Deck 11: Adulthood: Emerging Adulthood

Question 1

Many colleges restrict _____ on campus,not only for legal reasons but to decrease property destruction and sexual assault.

Answer 1

alcohol

Question 2

Thinking in adulthood differs from earlier thinking in three major ways: it is more _____,more flexible,and more dialectical.

Answer 2

practical

Question 3

There is a noticeable trend among emerging adults to postpone,but not totally reject,the commitment of _____.

Answer 3

marriage

Question 4

The possibility that one's appearance or behavior will be misread to confirm another person's oversimplified,prejudiced attitude is referred to as _____.

Question 5

Motocross and other such forms of recreation that include the risk of injury or death are called "_____ sports."

Question 6

Building on Jean Piaget's four stages of cognitive development,some developmentalists have proposed an additional stage referred to as "_____ thought."

Question 7

_____ is a fifth stage of cognitive development,following Piaget's four stages.

Question 8

Over the years,_____ becomes more crucial.For example,if a person overeats or starves day after day,the body adjusts,but that continual adjustment itself takes a toll on health,possibly impairing long-term health.

Question 9

Accidents,homicides,and _____ are the three leading causes of death among people ages 15 to 24.

Question 10

A very unfortunate consequence of _____ threat is that it can be self-handicapping.

Question 11

The best way to prevent STIs is lifelong _____.

Question 12

_____ fuels every contagious disease,including sexually transmitted infections.

Question 13

The more _____ people have,the more STIs spread.

Question 14

The capacity of organs to allow the body to cope with stress via extra,unused functioning ability is called _____.

Question 15

The number of for-profit colleges has _____ between 1980 and now.

Question 16

Contemporary students attend college primarily to secure better _____ and to learn specific skills.

Question 17

According to findings from the CARDIA study,participants who were least fit at the first assessment were _____ times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age.

Question 18

The period of life during which 18- to 25-year-old men and women continue their education and exploration,often postponing marriage,parenthood,and career,is called _____.

Question 19

An example of _____ is when adults can think things through and change their minds after listening.

Question 20

_____ is the balance between various body reactions that keeps every physical function in sync with every other one.

Question 21

Margaret is a 60-year-old retired woman whose daughter recently had her first child.Margaret will be taking care of her grandchild so that her daughter can return to work.The intertwining of the needs and experiences of these family members,all at different stages of life,is referred to as _____.

Question 22

Which task would be easier for a 21-year-old than for a 51-year-old?

A) writing a letter by hand
B) carrying a bag of groceries from the store to the car
C) watching two hours of television
D) walking up four flights of stairs

Question 23

One study from the 1980s found that thinking became more reflective and expansive with each _____ at college.

Question 24

During emerging adulthood,all body systems:

A) begin to develop.
B) function optimally.
C) cease developing.
D) age rapidly.

Question 25

_____ identity includes Erik Erikson's political and religious identities.

Question 26

Compared to adolescence,self-esteem tends to _____ through the emerging adulthood years.

Question 27

Women's friendships are typically more intimate and _____ than men's friendships.

Question 28

Between the ages of 18 and 25,the average worker in the United States holds _____ jobs.

Question 29

A study of biological aging found that some people age _____ times faster than others,with about half of the difference between fast and slow aging evident by age 26.

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) ten

Question 30

A person between the ages of 18 and 25 is considered to be in the developmental stage of:

A) adulthood.
B) emerging adulthood.
C) post-adolescence.
D) middle adulthood.

Question 31

Generally,emerging adulthood is characterized by _____ health.

A) good to excellent
B) failing
C) slowly improving
D) fair to poor

Question 32

Juan is a 21-year-old American college student.According to the text,Juan is in the developmental period of:

A) late adolescence.
B) emerging adulthood.
C) early adulthood.
D) young adulthood.

Question 33

____ occurs when an unmarried couple lives together in a combined household.

Question 34

The sixth stage of Erik Erikson's stages of development is "intimacy versus _____."

Question 35

A(n)"_____" is a sexual interaction between partners who do not know each other well,perhaps having just met a few hours before.

Question 36

Allison has recently finished high school and is now attending college.After earning her bachelor's degree,she plans to continue to graduate school.In addition,Allison is not seriously dating anyone and thinks marriage and parenthood are years away.Allison is at which developmental stage?

A) late adolescence
B) emerging adulthood
C) extended adolescence
D) middle adulthood

Question 37

According to one classic study,cognition progresses through _____ levels of complexity over the four years that lead to a bachelor's degree.

