Deck 2: Visualizing Data With Charts and Graphs

Question 1

Dot Plots are mainly used to display a large data set.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A scatter plot shows how the numbers in a data set are scattered around their average.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

A scatter plot indicates that two variables are unrelated as their data are scattered.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A scatter plot is a two-dimensional graph plot of data containing pairs of observations on two numerical variables.

Question 5

A graphical representation of a frequency distribution is called a pie chart.

Question 6

For a company in a gardening supplies business, the best graphical presentation of the percentage of the total budget spent in each different expense category is the stem and leaf plot.

Question 7

A cumulative frequency distribution provides a running total of the frequencies through the classes of a frequency distribution.

Question 8

A cumulative frequency polygon is also called an ogive.

Question 9

One rule that must always be followed in constructing frequency distributions is that adjacent classes must overlap.

Question 10

A Pareto chart and a pie chart are both types of qualitative graphs.

Question 11

In contrast to quantitative data graphs that are plotted along a numerical scale, qualitative graphs are plotted using non-numerical categories.

Question 12

The difference between the highest number and the lowest number in a set of data is called the differential frequency.

Question 13

For any given data set, a frequency distribution with a larger number of classes will always be better than the one with a smaller number of classes.

Question 14

In a histogram, the tallest bar(s)represents the class or classes with the highest cumulative frequency.

Question 15

If the individual class frequency is divided by the total frequency, the result is the median frequency.

Question 16

A cross tabulation is a graph that separately displays the frequency counts for two variables.

Question 17

One advantage of a stem and leaf plot over a frequency distribution is that the values of the original data are retained.

Question 18

A summary of data in which raw data are grouped into different ordered intervals and the number of items in each group is noted is called a frequency distribution.

Question 19

A scatter plot is useful for examining the relationship between two numerical variables.

Question 20

A histogram can be described as a type of vertical bar chart.

Question 21

Consider the following frequency distribution: $$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Frequency } \\10 \text {-under } 20 & 15 \\20 \text {-under } 30 & 25 \\30 \text {-under } 40 & 10\end{array}$$
What is the relative frequency of the first class?

A)0.15
B)0.30
C)0.10
D)0.20
E)0.40

Question 22

Time-series data should be shown from oldest time period to the most recent.

Question 23

When looking at a scatter plot, if a trend can be discerned between changes in one variable that appear to be related to changes in the other variable, there is likely a relationship between the two variables.

Question 24

To compare two series of data during the same time period, the graph should show the first and then show the second after that, all in one line.

Question 25

The cumulative frequency for a class is 27.The cumulative frequency for the next (non-empty)class will be _______.

A)less than 27
B)equal to 27
C)next class frequency minus 27
D)27 minus the next class frequency
E)27 plus the next class frequency

Question 26

The number of phone calls arriving at a switchboard each hour has been recorded, and the following frequency distribution has been developed.
$$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Frequency } \\20 \text {-under } 40 & 30 \\40 \text {-under } 60 & 45 \\60 \text {-under } 80 & 80 \\80 \text {-under } 100 & 45\end{array}$$
What is the cumulative frequency of the third class?

A)80
B)0.40
C)155
D)75
E)105

Question 27

Consider the following frequency distribution: $$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Frequency } \\10 \text {-under } 20 & 15 \\20 \text {-under } 30 & 25 \\30 \text {-under } 40 & 10\end{array}$$
What is the midpoint of the first class?

A)10
B)20
C)15
D)30
E)40

Question 28

The number of phone calls arriving at a switchboard each hour has been recorded, and the following frequency distribution has been developed.
$$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Frequency } \\20 \text {-under } 40 & 30 \\40 \text {-under } 60 & 45 \\60 \text {-under } 80 & 80 \\80 \text {-under } 100 & 45\end{array}$$
What is the midpoint of the last class?

