Deck 16: The Era of Reconstruction 1865-1877

Question 1

The Freedmen's Bureau was the first federal experiment in providing assistance directly to people rather than to states.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Fifteenth Amendment freed the slaves.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Waving "the bloody shirt" meant referring to the Civil War and the southern rebellion in order to discredit political opponents.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The most popular religious denomination among blacks in the postwar South was Baptist.

Question 5

Democrats generally favored "sound" or "hard" monetary policies.

Question 6

Scalawags were generally Republicans native to the South who had opposed secession.

Question 7

Which of the following was NOT a task of the Freedmen's Bureau?

A) negotiating labor contracts
B) providing medical care
C) setting up schools
D) arming the freedmen
E) distributing food

Question 8

Despite winning the popular vote in 1876, Samuel Tilden lost the presidency.

Question 9

Lincoln's assassin, John Wilkes Booth:

A) supported the Radical Republicans
B) used a high-powered rifle
C) was never apprehended
D) shot him during a speech
E) was a pro-Confederate actor

Question 10

The Fourteenth Amendment recognized the validity of Confederate debts.

Question 11

The South emerged from the Civil War with a strong, diversified economy.

Question 12

Johnson's Reconstruction plan:

A) completely repudiated Lincoln's
B) would restore the Union fairly quickly
C) gave the vote to all black men
D) aimed to keep elite planters in power
E) would leave the South completely unchanged

Question 13

Why was Johnson picked as Lincoln's running mate in 1864?

A) They were both lifelong Republicans.
B) They held identical political positions.
C) They agreed on the need for strict terms to readmit southern states into the Union.
D) As a gesture of unity, they combined to create a National Union ticket.
E) Johnson and Lincoln had already served together in the Illinois state government.

Question 14

In the Compromise of 1877, Republicans promised to withdraw the last federal troops from the South.

Question 15

President Johnson's plan to restore the Union closely resembled Lincoln's.

Question 16

Lincoln's successor, Andrew Johnson:

A) was a pro-Union southerner
B) supported black equality
C) supported the interests of southern planters
D) was Lincoln's equal in political skill
E) tried to repeal the Thirteenth Amendment

Question 17

After the House of Representatives impeached President Johnson, the Senate failed to convict him by just one vote.

Question 18

Emancipation had what impact on the South?

A) It ended cotton cultivation throughout the region.
B) It left the South's agricultural economy in disarray.
C) It resulted in the immediate rebound of tobacco production.
D) It eliminated racial prejudice in many states.
E) It encouraged reconciliation with the North.

Question 19

Under Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction:

A) loyal governments appeared in five states, but Congress refused to recognize them
B) loyal governments were recognized by Congress in three southern states
C) 10 percent of elected officials in a state had to be black
D) 10 percent of the 1860 voters had to take an oath of allegiance to the Union
E) leading Confederates would be sent to prison

Question 20

Why did congressional Republicans write the Wade-Davis Manifesto?

A) to proclaim their strong support of President Lincoln's Reconstruction policies
B) to warn the South of a second Civil War if it did not grant full civil rights to the freedmen
C) to protest Lincoln's veto of the Wade-Davis Bill and accuse Lincoln of exceeding his constitutional authority
D) to express their opinion that the South deserved lenient terms to rejoin the Union
E) to accuse England of meddling in the Civil War

Question 21

Most carpetbaggers were:

A) corrupt and greedy
B) illiterate
C) wealthy business owners
D) Union veterans
E) former Confederates

Question 22

Southern efforts to re-create a society that looked similar to the Confederacy had what political impact?

A) Slavery became legal once more.
B) The Fourteenth Amendment was repealed.
C) The Democratic party ceased to function.
D) President Johnson was removed from office.
E) Moderate Republicans moved to support Radical Republicans' Reconstruction policies.