Question 38

The concept of _____ is thinking in terms of right or wrong,success or failure.

Question 39

_____ reach their peak of functional significance during emerging adulthood.

Question 40

Janet and Brenda are close friends.When they get together to socialize,they are likely to talk about _____ matters,such as relatives,romances,and health.

Question 41

Organ reserve power decreases each _____,but it usually does not matter,because people rarely need to draw on it.

A) day
B) month
C) year
D) decade

Question 42

The average age of marriage in the United States is _____ for women and _____ for men.

A) 25;27
B) 27;29
C) 28;30
D) 30;28

Question 43

The CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Adulthood)study began with more than 4,000 healthy 18- to 30-year-olds;most were reexamined 7 to 20 years later.The study found that:

A) those who were the most fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age.
B) those who were the least fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age.
C) those who were the least and most fit at the first assessment were four times more likely to have diabetes and high blood pressure in middle age.
D) there was no relation between fitness level at the first assessment and later health conditions.

Question 44

Which statement is NOT true about the sexual-reproductive system of emerging adults?

A) Miscarriage is less common.
B) Conception is quicker.
C) Orgasms are more frequent.
D) Serious birth complications are usual.

Question 45

Conclusions based on U.S.college students may apply only to those who are WEIRD,which refers to:

A) the idea that they are chronic risk takers with little responsibility.
B) "Western,Educated,Industrialized,and Rich Democracies."
C) "Witty,Educated,Intelligent,Risk-Taking,and Daring."
D) their deviation from the social norms of their parents' generations.

Question 46

The capacity of structures to allow the body to cope with stress via extra,unused functioning ability is referred to as:

A) senescence.
B) homeostasis.
C) organ reserve.
D) diathesis.

Question 47

_____ emerging adults believe that premarital sex is acceptable.

A) Almost all
B) About one-third of
C) Less than half of
D) Few

Question 48

Faster heartbeats and heavier breathing,which accompany exercise,are:

A) homeostatic responses.
B) metabolic indicators.
C) organ reserves.
D) allostatic loads.

Question 49

Homeostasis is quickest in:

A) middle childhood.
B) adolescence.
C) early adulthood.
D) middle adulthood.

Question 50

Due to a job loss and divorce,25-year-old John has been under an enormous amount of stress,yet he still feels good physically.The fact that John's body can continue to function well under this stress is likely due to:

A) organ reserve.
B) homeostasis.
C) senescence.
D) diathesis.

Question 51

Ami has been skipping meals and eating very little for months.One night she goes out with friends and eats a full,heavy meal.Within hours,she is vomiting and has diarrhea.Ami's symptoms are likely the result of a(n)_____ adjustment.

A) organ reserve
B) homeostatic
C) senescence
D) allostatic

Question 52

Many emerging adults want to engage in sexual activity but know that they are not emotionally ready to be parents.Their solution is:

A) abstinence.
B) monogamy.
C) contraception.
D) early marriage.

Question 53

The three body functions that protect emerging adults are:

A) lymph tissue,strong muscles,and a developing brain.
B) organ reserve,homeostasis,and allostasis.
C) metabolism,neurotransmitter production,and lymph tissue.
D) the circulatory system,the metabolic system,and the neurological system.

Question 54

Delilah is currently a 22-year-old college student.Like most of her peers,she believes that premarital sex is:

A) okay if you plan to get married.
B) wrong.
C) acceptable.
D) very risky.

Question 55

_____ refers to the stresses of basic body systems that burden overall functioning,eventually causing hypertension,obesity,and diabetes.

A) Reserve
B) Homeostasis
C) Organ reserve
D) Allostatic load

Question 56

Historically,peak newborn survival occurred when mothers were _____ years old at the time of birth.

A) 15 to 22
B) 18 to 25
C) 25 to 32
D) 30 to 37

Question 57

Ashlin,age 24,started an extreme diet last month.She has already lost 20 pounds,and due to restricting her food intake,Ashlin rarely feels hungry.Ashlin's eating behavior has triggered new _____,allowing her to function with fewer daily calories.

A) homeostatic reactions
B) metabolic syndrome
C) organ reserves
D) caloric reactions

Question 58

Which statement is NOT true about emerging adulthood?