A)80
B)100
C)95
D)90
E)85

Question 29

The following class intervals for a frequency distribution were developed to provide information regarding the starting salaries for students graduating from a particular school: $\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{lll}\text {Salary}\\\\\\\\\\\\\end{array}\begin{array}{lll}\text {Number of Graduates}\\\text { (\$1,000s) } \\\text { 28-under } 31 \\\text { 31-under } 34 \\\text { 34-under } 35 \\\text { 35-under } 38 \end{array}\begin{array}{lll}\\\\-\\-\\-\\-\\\end{array}\end{array}$


Before data were collected, someone questioned the validity of this arrangement.Which of the following represents a problem with this set of intervals?

A)The intervals are too wide.
B)More classes are needed as the numbers are in the thousands.
C)The first interval should start at 0.
D)The second and the third interval overlap.
E)The third interval is smaller than the others.

Question 30

To consider historical data as part of their decisions, management often uses time-series data.

Question 31

A person has decided to construct a frequency distribution for a set of data containing 60 numbers.The lowest number is 23 and the highest number is 68.If 7 classes are used, the class width should be approximately _______.

A)5
B)7
C)9
D)11
E)12

Question 32

The point of "cleaning" time-series data is to be sure all the data are accurate.

Question 33

The following class intervals for a frequency distribution were developed to provide information regarding the starting salaries for students graduating from a particular school: $$\begin{array} { l c } \begin{array} { l } \text { Salary } \\\text { (\$1,000s) }\end{array} & \text { Number of Graduates } \\\text { 28-under 31 } & - \\\text { 31-under 35 } & - \\\text { 34-under 37 } & - \\\text { 39-under 40 } & -\end{array}$$
Before data were collected, someone questioned the validity of this arrangement.Which of the following represents a problem with this set of intervals?

A)There are too many intervals.
B)The class widths are too small.
C)Some numbers between 28,000 and 40,000 would fall into two different intervals.
D)The first and the second interval overlap.
E)There are too few intervals.

Question 34

An instructor made a frequency table of the scores his students got on a test
$$\begin{array} { c c } \text { Score } & \text { Frequency } \\30 \text {-under } 40 & 1 \\40 \text {-under } 50 & 4 \\50 \text {-under } 60 & 5 \\60 \text {-under } 70 & 10 \\70 \text {-under } 80 & 20 \\80 \text {-under } 90 & 10 \\90 \text {-under } 100 & 5\end{array}$$
Approximately what percent of students got more than 70?

A)36
B)20
C)50
D)10
E)64

Question 35

Consider the following frequency distribution: $$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Frequency } \\10 \text {-under } 20 & 15 \\20 \text {-under } 30 & 25 \\30 \text {-under } 40 & 10\end{array}$$
What is the cumulative frequency of the second class interval?

A)25
B)40
C)15
D)50

Question 36

The number of phone calls arriving at a switchboard each hour has been recorded, and the following frequency distribution has been developed.
$$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Frequency } \\20 \text {-under } 40 & 30 \\40 \text {-under } 60 & 45 \\60 \text {-under } 80 & 80 \\80 \text {-under } 100 & 45\end{array}$$
What is the relative frequency of the second class?

A)0.455
B)0.900
C)0.225
D)0.750
E)0.725

Question 37

An instructor made a frequency table of the scores his students got on a test
$$\begin{array} { c c } \text { Score } & \text { Frequency } \\30 \text {-under } 40 & 1 \\40 \text {-under } 50 & 4 \\50 \text {-under } 60 & 5 \\60 \text {-under } 70 & 10 \\70 \text {-under } 80 & 20 \\80 \text {-under } 90 & 10 \\90 \text {-under } 100 & 5\end{array}$$
The midpoint of the last class interval is _________.

A)90
B)5
C)95
D)100
E)50

Question 38

Visualization of time-series data is considered descriptive business analytics.

Question 39

A frequency distribution was developed.The lower endpoint of the first class is 9.30, and the midpoint is 9.35.What is the upper endpoint of this class?

A)9.50
B)9.60
C)9.70
D)9.40
E)9.80

Question 40

To show differences between different series during the same time periods, different trend lines, each in a different color, and all using the same x axis for graphing.

