Deck 10: Adolescence: The Social World

Question 1

_____ is a type of parent-adolescent conflict that is usually repeated and ongoing and concerns small day-to-day matters.

Answer 1

Bickering

Question 2

_____ refers to how widespread criminal activity is during adolescence.

Answer 2

Prevalence

Question 3

Parental _____ refers to parents being aware of where their children are and what they are doing.

Answer 3

monitoring

Question 4

Boys are particularly likely to learn about sex from _____.

Question 5

Peers can provide _____,whereby one teen shows another how to rebel against social norms.

Question 6

According to Erikson,the four aspects of identity are _____,political,vocational,and sexual.

Question 7

_____ includes the roles and behaviors that society associates with the cultural and social characteristics appropriate for males and females.

Question 8

Parent-child conflict is less evident in cultures that stress _____.

Question 9

_____ describes the direction of a person's erotic desires.

Question 10

When young people accept traditional values without question,it is called "identity _____."

Question 11

_____ is characterized by a lack of commitment to any goals or values.

Question 12

Most peer relationships are _____.

Question 13

According to Erikson,the crisis in adolescence is identity versus _____.

Question 14

Currently,_____ identity is best seen as a dynamic,flexible path.

Question 15

_____ is defined as marked feelings of deep sadness and hopelessness leading to a disruption of normal activities.

Question 16

In adolescence,_____ can be negative,such as when it promotes conformance to deviant standards,or positive,such as when it promotes refraining from smoking.

Question 17

Suicidal _____ refers to thinking about suicide.

Question 18

According to James Marcia,there are four ways in which young people cope with the identity crisis: role confusion,foreclosure,_____,and identity achievement.

Question 19

Family closeness has four aspects: communication,support,_____,and control.

Question 20

_____,or mentally replaying past experiences,contributes to depression,especially in girls.

Question 21

Both the prevalence and incidence of drug use _____ from about ages 10 to 25.

Question 22

According to Erikson,the ultimate adolescent psychosocial goal is identity _____.

A) diffusion
B) achievement
C) foreclosure
D) moratorium

Question 23

Identity diffusion is typically characterized by:

A) lack of focus on or concern about the future.
B) foreclosure.
C) following one's heart.
D) commitment to a cause.

Question 24

Psychosocial development during adolescence involves the search for a(n):

A) spouse.
B) career.
C) set of behaviors to please others.
D) understanding of oneself.

Question 25

The term _____ offender refers to individuals whose criminal activity stops by age 21.

Question 26

Research confirms that parental example and _____ change are influential factors in an adolescent's drug use.

Question 27

The identity status characterized by a lack of commitment to any goals or values is:

A) achievement.
B) foreclosure.
C) diffusion.
D) moratorium.

Question 28

When an adolescent suicide is well publicized and seems to make a strong impression on other adolescents in the community,adults must be alert to prevent _____.

Question 29

According to Erikson,the goal of adolescence is to:

A) abandon parental goals.
B) find one's own identity.
C) attain independence from one's peer group.
D) form an intimate relationship with a member of the opposite sex.

Question 30

Jane is an adolescent.According to Erikson,her new identity will be established by:

A) choosing an appropriate adult "hero figure."
B) adopting values and goals opposite to the destructive identities of media stars.
C) embracing some parental and societal values while abandoning others.
D) deciding a sexual role and sticking with it,regardless of the consequences.

Question 31

Following Erikson's lead,_____ distinguished four specific ways young people cope with the identity crisis.

A) Baumrind
B) Freud
C) Marcia
D) Skinner

Question 32

_____ forgetting is the idea that each new generation disregards what the previous generation learned.

Question 33

Identity diffusion refers to the identity status in which adolescents:

A) pause during their identity formation to explore alternatives.
B) form their identity prematurely.
C) do not commit to goals and fail to take on any role.
D) understand who they are as connected to everything they have learned.

Question 34

Psychosocial development during adolescence is often seen as a quest to answer the question:

A) "What am I going to do with my life?"
B) "Will I ever find someone to love?"
C) "Who am I?"
D) "Why don't my parents understand me?"

Question 35

Which adolescent appears to be experiencing identity diffusion?

A) Jenny,who runs away from a pressured home environment and joins a commune
B) Thomas,who is pressured by his parents to become a doctor
C) Barbara,a college student who is majoring in psychology
D) Zachary,who spends most of his time watching TV,drinking,and avoiding responsibility

Question 36

One negative effect of _____ is that it impairs digestion and nutrition;another is that it slows growth.