A) It is a time between full body growth and full adult roles.
B) Many of today's college students fall within the period of emerging adulthood.
C) Universal trends,including longer educational tracks and later first-time parenthood,have "created" this stage.
D) All individuals between the ages of 18 and 30 are now considered to be in this stage.

Question 59

In the United States and worldwide,women above age 30 are having _____ children than they did in earlier decades,and emerging adults are having _____ children than they did then.

A) more;fewer
B) fewer;fewer
C) fewer;more
D) more;more

Question 60

A dynamic longer-term body adjustment that affects overall physiology is referred to as:

A) organ reserve.
B) homeostasis.
C) senescence.
D) allostasis.

Question 61

Which college student is the LEAST likely to abuse drugs or alcohol?

A) Shawn,who is in an academic fraternity
B) Marla,who lives with her best friend
C) Coral,who lives with her parents
D) A.J. ,who is on academic probation

Question 62

Denise is 25 years old and lives in the United States.Statistically,Denise is MOST likely to be:

A) married.
B) never married.
C) married and then separated.
D) married and then widowed.

Question 63

Which individual is MOST likely to be an STI vector?

A) Mark,age 15
B) James,age 23
C) Dean,age 39
D) Ross,age 55

Question 64

On his own time,D.J.looks over his course syllabi for the term and realizes that,in three weeks,he has three assignments due on one day.D.J.decides he will do one assignment per week for the next three weeks so that he will have them all done by their due dates.D.J.is demonstrating _____ thinking.

A) preoperational
B) concrete operational
C) formal operational
D) postformal

Question 65

Nate spends his weekends engaged in freestyle motocross.Nate is participating in a(n)_____ sport.

A) spiritual
B) extreme
C) illegal
D) college

Question 66

In the United States,the average age at first marriage was _____ for women and _____ for men.

A) 24;22
B) 26;24
C) 28;30
D) 29;27

Question 67

Statistically,which of these 21-year-olds is the MOST likely to engage in extreme drinking?

A) Steven,who did not go to college and works full-time
B) Brad,who is a college junior
C) Hillary,who graduated from college 10 years ago
D) Jessica,who did not go to college and works part-time

Question 68

When drug use is harmful it is called:

A) addiction.
B) drug abuse.
C) substance use.
D) experimentation.

Question 69

Michael has just taken a position as an emergency room nurse.He is likely to notice:

A) an absence of emerging adults in the emergency room.
B) emerging adults who do not respond to typical doses of medications.
C) emerging adults with a variety of injuries.
D) emerging adults suffering from heart disease,cancer,and stroke.

Question 70

After Mary finished college,began working in her chosen field,and started a family,her thinking became:

A) more exciting.
B) more practical.
C) more playful.
D) less routine.

Question 71

Risk-taking during emerging adulthood _____ society.

A) is beneficial to
B) is harmful to
C) rarely has an effect on
D) may benefit or harm

Question 72

Amelia is a 21-year-old college student.Statistically,she is MOST likely to:

A) smoke cigarettes.
B) binge drink.
C) use illegal drugs.
D) be an addict.

Question 73

In a longitudinal study of 18-year-old students at the beginning and end of their first year in college,researchers found increases in the brain areas that integrate _____ and _____.

A) intelligence;conscientiousness
B) reasoning;reality
C) emotion;cognition
D) intelligence;problem solving

Question 74

The use of illegal drugs peaks around age _____ and declines more sharply than the use of cigarettes and alcohol.

A) 15
B) 18
C) 20
D) 24

Question 75

When compared with earlier cognition,thinking in adulthood is all the following EXCEPT more:

A) practical.
B) concrete.
C) flexible.
D) dialectical.

Question 76

Which phenomenon has contributed to the worldwide spread of sexually transmitted infections?

A) serial monogamy
B) international travel
C) localized prostitution
D) modern contraception

Question 77

Largely due to the sexual activities of young adults,_____ has become a worldwide epidemic.

A) premarital sex
B) HIV
C) teenage pregnancy
D) contraception

Question 78

_____ coined the term emerging adulthood.

A) Jeffrey Arnett
B) Erik Erikson
C) Jean Piaget
D) Lev Vygotsky

Question 79

A possible fifth stage of cognitive development that characterizes adult thinking is "_____ thought."

A) preformal
B) semiformal
C) informal
D) postformal

Question 80

As more is understood about brain development after adolescence,it seems that the characteristics of postformal thought are evident as the brain-the _____ in particular- matures.

A) prefrontal cortex
B) cerebellum
C) corpus callosum
D) thalamus