Question 41

Consider the following stem and leaf plot:
$$\begin{array} { c l } \text { Stem } & \text { Leaf } \\1 & 0,2,5,7 \\2 & 2,3,4,4 \\3 & 0,4,6,6,9 \\4 & 5,8,8,9 \\5 & 2,7,8\end{array}$$
Suppose that a frequency distribution was developed from this plot, and there were 5 classes (10-under 20, 20-under 30, etc.).What would the frequency be for class 30-under 40?

A)3
B)4
C)6
D)7
E)5

Question 42

Pinky Bauer, Chief Financial Officer of Harrison Haulers, Inc., suspects irregularities in the payroll system and orders an inspection of "each and every payroll voucher issued since January 1, 2000." Each payroll voucher was inspected and the following frequency distribution was compiled. $\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{c}\text { Errors per Voucher}\\\text { 0 -under 2}\\\text { 2-under 4}\\\text { 4-under 6}\\\text { 6-under 8}\\\text { 8-under 10}\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\text {Number of Vouchers}\\500 \\400 \\300 \\200 \\100\end{array}\end{array}$

The midpoint of the first class interval is _________.

A)500
B)2
C)1.5
D)1
E)250

Question 43

Consider the following stem and leaf plot:
$$\begin{array} { c l } \text { Stem } & \text { Leaf } \\1 & 0,2,5,7 \\2 & 2,3,4,8 \\3 & 0,4,6,6,9 \\4 & 5,8,8,9 \\5 & 2,7,8\end{array}$$
Suppose that a frequency distribution was developed from this plot, and there were 5 classes (10-under 20, 20-under 30, etc.).What was the highest number in the data set?

A)50
B)58
C)59
D)78
E)98

Question 44

Consider the following stem and leaf plot:
$$\begin{array} { c l } \text { Stem } & \text { Leaf } \\1 & 0,2,5,7 \\2 & 2,3,4,8 \\3 & 0,4,6,6,9 \\4 & 5,8,8,9 \\5 & 2,7,8\end{array}$$
Suppose that a frequency distribution was developed from this, and there were 5 classes (10-under 20, 20-under 30, etc.).What is the cumulative frequency for the 30-under 40 class interval?

A)5
B)9
C)13
D)14
E)18

Question 45

Consider the relative frequency distribution given $$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Relative Frequency } \\\text { 20-under } 40 & 0.2 \\40 \text {-under } 60 & 0.3 \\60 \text {-under } 80 & 0.4 \\\text { 80-under } 100 & 0.1\end{array}$$
There were 60 numbers in the data set.How many numbers were in the interval 20-under 40?

A)12
B)20
C)40
D)10
E)15

Question 46

The following class intervals for a frequency distribution were developed to provide information regarding the starting salaries for students graduating from a particular school: $\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{lll}\text {Salary }\\(\$1,000s)\\\text {28 -under 31}\\\text {31-under 35}\\\text {34 -under 37}\\\text {39-under 40}\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\text { Number of Graduates }\\\\-\\-\\-\\-\\\end{array}\end{array}$


Before data were collected, someone questioned the validity of this arrangement.Which of the following represents a problem with this set of intervals?

A)There are too many intervals.
B)The class widths are too small.
C)The class widths are too large.
D)The second and the third interval overlap.
E)There are too few intervals.

Question 47

Consider the relative frequency distribution given below:
$$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Relative Frequency } \\\text { 20-under } 40 & 0.2 \\40 \text {-under } 60 & 0.3 \\60 \text {-under } 80 & 0.4 \\\text { 80-under } 100 & 0.1\end{array}$$
There were 60 numbers in the data set.How many numbers were in the interval 40-under 60?

A)30
B)50
C)18
D)12
E)15

Question 48

Consider the following frequency distribution: $$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Frequency } \\100 \text {-under } 200 & 25 \\200 \text {-under } 300 & 45 \\300 \text {-under } 400 & 30\end{array}$$
What is the cumulative frequency of the second class interval?