Question 37

_____ is the most frequently abused drug among high school seniors in North America.

Question 38

According to Erikson,adolescents are in the stage of:

A) identity versus role confusion.
B) intimacy versus isolation.
C) independence versus neediness.
D) integration versus separation.

Question 39

_____ includes any deliberate self-harm that could have been lethal.

Question 40

Three signs that predict delinquency in adolescence are _____,shoplifting,and bullying.

Question 41

According to Erikson,_____ identity is an arena of identity formation.

A) physical
B) political
C) familial
D) economic

Question 42

Gender refers to:

A) the cultural or social attributes of being male or female.
B) the biological characteristics of being male or female.
C) the categories that boys and girls are sorted into at birth.
D) one's sexual orientation.

Question 43

According to researchers,which individual will probably be the MOST liberal?

A) Carla,who just turned 10
B) Liliana,who just turned 19
C) Marla,the mother of a teenager
D) Barrette,the father of a teenager

Question 44

Chad is serving a two-year mission for his church at the age of 19.When he returns home from his mission assignment,he will decide whether to attend college and will make decisions about career and family.Chad's current status is identity:

A) foreclosure.
B) moratorium.
C) diffusion.
D) achievement.

Question 45

Juan readily adopted his parents' political beliefs without question.Happy and secure,he enjoys participating in political events with his parents.His identity status reflects:

A) diffusion.
B) achievement.
C) foreclosure.
D) moratorium.

Question 46

Fernando believes that males should always be the ones to ask females out on dates.He thinks that if a man accepts an invitation for a date from a girl,it makes him a wimp.This is an example of Fernando's:

A) sex.
B) gender identity.
C) sexual orientation.
D) gender.

Question 47

The term for a pause in identity formation,when alternatives are explored before final choices are made,is:

A) identity diffusion.
B) role confusion.
C) negative identity.
D) moratorium.

Question 48

Of the various identity statuses,_____ is comfortable.

A) diffusion
B) moratorium
C) foreclosure
D) achievement

Question 49

Related to political identity is:

A) foreclosure.
B) vocational identity.
C) diffusion.
D) ethnic identity.

Question 50

When a person adopts parents' or society's roles and values without questioning and exploring a personal identity,it is referred to as "identity _____."

A) moratorium
B) foreclosure
C) diffusion
D) achievement

Question 51

Adolescents may express their _____ identities devoutly.

A) sexual
B) achievement
C) religious
D) vocational

Question 52

Seventeen-year-old James failed several classes,lost his job,and spends most of his time sleeping on the couch.When his parents voice their disapproval,he replies,"Whatever." James's response indicates:

A) role confusion.
B) identity achievement.
C) identity foreclosure.
D) moratorium.

Question 53

Research indicates that adolescents who work 20 hours a week or more:

A) save more money for college.
B) are more likely to love their work in adulthood.
C) create stronger vocational identities early on.
D) tend to hate their jobs and achieve less in school.

Question 54

During an identity moratorium,adolescents typically:

A) ignore their future roles and responsibilities.
B) take on temporary roles and postpone identity-achievement decisions.
C) change their identities from that of their youth.
D) adopt their parents' views after having tested them on their own.

Question 55

People's acceptance of the roles and behaviors that they define as male or female is referred to as their "_____ identity."

A) gender
B) ethnic
C) heterosexual
D) foreclosed

Question 56

_____ is an example of "identity foreclosure."

A) Dropping out of high school
B) Choosing a different career path than what parents wanted
C) Eagerness to vote in a national election
D) Working in the family business because it is expected

Question 57

Early _____ identity is no longer appropriate,as it was a century ago.

A) gender
B) political
C) vocational
D) sexual

Question 58

_____ adolescents totally reject the religions in which they've grown up.

A) Few
B) About half of all
C) About three-fourths of all
D) Almost all

Question 59

Without any thoughtful consideration,Steven took on an identity that is the opposite of what his parents want for him.Steven has adopted a(n):

A) negative identity.
B) positive identity.
C) non-identity.
D) over identity.

Question 60

Which statement is an example of a gender role?

A) A man should be the primary wage earner.
B) A baby is born with reproductive organs for both sexes.
C) A biological male decides to undergo an operation to become a woman.
D) A woman should try dating men and women.

