Deck 2: The Beginning: From Conception to Birth

Question 1

The first 22 chromosomes contain hundreds of genes in the same positions and sequence.If the code of the gene from one parent is exactly like the code on the same gene from the other parent,the gene pair is _____.

Answer 1

homozygous

Question 2

All important human characteristics are _____,including diseases known to be inherited.

Answer 2

epigenetic

Question 3

_____ refers to all the microbes that live within every part of the body.

Answer 3

Microbiome

Question 4

Identical twins are also called _____ twins.

Question 5

Salman learned in his high school science class that a male has a(n)_____ on the 23rd pair of chromosomes.

Question 6

Michelle and Thomas are having a baby and are hoping for a boy.The sex of the developing baby depends on the chromosomal contribution of _____.

Question 7

Each variation of a gene is called a(n)_____.

Question 8

One nation that forbids prenatal sex selection is _____.

Question 9

If the 23rd pair of chromosomes is _____,the individual will be male.

Question 10

Every sex difference is influenced by _____.

Question 11

A person's collection of genes is referred to as that person's "_____."

Question 12

Terri and Tina are the result of one ovum fertilized by one sperm that split into two zygotes.Terri and Tina are _____.

Question 13

The first 22 chromosomes contain hundreds of genes in the same positions and sequence.If the code of the gene from one parent differs from the code on the same gene from the other parent,the gene pair is _____.

Question 14

The genes on the chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell instruct the cell to manufacture the _____ needed to sustain life and development.

Question 15

Tamika learned in her high school science class that a female has a(n)_____ on the 23rd pair of chromosomes.

Question 16

In 22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes,both members of each pair are closely matched.Each of these 44 chromosomes is called a(n)"_____."

Question 17

The _____ on the chromosomes in the nucleus of each cell instruct the cell to manufacture the proteins needed to sustain life and development.

Question 18

If the 23rd pair of chromosomes is _____,the individual will be female.

Question 19

Genes with various repeats or deletions of base pairs are called "_____."

Question 20

When a sperm and an ovum combine,they create a new single cell called a "_____."

Question 21

Fraternal twins are also called _____ twins.

Question 22

A(n)_____ uses sound waves to generate an image of a fetus in utero.

Question 23

_____ refers to a trait that is affected by many factors,both genetic and environmental,that enhance,halt,shape,or alter the expression of genes,resulting in a phenotype that may differ markedly from the genotype.

Question 24

After about the eight-cell stage within the zygote,cells start to _____,meaning that they take different forms and reproduce at various rates,depending on where they are located.

Question 25

Andrew and Ashley are the result of two separate ova that were fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time.Andrew and Ashley are _____.

Question 26

A developing human organism from the start of the ninth week after conception until birth is called the "______."

Question 27

The age at which a fetus may survive outside the womb is known as the "_____."

Question 28

The interaction of a heterozygous pair of alleles in such a way that the phenotype reflects one allele more than the other is referred to as a "_____."

Question 29

During differentiation,cells specialize,taking different forms and reproducing at various rates,depending on where they are located.They are no longer omnipotent _____ that could develop into a new person.

Question 30

When someone inherits a recessive gene that is not expressed,that person is a(n)_____ of that gene.

Question 31

_____ is the name for a developing human organism from about the third week through the eighth week after conception.

Question 32

Suan has inherited genes that put him at risk for developing diabetes.However,Suan never develops diabetes due to a healthy diet and exercise.This example demonstrates that human characteristics,including diabetes,are _____.

Question 33

A trait like personality is _____,or affected by many genes.

Question 34

_____ is the process in which the developing organism embeds itself into the lining of the uterus.

Question 35

The _____ is an international effort to map the complete human genetic code.

Question 36

A person's appearance,behavior,and brain and body functions combine to form the _____.

Question 37

Males inherit X-linked disorders from the _____.

Question 38

Older women are more likely to double-ovulate.As a result,they are more likely to have _____.

Question 39

A special case of the dominant-recessive pattern occurs with genes that are X-linked or located on the _____ chromosome.

Question 40

When the effects of genes add up to influence the phenotype,they are called "_____ genes."

Question 41

A _____ test result suggests a problem that does not exist.

Question 42

A surgical birth,in which incisions through the mother's abdomen and uterus allow the fetus to be removed quickly,is referred to as a "_____."

Question 43

The crucial factor in newborn survival is maturation of the _____.

Question 44

The most common extra-chromosome condition that results in a surviving child is _____.