Question 23

President Johnson fully broke with Congress in 1866 when he:

A) made a drunken appearance in public
B) spoke in favor of the black codes
C) released Jefferson Davis from prison
D) vetoed the Civil Rights Act
E) addressed the Radicals in profane language

Question 24

The Radical Republicans understood that essential to maintaining Republican control of the federal government was:

A) a quick restoration of the Union
B) continued military occupation of the South
C) close cooperation with President Johnson
D) pardons for ex-Confederates
E) the right of ex-slaves to vote

Question 25

Why did service in the Union army or navy benefit many freedmen?

A) It offered training on how to kill former Confederates.
B) It instilled a respect for the former Confederacy.
C) It opened a secret supply of weapons for planned rebellions.
D) It provided training in leadership and alerted them to new opportunities in economic advancement and civic leadership.
E) It offered a quicker avenue to true racial equality.

Question 26

All of the following statements about the Fifteenth Amendment are true EXCEPT:

A) Mississippi, Texas, and Virginia ratified it before being readmitted
B) it forbade the states to deny any person the vote on grounds of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
C) Congress rescinded Georgia's readmission and insisted it ratify the amendment before regaining its readmission
D) Kentucky did not ratify it
E) it ended slavery

Question 27

Johnson violated the Tenure of Office Act when:

A) he named to his cabinet someone that had not been confirmed by the Senate
B) he named his brother to serve as a federal judge
C) he fired his vice president
D) he tried to remove one of his cabinet members without Senate permission
E) he failed to deliver the State of the Union address in 1866

Question 28

All of the following are true about African American involvement in the political arena during Reconstruction EXCEPT:

A) their lack of education and inexperience in politics put them at a disadvantage
B) within a few years of the end of the Civil War, former slaves were voting in large numbers
C) several African Americans were elected as governors
D) few African Americans served as judges
E) in the new state governments, African American participation was a novelty

Question 29

Why did the Radical-led Congress pass the Civil Rights Act of 1866?

A) It was a response to the black codes and the neo-slavery system created by unrepentant southern legislatures.
B) It was to foster national reconciliation and genuine feelings of patriotism among all Americans.
C) It was part of a plan to ease the requirements on the readmission of southern states to the Union.
D) It enjoyed the support of President Johnson.
E) Southern states requested the bill to clarify the rights of their citizens before rejoining the Union.

Question 30

The "black codes" enacted by southern legislatures:

A) were accepted by Congress
B) showed the South's spirit of conciliation
C) tried to restore white supremacy
D) proved the success of Johnson's Reconstruction plan
E) forbade blacks to marry

Question 31

During Reconstruction, African Americans :

A) passively awaited developments
B) attempted to establish schools
C) normally joined integrated churches
D) terrorized their former masters
E) refused to work for wages

Question 32

When, in late 1865, the former Confederate states sent a number of ex-Confederates to Congress, the Unionists in Congress:

A) denied them their seats
B) shunned them socially
C) gave them only minor committee assignments
D) sincerely welcomed them
E) called them traitors

Question 33

Johnson's Proclamation of Amnesty excluded:

A) everybody with taxable property worth more than $20,000
B) the freedmen
C) the small farmers
D) the British
E) northern industrialists

Question 34

Why did Radical Republicans want to disenfranchise former Confederates?

A) To make the South a northern colony
B) To ensure the South would never rejoin the Union
C) To keep former Confederates from electing Democrats eager to restore the old southern ruling class to power
D) To facilitate a complete national reconciliation that included both southern whites and blacks
E) To anger President Lincoln

Question 35

Andrew Johnson was

A) impeached and immediately removed from office
B) threatened with impeachment but never actually impeached
C) impeached by the Supreme Court
D) impeached, then imprisoned
E) impeached by the House but not convicted by the Senate

Question 36

The main purpose of the Union League was to:

A) organize groups of Republicans in the South
B) terrorize ex-Confederates
C) acquire land for Union veterans
D) defy Radical Reconstruction
E) organize black laborers for higher wages

Question 37

What was the main reason Congress impeached Andrew Johnson?

