Deck 13: Adulthood: The Social World

Question 1

According to Erik Erikson,one of the stages of adult psychosocial development involves generativity versus _____.

Answer 1

stagnation

Question 2

Regarding nonmarital romantic relationship,LAT means "_____."

Answer 2

living apart together

Question 3

Among twenty-first-century Westerners,_____ usually comes first,then shared confidences create intimacy,and finally commitments lead to an enduring relationship.

Answer 3

passion

Question 4

Abraham Maslow developed the theory of "_____."

Question 5

Over time,the personality traits of agreeableness and _____ tend to increase.

Question 6

According to Abraham Maslow,our fundamental,human need to survive represents a(n)_____ need.

Question 7

In the context of divorced people seeking new partners,_____ initially restores intimacy,health,and financial security.

Question 8

People who are anxious and moody are high in the personality dimension of _____.

Question 9

A group of people who move through life with an individual,providing protection and encouragement,is called a "_____."

Question 10

Humanism is prominent among those _____ professionals who emphasize that illness and pain are not always physical but can also be psychological.

Question 11

The first six months of a marital relationship are referred to as a(n)"_____ period."

Question 12

_____,which produces winners and losers,is antithetical to the ethics of humanism,which states that everyone is wonderful in their own way.

Question 13

Adults today take _____ than previous generations did to enter marriage.

Question 14

Friends and family members who provide guidance and socialization to one another as they go through life are part of a person's social _____.

Question 15

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs,_____ is our need to become a unique and wonderful self.

Question 16

Erik Erikson argues that often the responsibilities of adulthood make adults _____ rather than stagnant.

Question 17

In a study of well-being and self-esteem in 28 nations,the happiest people are those whose personality traits match their _____.

Question 18

According to Erik Erikson,when individuals are productive in an unselfish and caring way,they are demonstrating _____.

Question 19

The personality dimension that is characterized by a tendency to be active,outgoing,and assertive is _____.

Question 20

Erik Erikson recognizes the _____ influences on human development.

Question 21

Strong parent-child attachments are more common when children are adopted as _____.

Question 22

Although Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development are sequential,the search for identity that begins in the stage of identity versus role confusion:

A) is ongoing throughout adulthood.
B) ends with the stage of intimacy versus isolation.
C) ends with the stage of generativity versus stagnation.
D) comes to fruition only after the stage of integrity versus despair.

Question 23

The tangible benefits of work,such as salary,health insurance,and pension,are called "_____ rewards."

Question 24

Most children are in foster care for _____ than a year.

Question 25

Which is one of Erik Erikson's stages of adulthood?

A) trust versus mistrust
B) initiative versus guilt
C) generativity versus stagnation
D) industry versus inferiority

Question 26

In the days of _____ it was thought that everyone would become a parent if they could.

Question 27

As adults age,their friendships tend to _____.

Question 28

A _____ family has the middle generation missing.

Question 29

A middle-aged woman who has her mother,her adult children,and their young children come to her home for monthly family dinners is serving as a(n)_____.

Question 30

_____ are accepted as part of a family to which they have no biological or marital relationship.

Question 31

Changes in living arrangements are always _____ for children.

Question 32

Colin and Chelsea are _____ parents,the most difficult form of parenting.

Question 33

The easiest form of nonbiological parenting may be _____.

Question 34

Some research suggests that intergenerational relationships become _____ when adult children move away from their parents.

Question 35

When they care for both older and younger generations,the middle-aged have been called the "_____ generation."

Question 36

A belief in _____ helps explain why some are not concerned about the wage gap between the rich and the poor.

Question 37

The intangible benefits of work,such as satisfaction and gratification,are called "_____ rewards."

Question 38

Most adoptions today are referred to as _____.

Question 39

The psychoanalytic theorist who proposed four psychosocial stages of adulthood is:

A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Erik Erikson.
C) B.F.Skinner.
D) Lev Vygotsky.

Question 40

The DSM-5 recognizes _____ disorder,which describes when a young child cannot seem to form attachments.

Question 41

According to Erik Erikson,the developmental crisis that occurs after intimacy versus isolation is:

A) initiative versus guilt.
B) identity versus role confusion.
C) generativity versus stagnation.
D) integrity versus despair.

Question 42

Those who know her describe Paula as a kind,helpful,and easygoing person.She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

A) agreeableness
B) neuroticism
C) openness
D) conscientiousness

Question 43

According to Erik Erikson,when individuals are productive in a caring way,they are demonstrating:

A) autonomy.
B) generativity.
C) diffusion.
D) altruism.

Question 44

Juan seems to thrive on changing jobs,is artistic,and likes to try new things.He would be rated high on the personality dimension called:

A) extroversion.
B) openness.
C) neuroticism.
D) sociability.

Question 45

Tracey's grandmother,at age 80,is engaged in the personal journey of connecting her life with the historical and cultural purpose of human society.The grandmother is in which of Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages?

A) identity versus role confusion
B) industry versus inferiority
C) generativity versus stagnation
D) integrity versus despair

Question 46

A person who changes jobs frequently,moves often,and always seems happier because of such changes is likely to be high in:

A) conscientiousness.
B) openness.
C) neuroticism.
D) extroversion.

Question 47

The concept of the Big Five reflects which type of theory?

A) trait
B) humanism
C) psychoanalytic
D) information processing

Question 48

The primary form that generativity takes is:

A) being guided by the younger generation.
B) establishing and guiding the next generation.
C) belonging to a religious organization.
D) volunteering in the community.

