Deck 14: Late Adulthood: Body and Mind

Question 1

_____,a rare genetic disorder that produces accelerated aging,beginning in childhood,provides evidence for genetic aging.

Answer 1

Hutchinson-Gilford syndrome;progeria

Question 2

The number of years that a member of a species is genetically programmed to live is called the "_____."

Answer 2

maximum life span

Question 3

The drastic reduction in the usual number of calories consumed daily while still maintaining ample vitamins,minerals,and other important nutrients is known as _____.

Answer 3

calorie restriction

Question 4

Using _____,engineers can create settings and equipment that can be used by everyone,even those who are not able-bodied or sensory-acute.

Question 5

To compensate for age-related biological changes,elderly adults drive slowly and reduce driving _____.

Question 6

Only _____ percent of people over age 65 see well without glasses.

Question 7

The change in the ratio of elderly people to children in the population is referred to as a "_____."

Question 8

Universal changes that occur with the passage of time are included under "_____ aging."

Question 9

Sexual satisfaction in long-term relationships _____ after middle age.

Question 10

An insidious aspect of ageism is that the elderly may believe the _____,too,which can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies.

Question 11

"_____ aging" refers to the consequences of inherited weaknesses,health habits,and environmental conditions.

Question 12

Categorizing or judging people solely on the basis of their chronological age is referred to as "_____."

Question 13

According to the experiments conducted by _____,after about 50 cell divisions,the process of cell division stops.

Question 14

The very ends of chromosomes in cells that may be correlated with longevity are known as "_____."

Question 15

Brenda and Craig live in the United States and are both 70 years old._____ is more likely to have hearing loss.

Question 16

An elderly person who is in the "_____-old" category is healthy,active,financially secure,and independent.

Question 17

_____ aging occurs because minor errors in copying cells accumulate.

Question 18

Three common _____ problems in the elderly include cataracts,glaucoma,and macular degeneration.

Question 19

A way of speaking to the aged that uses short and simple sentences,exaggerated emphasis,slower speech,higher pitch,and repetition is called "_____."

Question 20

The oldest,most general theory of aging is the _____ theory,which likens human bodies to machines.

Question 21

Senescence reduces the production of _____,especially dopamine.

Question 22

In the past,there were 20 times more children than older people.Currently,there are 3 times as many children as there are elders.These changes in the age make-up of the population are referred to as a(n):

A) population growth.
B) cyclical event.
C) demographic shift.
D) elder explosion.

Question 23

A brain affected by Alzheimer's disease has _____ outside the brain cells;these are clumps of beta-amyloid in tissues surrounding the neurons.

Question 24

Adults with more _____ are likely to keep their minds active,and that protects intellect.

Question 25

A main symptom of Lewy body disease is the loss of _____.

Question 26

Vascular disease (VaD)is caused by a series of _____.

Question 27

_____ is the idea that cognition should be measured in terms of everyday tasks and circumstances.

Question 28

Memory and retrieval strategies,selective attention,and rules or strategies for problem solving are _____ processes.

Question 29

_____ are the part of the information-processing system that regulates the analysis and flow of information.

Question 30

The name for irreversible,pathological loss of brain functioning caused by organic brain damage or disease is _____.

Question 31

What percentage of the United States population is over age 65?

A) 2
B) 15
C) 29
D) 42

Question 32

With age,the parts of the brain that shrink the most are the _____ and the hippocampus.

Question 33

In order for information to register in the memory,it must cross the _____,the divide between what is sensed and what is not sensed.

Question 34

A chronic,progressive disease characterized by rigidity and muscle tremors is _____.

Question 35

_____ is the situation in which elderly people are prescribed several medications.

Question 36

The most common form of frontotemporal lobar degeneration is _____ disease.

Question 37

The science that describes populations is called:

A) gerontology.
B) psychology.
C) demography.
D) geography.

Question 38

Erik Erikson's eighth stage is called "_____ versus despair."

Question 39

When older people suspect that their memories are declining,_____ may cause further impairment.

Question 40

_____ is the theorist who has suggested that older people are more likely than younger people to reach self-actualization.

Question 41

Individuals classified as "oldest-old" are usually how old?

A) 60-65
B) 65-75
C) 70-85
D) over 85

Question 42

When asked to think of "an elderly person," most people think of a feeble person who lives in a nursing home.Statistics show that the vast majority of people between the ages of 65 and 75 fall in the category of:

A) young-old.
B) old-old.
C) youthfully old.
D) independently old.