A)25
B)45
C)70
D)100
E)250

Question 49

Abel Alonzo, Director of Human Resources, is exploring employee absenteeism at Harrison Haulers, Inc.during the last operating year.A review of all personnel records indicated that absences ranged from zero to twenty-nine days per employee.The following class intervals were proposed for a frequency distribution of absences. $\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text { Absences}\\\text { (Days)}\\\text { 0 -under 10}\\\text { 10-under 20}\\\text { 20-under 30}\\\end{array}\begin{array}{r}\text { Number of Employees }\\\\-\\-\\-\\\end{array}\end{array}$

Which of the following might represent a problem with this set of intervals?

A)There are too few intervals.
B)Some numbers between 0 and 29 would not fall into any interval.
C)The first and second interval overlaps.
D)There are too many intervals.
E)The second and the third interval overlap.

Question 50

Each day, the office staff at Oasis Quick Shop prepares a frequency distribution and an ogive of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions.Saturday's cumulative frequency ogive follows. The total number of sales transactions on Saturday was _____________.

A)200
B)500
C)300
D)100
E)400

Question 51

Consider the relative frequency distribution given below:
$$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Relative Frequency } \\\text { 20-under } 40 & 0.2 \\40 \text {-under } 60 & 0.3 \\60 \text {-under } 80 & 0.4 \\\text { 80-under } 100 & 0.1\end{array}$$
There were 60 numbers in the data set.How many of the number were less than 80?

A)90
B)80
C)0.9
D)54
E)100

Question 52

Consider the following stem and leaf plot:
$$\begin{array} { c l } \text { Stem } & \text { Leaf } \\1 & 0,2,5,7 \\2 & 2,3,4,8 \\3 & 0,4,6,6,9 \\4 & 5,8,8,9 \\5 & 2,7,8\end{array}$$
Suppose that a frequency distribution was developed from this plot, and there were 5 classes (10-under 20, 20-under 30, etc.).What would be the relative frequency of the class 20-under 30?

A)0.4
B)0.25
C)0.20
D)4
E)0.50

Question 53

Pinky Bauer, Chief Financial Officer of Harrison Haulers, Inc., suspects irregularities in the payroll system and orders an inspection of "each and every payroll voucher issued since January 1, 2000." Each payroll voucher was inspected and the following frequency distribution was compiled. $\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{c}\text { Errors per Voucher}\\\text { 0 -under 2}\\\text { 2-under 4}\\\text { 4-under 6}\\\text { 6-under 8}\\\text { 8-under 10}\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\text {Number of Vouchers}\\500 \\400 \\300 \\200 \\100\end{array}\end{array}$

The relative frequency of the first class interval is _________.

A)0.50
B)0.33
C)0.40
D)0.27
E)0.67

Question 54

Abel Alonzo, Director of Human Resources, is exploring employee absenteeism at Harrison Haulers, Inc.during the last operating year.A review of all personnel records indicated that absences ranged from zero to twenty-nine days per employee.The following class intervals were proposed for a frequency distribution of absences. $\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{l}\text { Absences}\\\text { (Days)}\\\text { 0 -under 5}\\\text { 5-under 10}\\\text { 10-under 15}\\\text { 20 -under 25}\\\text { 25 -under 30}\\\end{array}\begin{array}{r}\text { Number of Employees }\\\\-\\-\\-\\-\\-\\\end{array}\end{array}$

Which of the following represents a problem with this set of intervals?

A)There are too few intervals.
B)Some numbers between 0 and 29, inclusively, would not fall into any interval.
C)The first and second interval overlaps.
D)There are too many intervals.
E)The second and the third interval overlap.

Question 55

Pinky Bauer, Chief Financial Officer of Harrison Haulers, Inc., suspects irregularities in the payroll system and orders an inspection of "each and every payroll voucher issued since January 1, 2000." Each payroll voucher was inspected and the following frequency distribution was compiled. $\begin{array}{c}\begin{array}{c}\text { Errors per Voucher}\\\text { 0 -under 2}\\\text { 2-under 4}\\\text { 4-under 6}\\\text { 6-under 8}\\\text { 8-under 10}\end{array}\begin{array}{c}\text {Number of Vouchers}\\500 \\400 \\300 \\200 \\100\end{array}\end{array}$

The cumulative frequency of the second class interval is _________.