A) corruption
B) violation of the Tenure of Office Act
C) sexual misconduct
D) tax evasion
E) illegal trafficking in slavery

Question 38

The Military Reconstruction Act:

A) was overturned by the Supreme Court
B) showed the decline of Radical power
C) required new state constitutions in the South
D) removed federal troops from the South
E) wiped out the black codes

Question 39

The 1866 congressional elections:

A) showed public approval of Johnson's policies
B) gave Republicans veto-proof majorities
C) encouraged the South to be even more defiant
D) were the first in which blacks could vote
E) reduced the influence of the Radicals

Question 40

The main issue that caused the dispute between Congress and President Johnson was

A) Johnson's role in Lincoln's assassination
B) Johnson's past service as a Confederate soldier
C) a growing conflict of opinion over Reconstruction policy
D) Congress's insistence that Johnson stole the presidency
E) the House's impeachment of Johnson

Question 41

In South Carolina, the fact that lower-class whites enjoyed unprecedented political power under Radical Republican rule:

A) generated unexpected support for Radical Reconstruction among southern white elites
B) resulted in a rebellion that overthrew the reconstructed South Carolina state government
C) enabled the state legislature to reinstitute legal slavery
D) helped keep corruption from becoming a problem in the state government
E) led many former Confederate leaders to oppose the Radical state legislature

Question 42

In response to the Klan, President Grant:

A) did nothing
B) endorsed their activities
C) created a special federal police force
D) ordered the army to crush it
E) tried to protect black rights

Question 43

Most scalawags were white southerners who had:

A) owned slaves
B) served in the Union army
C) changed their minds about race relations
D) become educated
E) opposed secession

Question 44

Jay Gould and James Fisk triggered a scandal with their scheme to:

A) embezzle public funds
B) create a railroad monopoly
C) corner the gold market
D) sell damaged goods to the Indians
E) bribe members of Congress

Question 45

Many former Confederates resented the new state constitutions imposed by Radical Republicans because:

A) all former Confederates were denied the right to vote
B) their provisions allowed for black voting and civil rights
C) former Confederates were uniformly banned from holding any public office
D) their provisions granted universal female suffrage
E) state governments were dismantled and replaced by direct federal administration

Question 46

By the time President Grant took office, southern resistance to Reconstruction efforts had:

A) dissipated
B) led to a withdrawal of federal financial support
C) turned violent
D) taken on a peaceful approach
E) renewed the Civil War

Question 47

Advocates of "soft-money," or paper, currency:

A) tended to be merchants and bankers
B) saw economic benefits in price inflation
C) urged the elimination of greenbacks
D) dominated the Grant administration
E) wanted to cancel the national debt

Question 48

Why did southern Democrats agree to the Compromise of 1877?

A) It gave the Democrats the White House for the first time since before the Civil War.
B) It permitted the Democrats to gain control of the Senate.
C) It ensured the last federal troops would be withdrawn from the South.
D) It restored slavery.
E) It recognized the rights of states to secede.

Question 49

What was the most significant enduring legacy of Reconstruction?

A) the creation of true social equality in the South
B) the eradication of southern black poverty
C) the passage of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments
D) the redistribution of wealth in the South
E) the eradication of sectional differences

Question 50

The Liberal Republicans :

A) supported Grant
B) were controlled by Grant
C) backed Radical Reconstruction
D) were a faction of southern ex-Whigs
E) opposed Grant

Question 51

What happened after the end of Reconstruction?

A) The freedmen remained a powerful force in southern politics.
B) Women filled the power vacuum that Reconstruction had created.
C) The South embarked on a path toward rapid industrial development.
D) The protections of black civil rights crumbled under the pressure of restored white rule and unfavorable Supreme Court decisions.
E) The majority of blacks migrated out of the South.