Question 61

Parental monitoring is MOST likely to be effective and healthy when it is:

A) rigid and controlling.
B) part of a warm,supportive relationship.
C) relaxed and permissive.
D) part of authoritarian parenting.

Question 62

Two aspects of family closeness during adolescence include:

A) communication and autonomy.
B) support and connectedness.
C) connectedness and authority.
D) openness and control.

Question 63

In the United States,parent-child conflict is MOST common during:

A) late childhood.
B) early adolescence.
C) late adolescence.
D) emerging adulthood.

Question 64

In typical relationships,one would expect the MOST bickering between:

A) grandparents and teens.
B) adolescents and older siblings.
C) mothers and daughters.
D) fathers and sons.

Question 65

_____ refers to the belief that family members should support one another,sacrificing individual freedom and success to care for one another.

A) Familism
B) Authoritarianism
C) Extended-family cohesion
D) Ethnic connectedness

Question 66

Kayla called her friend Sue on Saturday to see whether Sue wanted to go to the movies.Sue told Kayla she was staying home to study for their upcoming history test.After the call,Kayla decided to study instead of go to the movies.Kayla was experiencing:

A) conformation.
B) adolescent burden.
C) generation gap.
D) peer pressure.

Question 67

The DSM-IV labeled individuals who had a strong and persistent cross-gender identification as having "gender identity disorder." The DSM-5 instead describes people who are distressed at their biological genders as having "_____."

A) gender atypicality
B) sexual fetishism
C) sexual atypicality
D) gender dysphoria

Question 68

Some parent-child bickering during the adolescent years may indicate:

A) a disturbed parent-child relationship.
B) poor parenting skills.
C) teenage depression.
D) a healthy family.

Question 69

Bickering between parents and adolescents is MOST likely to:

A) be about religious beliefs.
B) signal pathology in the family.
C) concern personal habits and dress.
D) increase steadily between the ages of 13 and 19.

Question 70

Isaac and Derek persuaded John to cut school and steal alcohol from a store.Isaac and Derek provided _____ to John.

A) criminal coaching
B) deviancy training
C) delinquent apprenticeship
D) offender initiation

Question 71

_____ and _____ are especially important for understanding the impact of peers.

A) Selection;facilitation
B) Age;maturity
C) Vocational identity;political identity
D) Moratorium;diffusion

Question 72

An intervention study designed to improve family communication and cohesion between parents and their sons revealed that the sons' DNA was important to the outcome.Which of these was a finding from the study?

A) The intervention had an impact on boys with a long allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.
B) The intervention had an impact on boys with a short allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.
C) The control experience had an impact on boys with a long allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.
D) The control experience had an impact on boys with a short allele of the 5-HTTLPR gene.

Question 73

Healthy communication and support from parents make _____ peer relationships more likely.

A) constructive
B) destructive
C) other-sex
D) romantic

Question 74

Brenda is aware of where her son is whenever he goes out,and she requires him to call if there is any change in plans.This is an example of:

A) generational stake.
B) foreclosure for her son.
C) parental monitoring.
D) negative control.

Question 75

Several of Jake's friends agree to gather Thursday evening and study for their physics exam,and they invite him to come along.Jake's friends are:

A) selecting destructive behaviors.
B) facilitating constructive behaviors.
C) providing deviancy training.
D) being monitored by parents.

Question 76

A father says to his son,"I want you home by 10:00 P.M." This BEST represents which aspect of family closeness?

A) control
B) support
C) communication
D) connectedness

Question 77

At age 17,Zack aspired to become a serious musician.His group of friends began to change as he grew closer to students with deep musical interests,and he drifted away from other friends who were more engaged in sports.This illustrates peer:

A) exclusion.
B) facilitation.
C) selection.
D) focus.

Question 78

The urge to conform to one's peers in behavior,dress,and attitude is referred to as:

A) conformation.
B) adolescent burden.
C) generation gap.
D) peer pressure.

Question 79

Rachel is in her bedroom with her mother.Rachel's mother exclaims,"You need to get these clothes off the floor right now!" Rachel replies,"It's my room,and I will leave things where I want." Rachel's mother responds,"I am your mother,and you will do what I say." This is an example of:

A) bickering.
B) open communication.
C) parental monitoring.
D) family bonds.

Question 80

Parents' awareness of where their adolescents are,what they are doing,and with whom they are doing it is referred to as "_____."

A) parental monitoring
B) generational stake
C) psychological control
D) connectedness