Question 49

A person who has many of the personality traits associated with extroversion would be described as:

A) depressed and anxious.
B) active and outgoing.
C) open and receptive.
D) creative and intelligent.

Question 50

Common ways to be generative include caregiving,employment,and:

A) goal-setting exercises.
B) financial security.
C) parenthood.
D) travel.

Question 51

Which personality trait tends to increase with age?

A) extroversion
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) neuroticism

Question 52

_____ developed the theory of humanism.

A) Erik Erikson
B) Albert Bandura
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Abraham Maslow

Question 53

Darleen is very organized and self-disciplined.She conforms easily to standards set for her performance at work.She is high on which of the Big Five traits?

A) agreeableness
B) openness
C) conscientiousness
D) extroversion

Question 54

Ross is a retired stockbroker who enjoys tutoring children at the local YMCA after school.He is demonstrating the psychosocial stage of:

A) generativity versus stagnation.
B) integrity versus despair.
C) identity versus role confusion.
D) industry versus inferiority.

Question 55

People in Abraham Maslow's third level on the hierarchy of needs seek:

A) self-actualization.
B) safety.
C) generativity.
D) love and belonging.

Question 56

Which statement about Abraham Maslow's theory is TRUE?

A) He believes that everyone,universally,has the same needs.
B) His theory overemphasizes the flaws of human behavior.
C) His theory is primarily developed for Western adults.
D) He believes that children have different basic needs than adults.

Question 57

According to Erik Erikson,an adult's failure to achieve generativity results in:

A) intermittent feelings of loneliness.
B) stagnation and personal impoverishment.
C) childlessness and depression.
D) difficulties in mate selection or friendship.

Question 58

Which is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

A) selflessness
B) openness
C) extroversion
D) agreeableness

Question 59

Thomas is moody,anxious,and self-punishing.Thomas is high in:

A) openness.
B) extroversion.
C) conscientiousness.
D) neuroticism.

Question 60

How many stages of development does Abraham Maslow describe?

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) nine

Question 61

Of adults born before 1940,about which percentage got married?

A) 10
B) 35
C) 50
D) 95

Question 62

Statistically,who is likely to have the MOST stable personality?

A) a 5-year-old boy
B) a 14-year-old girl
C) a 23-year-old man
D) a 35-year-old woman

Question 63

Committed partners who maintain separate homes but function as a committed couple are said to be:

A) living apart together.
B) residing in an empty nest.
C) avoiding marriage.
D) consequential strangers.

Question 64

Research suggests that about _____ of the time,divorce ends an abusive,destructive relationship.

A) one-eighth
B) one-third
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 65

After the children are grown,MOST married couples:

A) spend longer hours at work.
B) dislike being "empty-nesters."
C) have adequate time for their relationship.
D) see little of each other.

Question 66

Which factor has NOT been associated with adult personality?

A) income
B) history
C) local norms
D) geography

Question 67

The group of people who move through life with an individual while providing both protection and encouragement is called a:

A) familial collection.
B) social convoy.
C) fictive kin.
D) support network.

Question 68

Research indicates that remarriage initially restores all the following EXCEPT:

A) intimacy.
B) health.
C) previous friendships.
D) financial security.

Question 69

A long-term partnership correlates with health and happiness throughout adulthood and late adulthood.For MOST people,then,_____ is the crucial aspect of love in a partnership.

A) intimacy
B) infatuation
C) commitment
D) passion

Question 70

At least initially,remarriage brings which condition?

A) poorer health
B) financial insecurity
C) better health
D) the same level of happiness as in the first marriage

Question 71

All of Shawn and Geneva's children have moved out,have started families,and are working on their careers.According to the text,Shawn and Geneva's home is now a(n):

A) haven of quiet.
B) empty nest.
C) lonely cavern.
D) house of mirrors.

Question 72

After children have grown and moved out of the family home,MOST couples find that:

A) their financial strains are overwhelming.
B) their relationships improve.
C) there are more fights over equity in domestic work.
D) less time is spent in shared activities.

Question 73

A study of well-being and self-esteem in 28 nations has found that people are happiest if their personality traits:

A) evolve over time.
B) change from one setting to the next.
C) are identified early in life.
D) match their social context.

Question 74

Sven and Rosa have been married for nearly 30 years.Their youngest child left home six months ago.If they are typical,the quality of their marriage should:

A) remain constant,no different than earlier years.
B) worsen,because there are no children to act as buffers.
C) be tumultuous,because they have grown apart over the years.
D) improve,because they have more time to spend together.

Question 75

With increasing age,the trait of neuroticism tends to:

A) transform into extroversion.
B) increase.
C) decrease.
D) remain stable.

Question 76

Nate is high in extroversion and therefore will probably:

A) be likely to get a divorce.
B) have a life that is in constant flux.
C) become a librarian or a safety inspector.
D) get married.

Question 77

About _____ percent of all U.S.marriages are remarriages for at least one partner.

A) 10
B) 20
C) 40
D) 60

Question 78

James and Will are a gay couple who recently married.They wonder what their relationship will be like in 5 to 10 years.If they are like MOST married couples,their happiness will:

A) decline sharply.
B) hold steady.
C) dip,with divorce likely.
D) be even stronger than during the honeymoon period.

Question 79

Which statement about personality is TRUE?

A) There is only empirical evidence that personality is innate.
B) Genes are the only influence on adult personality.
C) Adult personality can be influenced by context.
D) Geography does not influence adult personality.

Question 80

A multinational study has found that the likelihood of separation of married and cohabitating couples is powerfully influenced by:

A) national norms.
B) gender.
C) age.
D) sexual identity.