Question 43

What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States?

A) 0-15
B) 20-35
C) 35-65
D) 80 and up

Question 44

Javy is 72,and his grandson,Jake,is 25.Which statement about their sleep is accurate?

A) Jake will wake more frequently at night than Javy will.
B) Jake will complain more often of sleepiness than Javy will.
C) Javy will take longer to fall asleep than Jake will.
D) Both men will awaken four to six times to use the bathroom.

Question 45

Primary aging refers to age-related changes that:

A) inevitably take place as time goes by.
B) occur prior to middle adulthood.
C) take place as a consequence of a person's unhealthy behaviors.
D) are entirely genetic in origin.

Question 46

The irreversible changes that naturally occur with time are called "_____ aging."

A) normal
B) primary
C) secondary
D) geriatric

Question 47

Marla,age 76,believes she is independent and has personal autonomy.She is likely to be:

A) wrong;no one her age can be autonomous.
B) mentally and physically healthier than people her age who do not share those beliefs.
C) more optimistic than other people her age,but no healthier than they are.
D) overstating her sense of well-being.

Question 48

The term ageism refers to:

A) the veneration of the elderly.
B) judging people on the basis of chronological age.
C) the view of society held by older people.
D) the demographics of the population pyramid.

Question 49

The changes of primary aging are:

A) caused by disease.
B) reversible.
C) preventable.
D) universal.

Question 50

The elderly who are dependent and MOST likely to have age-related illnesses are:

A) young-old.
B) old-old.
C) oldest-old.
D) sickly old

Question 51

The homicide rate of those over 65 is _____ the rate for those in their 20s.

A) less than one-fifth
B) two-thirds
C) nearly half
D) at least three-fourths

Question 52

Using elderspeak when engaging in conversation with an older adult:

A) is demeaning.
B) helps the individual comprehend the meaning of the conversation.
C) only makes sense if the individual has a hearing aid.
D) demonstrates respect and understanding.

Question 53

Which distinguishes the "old-old" from the "young-old"?

A) years of age
B) details of living arrangements
C) degree of positive or negative attitude
D) reductions in physical or mental ability

Question 54

Enid and George,married 52 years,have been living in the same home for the past 30 years.They have a comfortable retirement,and when they need help with something,they can rely on their middle-aged children or young adult grandchildren.However,Enid and George are fiercely independent,providing much more care than they receive.This couple's experience is _____ among elders.

A) very common
B) somewhat common
C) somewhat uncommon
D) very uncommon

Question 55

Which statement is NOT true about most elders?

A) Most elders rely on others for basic care.
B) Most elders are caregivers rather than receivers of care.
C) A minority of elders live with their adult children.
D) Three percent of individuals age 60 or older are in nursing homes or hospitals.

Question 56

Which group makes up the largest group of older adults?

A) "young-old"
B) "old-old"
C) "oldest-old"
D) centenarians

Question 57

At age 75,Gloria,is typical of people her age.She believes that when compared to others of the same age,:

A) everyone is faring quite similarly.
B) they are doing better than she is;she has more problems.
C) she is doing well,but they have more problems.
D) everyone gets what he or she deserves,and she deserves more.

Question 58

The main reason people may not notice the "young-old" is that:

A) they do not fit society's stereotypes of the elderly.
B) there are relatively few of them.
C) they are a problem-prone minority.
D) they are not integrated into the community.

Question 59

In the United States,only 3 percent of older people over the age of 64 live:

A) at home.
B) in nursing homes.
C) with an adult child.
D) independently.

Question 60

Which vocal characteristic is a feature of elderspeak?

A) higher pitch
B) faster speech
C) bigger words
D) elongated pronunciation

Question 61

The very ends of chromosomes in cells that may be correlated with longevity are known as:

A) B cells.
B) T cells.
C) alleles.
D) telomeres.

Question 62

Now that Fred is 75,he uses selective optimization with compensation while driving.For example,he:

A) drives only at night,when fewer cars are on the road.
B) relies only on rearview and side mirrors so he won't hurt his neck turning his head.
C) drives more slowly.
D) drives fast to get home as soon as possible to avoid accidents.

Question 63

Which situation is NOT an example of a healthy approach to sexuality in older adulthood?