A)1,500
B)500
C)900
D)1,000
E)1,200

Question 56

Consider the following stem and leaf plot:
$$\begin{array} { c l } \text { Stem } & \text { Leaf } \\1 & 0,2,5,7 \\2 & 2,3,4,8 \\3 & 0,4,6,6,9 \\4 & 5,8,8,9 \\5 & 2,7,8\end{array}$$
Suppose that a frequency distribution was developed from this plot, and there were 5 classes (10-under 20, 20-under 30, etc.).What was the lowest number in the data set?

A)0
B)10
C)7
D)2
E)1

Question 57

Consider the following frequency distribution: $$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Frequency } \\100 \text {-under } 200 & 25 \\200 \text {-under } 300 & 45 \\300 \text {-under } 400 & 30\end{array}$$
What is the midpoint of the first class?

A)100
B)150
C)25
D)250
E)200

Question 58

Consider the following frequency distribution: $$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Frequency } \\100 \text {-under } 200 & 25 \\200 \text {-under } 300 & 45 \\300 \text {-under } 400 & 30\end{array}$$
What is the midpoint of the last class interval?

A)15
B)350
C)300
D)200
E)400

Question 59

The following represent the ages of students in a class: 19, 23, 21, 19, 19, 20, 22, 31, 21, 20
If a stem and leaf plot were to be developed from this, how many stems would there be?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)10

Question 60

Consider the following frequency distribution: $$\begin{array} { l c } \text { Class Interval } & \text { Frequency } \\100 \text {-under } 200 & 25 \\200 \text {-under } 300 & 45 \\300 \text {-under } 400 & 30\end{array}$$
What is the relative frequency of the second class interval?

A)0.45
B)0.70
C)0.30
D)0.33
E)0.50

Question 61

An instructor has decided to graphically represent the grades on a test.The instructor uses a plus/minus grading system (i.e.she gives grades of A-, B+, etc.).Which of the following would provide the most information for the students?

A)A histogram
B)A bar chart
C)A cumulative frequency distribution
D)A frequency distribution
E)A scatter plot

Question 62

The staff of Mr.Wayne Wertz, VP of Operations at Portland Peoples Bank, prepared a frequency histogram of waiting time for drive up ATM customers. Approximately _____ drive up ATM customers waited less than 2 minutes.

A)20
B)30
C)100
D)180
E)200

Question 63

The 2010 and 2012 market share data of three competitors (Alston, Baren, and Clemson)in an oligopolistic industry are presented in the following pie charts. Which of the following is true?

A)Only Baren gained market share.
B)Only Clemson lost market share.
C)Alston lost market share.
D)Baren lost market share.
E)All companies lost market share

Question 64

The following is a bar chart of the self-reported race for 189 pregnant women. Approximately _____ percent of pregnant women are African-American

A)20
B)14
C)5
D)35
E)50

Question 65

The 2010 and 2012 market share data of three competitors (Alston, Baren, and Clemson)in an oligopolistic industry are presented in the following pie charts.Total sales for this industry were $1.5 billion in 2010 and $1.8 billion in 2012.Baren's sales in 2010 were ___________.

A)$342 million
B)$630 million
C)$675 million
D)$828 million
E)$928 million

Question 66

Each day, the office staff at Oasis Quick Shop prepares a frequency distribution and an ogive of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions.Saturday's cumulative frequency ogive follows. The percentage of sales transactions on Saturday that were under $100 each was _____________.

A)100
B)10
C)80
D)20
E)15

Question 67

Each day, the office staff at Oasis Quick Shop prepares a frequency distribution and an ogive of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions.Saturday's cumulative frequency ogive follows. The percentage of sales transactions on Saturday that were between $100 and $150 was _____________.

A)20
B)40
C)60
D)80
E)10

Question 68

Each day, the manager at Jamie's Auto Care Shop prepares a frequency distribution and a histogram of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions.Friday's histogram follows. On Friday, the approximate number of sales transactions between $150 and $175 was _____________.