Question 45

Most of the known single-gene disorders are _____.

Question 46

Wanda is in labor and has requested a pain reliever known as a(n)_____,which is an injection given in the spine that alleviates pain.

Question 47

In the United States,_____ of births occur via c-section.

Question 48

Agents and conditions that can harm the prenatal brain,impairing the future child's intellectual and emotional functioning,are called "_____ teratogens."

Question 49

The phenomenon in which low-SES immigrant women tend have fewer birth complications than native-born peers with higher incomes is called the "_____."

Question 50

The _____ is used to assess the newborn's health at one minute and five minutes after birth.

Question 51

_____ can help prospective parents understand their genetic risk so that they can make informed decisions about conceiving a child.

Question 52

A(n)_____ is any agent or condition that increases the risk for prenatal abnormalities.

Question 53

Low levels of _____ during pregnancy can produce neural-tube defects.

Question 54

The cognitive deficits caused by the genetic condition _____ are the most common form of inherited intellectual disability.

Question 55

Carriers of the sickle-cell gene die less often from _____,which is prevalent and lethal in parts of Africa.

Question 56

_____ is the term for a baby whose birthweight is significantly lower than expected,given the time since conception.

Question 57

_____ disorders are more common because they are passed down from one generation to the next by carriers who are unaware of their genotypes.

Question 58

A woman who helps with the birth process,and who is likely to arrive at the woman's home during early labor and later work alongside a hospital's staff,is called a "_____."

Question 59

Newborn Chris weighed 3.5 pounds at birth.Chris would be classified as _____ -birthweight.

Question 60

Most births in the United States take place in a(n)_____.

Question 61

After giving birth to her first child,Maria experienced a deep sadness that made caring for her child (and herself)difficult.Her husband noticed and called the family's doctor,who suggested Maria may have _____.

Question 62

The single cell formed from the union of two gametes,a sperm and an ovum,is called a:

A) chromosome.
B) phenotype.
C) genotype.
D) zygote.

Question 63

A newborn's involuntary response to a particular stimulus is called a(n)"_____."

Question 64

A variation that makes a gene different in some way from other genes for the same characteristics is a(n):

A) chromosome.
B) zygote.
C) genotype.
D) allele.

Question 65

One aspect of both nature and nurture that profoundly affects each person is the _____,which refers to all bacteria that live within every part of the body.

A) genome
B) allele
C) microbiome
D) zygote

Question 66

Each molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)is stored on:

A) a chromosome.
B) RNA.
C) a gene.
D) a zygote.

Question 67

Labor that is started,speeded up,or strengthened with a drug is referred to as "_____ labor."

Question 68

The process of methylation can do all the following to genetic instructions EXCEPT _____ them.

A) alter
B) connect
C) remove
D) transcribe

Question 69

Each human has a total of about _____ genes.

A) 10,000
B) 20,000
C) 30,000
D) 40,000

Question 70

A small section of a chromosome that instructs the cell to manufacture proteins needed to sustain life and development is the:

A) nucleus.
B) gene.
C) genotype.
D) zygote.

Question 71

Every human begins life as a single cell,which is called a:

A) chromosome.
B) zygote.
C) genotype.
D) genome.

Question 72

The _____ is a test often administered to newborns that measures responsiveness and records 46 behaviors,including 20 reflexes.

Question 73

Malek gained weight and experienced nausea when his wife,Brenda,was pregnant.Malek experienced _____.

Question 74

Some genes are _____,which means "many forms."

A) polymorphic
B) multimorphic
C) allelomorphic
D) transmorphic

Question 75

Each gene directs the formation of specific proteins made from a string of _____ amino acids.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 30
D) 40

Question 76

Humans have 23 pairs of _____,which contain the instructions to make the proteins needed for life and growth.

A) chromosomes
B) alleles
C) genotypes
D) zygotes

Question 77

Dr.Margo studies how environmental factors affect gene expression.She studies:

A) atypical longevity.
B) sociobiology.
C) human pathogenesis.
D) epigenetics.

Question 78

All living things are composed of cells,which manufacture the _____ needed to sustain life and development.

A) proteins
B) zygotes
C) genotypes
D) phenotypes

Question 79

Each human body cell contains _____ chromosomes.

A) 46 pairs of
B) 46
C) 23
D) 20 pairs of

Question 80

The full set of genes that provides the instructions for making living organisms is called the:

A) phenotype.
B) zygote.
C) genome.
D) allele.