A) Nancy and Don,married 47 years,have sexual intercourse three times a month and feel completely satisfied with hugs and kisses in between.
B) After her divorce,Gloria has relegated sexual intercourse to her past and doesn't seek sexual connections with new partners.
C) After the death of her husband of 35 years,Judy invited her new romantic partner to live with her.He sleeps in the guest bedroom,and they live apart together.
D) Recently,Tony read an article that said that elderly couples can have sexual lives that are just as active as they did in earlier adulthood.He has been pressuring his wife,Margaret,to have sex with him every night since then.

Question 64

Which statement is NOT true regarding sexuality in late adulthood?

A) Intercourse becomes less frequent.
B) Sexual activity in late adulthood is an example of selective optimization.
C) Women stop intercourse earlier than men for biological reasons.
D) Sexual satisfaction may increase after middle age.

Question 65

The Hayflick limit is a natural limit to the:

A) number of times cells can divide.
B) size of the population on Earth.
C) number of children born to one set of parents.
D) life span of a victim of genetic disease.

Question 66

Creating settings and equipment so that they can be used by everyone-able-bodied,sensory-acute,or not-is known as:

A) control processes.
B) universal design.
C) the Hayflick limit.
D) the built environment.

Question 67

Because of _____ aging,Juanita has had a very tough time recovering from a recent bout of pneumonia.

A) normal
B) primary
C) subordinate
D) geriatric

Question 68

Seventy-six-year-old Thomas tripped on a garden hose and broke his leg.His 17-year-old grandson,Brad,fell while skateboarding and broke his leg.Why is Thomas's injury more of a concern than Brad's injury?

A) Thomas is less likely to fully recover than Brad is.
B) Thomas is in more pain than Brad is.
C) Thomas's tripping may be the first sign of Parkinson's disease.
D) It is not more of a concern.Brad's break may impede normal development and is the more worrisome event.

Question 69

Calorie restriction may:

A) slow down aging.
B) speed up aging.
C) increase the risk of diabetes.
D) increase the rate of death.

Question 70

_____ is the oldest possible age that members of a species can attain,whereas _____ is how long an average newborn in a particular place is likely to live.

A) Maximum life span;average life expectancy
B) Average life expectancy;maximum life span
C) Average life span;Hayflick limit
D) Hayflick limit;maximum life expectancy

Question 71

The wear-and-tear theory of aging is weakened by the fact that:

A) the human body cannot repair itself.
B) many parts of the body wear out from use.
C) many body functions benefit from use.
D) machines cannot grow old.

Question 72

Maximum life span is defined as the:

A) number of years a newborn is likely to live.
B) risk of mortality.
C) average age at death.
D) upper limit to which members of a species can live.

Question 73

The concept of aging as a result of cellular duplication errors is based on the fact that the body's ability to make new cells that are exact copies of the original ones:

A) stops at about age 18.
B) stops at about age 80.
C) becomes less able to repair duplication errors.
D) continues unchanged throughout life.

Question 74

The maximum life span is _____ years for humans.

A) 13
B) 55
C) 122
D) 180

Question 75

Dwayne,age 62,has developed heart disease from a lifetime of smoking cigarettes.His heart disease is an example of:

A) secondary aging.
B) primary aging.
C) normal senescence.
D) compressed morbidity.

Question 76

Although they have sex less frequently than they used to,more elderly couples report that their sex life has _____ rather than _____.

A) improved;deteriorated
B) deteriorated;improved
C) remained the same;ceased
D) ceased;remained the same

Question 77

Which statement about cellular aging is TRUE?

A) Cells can replicate indefinitely,but errors do occur.
B) Aging may be caused by the inevitable loss of the ability of cells to duplicate perfectly.
C) Damage is caused by free radicals that slow down the cell-duplication process.
D) Cells from adults are able to duplicate more quickly and more times than are cells from embryos.

Question 78

Which theory of aging proposes that the body breaks down,part by part,after years of use?

A) wear-and-tear
B) secondary aging
C) free-radical hypothesis
D) cellular accident

Question 79

The consequences of particular diseases are features of:

A) primary aging.
B) senescence.
C) secondary aging.
D) gerontology.

Question 80

Primary and secondary aging combine to make major body systems:

A) less efficient.
B) more flexible.
C) more efficient.
D) function better under stress.