What are the two hormones that act on the mammary glands to cause milk production and ejection?

Question 65

What is the term for the ovarian hormone that is responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics?

Question 66

What are the derivatives of arachidonic acid that are similar to hormones in many ways?

Question 67

What are the two hormones that are antagonistic to each other and secreted by different cells of the same gland?

Question 68

What is the term for the hormone from the neurohypophysis that affects kidney function?

Question 69

What is the term for the chemical class of hormones that diffuse through the cell membrane and react with a receptor in the cytoplasm?

Question 70

What is the term for the second messenger in protein hormone action,the one that causes the effect attributed to the hormone?

Question 71

What is the term for the ovarian hormone that is stimulated by luteinizing hormone?

Question 72

What is the term for the secretory products of endocrine glands?

Question 73

What is the term for the portion of the adrenal gland that is under direct neural stimulation?

Question 74

What is the term for the hormone that is stimulated by luteinizing hormone in the male?

Question 75

What is the term for the source of atrial natriuretic hormone or atriopeptin?