A)75
B)200
C)300
D)400
E)500

Question 69

The staff of Mr.Wayne Wertz, VP of Operations at Portland Peoples Bank, prepared a frequency histogram of waiting time for drive up ATM customers. Approximately ____ drive up ATM customers waited at least 7 minutes.

A)20
B)30
C)100
D)180
E)200

Question 70

The 2010 and 2012 market share data of three competitors (Alston, Baren, and Clemson)in an oligopolistic industry are presented in the following pie charts.Total sales for this industry were $1.5 billion in 2010 and $1.8 billion in 2012.Clemson's sales in 2010 were ___________.

A)$330 million
B)$630 million
C)$675 million
D)$828 million
E)$928 million

Question 71

The staff of Mr.Wayne Wertz, VP of Operations at Portland Peoples Bank, prepared a cumulative frequency ogive of waiting time for walk-in customers. The total number of walk-in customers included in the study was _________.

A)100
B)250
C)300
D)450
E)500

Question 72

The staff of Ms.Tamara Hill, VP of Technical Analysis at Blue Sky Brokerage, prepared a frequency histogram of market capitalization of the 937 corporations listed on the American Stock Exchange in January 2013. Approximately ________ corporations had capitalizations of $200,000,000 or less.

A)50
B)100
C)700
D)800
E)900

Question 73

The staff of the accounting and the quality control departments rated their respective supervisor's leadership style as either (1)authoritarian or (2)participatory.Sixty-eight percent of the accounting staff rated their supervisor "authoritarian," and thirty-two percent rated him/her "participatory." Forty percent of the quality control staff rated their supervisor "authoritarian," and sixty percent rated him/her "participatory." The best graphic depiction of these data would be two ___________________.

A)histograms
B)frequency polygons
C)ogives
D)pie charts
E)scatter plots

Question 74

The staff of Ms.Tamara Hill, VP of Technical Analysis at Blue Sky Brokerage, prepared a frequency histogram of market capitalization of the 937 corporations listed on the American Stock Exchange in January 2019. Enlarged chart below and same chart in question 65 is also made larger, per suggestion Approximately ________ corporations had capitalization exceeding $200,000,000.

A)50
B)100
C)700
D)800
E)890

Question 75

The staff of Mr.Wayne Wertz, VP of Operations at Portland Peoples Bank, prepared a cumulative frequency ogive of waiting time for walk-in customers. The percentage of walk-in customers waiting one minute or less was _________.

A)22
B)11
C)67
D)10
E)5

Question 76

Each day, the manager at Jamie's Auto Care Shop prepares a frequency distribution and a histogram of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions.Friday's histogram follows. On Friday, the approximate number of sales transactions in the 75-under 100 category was _____________.

A)10
B)100
C)150
D)200
E)60

Question 77

The 2010 and 2012 market share data of three competitors (Alston, Baren, and Clemson)in an oligopolistic industry are presented in the following pie charts. Which of the following may be a false statement?

A)Sales revenues declined at Clemson.
B)Only Clemson lost market share.
C)Alston gained market share.
D)Baren gained market share.
E)Both Alston and Baren gained market share

Question 78

The staff of Mr.Wayne Wertz, VP of Operations at Portland Peoples Bank, prepared a cumulative frequency ogive of waiting time for walk-in customers. The percentage of walk-in customers waiting between 1 and 6 minutes was ___.

A)22
B)11
C)37
D)10
E)67

Question 79

Each day, the office staff at Oasis Quick Shop prepares a frequency distribution and an ogive of sales transactions by dollar value of the transactions.Saturday's cumulative frequency ogive follows. The percentage of sales transactions on Saturday that were at least $100 each was _____________.

A)100
B)10
C)80
D)20
E)15

Question 80

The staff of Mr.Wayne Wertz, VP of Operations at Portland Peoples Bank, prepared a cumulative frequency ogive of waiting time for walk-in customers. The percentage of walk-in customers waiting more than 6 minutes was ______.

A)22
B)11
C)67
D)10
E)75