Question 52

The Compromise of 1877:

A) gave the White House to Tilden
B) ended the North-South division
C) protected the civil rights of ex-slaves
D) ended Reconstruction
E) kept federal troops in the Deep South

Question 53

When the votes were first counted in the 1876 presidential election:

A) no candidate had an Electoral College majority
B) Hayes led Tilden in popular votes
C) it was clear that a clean election had occurred
D) the Democrats immediately conceded defeat
E) the Supreme Court ordered a new election

Question 54

Why didn't President Grant seek a third term in 1876?

A) He was restricted by the Constitution to two terms.
B) His wife did not want him to run again.
C) He felt he was too old.
D) In 1875, he acknowledged that many Republicans had lost confidence in his leadership.
E) His alcoholism was revealed to the public.

Question 55

The primary objective of the Ku Klux Klan was:

A) national unity
B) upholding southern honor
C) starting a new civil war
D) oppressing blacks and white Republicans
E) raising money for Confederate widows

Question 56

All of the following are reasons why Republicans lost control in the South EXCEPT:

A) electoral fraud
B) white supremacist violence
C) the Panic of 1873
D) the growing weakness of Grant's administration
E) black voters switched to support the Democrats

Question 57

"Hard-money" advocates argued that government war bonds should be:

A) paid off in gold
B) paid off in copper
C) paid off in greenbacks
D) canceled
E) handed out to Union veterans

Question 58

The Radical state governments in the South did all the following EXCEPT:

A) construct railroads
B) cut taxes
C) establish public schools
D) build roads and bridges
E) provide opportunities for ex-slaves

Question 59

Ulysses S. Grant:

A) was elected president in 1868 despite the heavily black Democratic vote
B) brought confidence and honesty to a national government torn by Reconstruction
C) brought little political experience and judgment to the presidency
D) pushed for civil service reform throughout his presidency
E) was nominated by both major parties in the 1868 election

Question 60

On what issue did the Democratic and Republican presidential candidates largely agree during the 1876 campaign?

A) keeping federal troops stationed in the South
B) allowing states the right to secede
C) protecting black civil rights as a top priority
D) relaxing federal authority in the South
E) supporting universal female suffrage

Question 61

What were the major problems facing the nation in April 1865? What factors stood in the way of a solution to those problems?

Question 62

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Edmund G. Ross

A)was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 63

What were the major economic issues between 1868 and 1876?

Question 64

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Samuel J. Tilden

A)was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 65

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Hiram Revels

A)was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 66

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Andrew Johnson

A)was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 67

Discuss the nature of intransigence in the South after the Civil War. How did this intransigence affect moderate Republicans in Congress?

Question 68

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Pinckney Pinchback

A)was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 69

Explain the Fourteenth Amendment and how it was received throughout the country.

Question 70

Describe the plans for Reconstruction offered by Abraham Lincoln, Andrew Johnson, and Congress. What was the goal of each plan? How did each plan propose to accomplish its goal?

Question 71

Describe the development in the North as a result of the Civil War. What effect did the absence of southern members of Congress have on the economic agenda of northern Republicans?

Question 72

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Susan B. Anthony

A)was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 73

How was the contested election of 1876 decided? Describe the political, racial, and sectional effects of the decision.

Question 74

Describe the reign of white terror during Reconstruction and how Congress reacted to the violence.

Question 75

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Charles Sumner

A)was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 76

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Edwin M. Stanton

A)was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 77

What problems did blacks in the South face after emancipation? What attempts did the government make to solve these problems?

Question 78

Discuss the impeachment of President Johnson. What was the basis of the charges, and how did the impeachment end?

Question 79

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Horace Greeley

A)was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar

Question 80

MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
Alexander Stephens

A)was a northern free black and Union soldier who was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)was a senator from Massachusetts, a leading Radical Republican
C)asked that the Fifteenth Amendment be modified to include women
D)was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
E)was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
F)was a senator from Kansas who cast the deciding vote in favor of acquittal at Johnson's trial
G)was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
H)opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
I)was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S. Senate representing Georgia in 1865
J)his would-be assassin got cold feet and wound up tipsy in the hotel bar