Deck 1: Introduction to Digital Radiography and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems

Question 1

Technologist efficiency ratings are generally the same when comparing conventional radiography with ______ radiography.

A) computed
B) digital

Answer 1

computed

Question 2

Teleradiology,moving images via telephone lines to and from remote locations,was first conceptualized by

A) Paul Lauterbur.
B) M.Paul Capp.
C) Albert Jutras.
D) Sol Nudelman.

Answer 2

Albert Jutras.

Question 3

Intensifying screens

A) absorb light.
B) emit light.
C) absorb scatter.
D) emit positive electrons.

Answer 3

emit light.

Question 4

In a DR system,which of the following are needed to produce a radiographic image?

A) X-ray absorber and a CCD
B) Intensifying screen and a TFT
C) Storage phosphor plate and a CCD
D) Storage phosphor plate and a TFT

Question 5

Early reconstruction of raw CT data took a few ______ to form a recognizable image.

A) minutes
B) hours
C) days

Question 6

Who was the first to incorporate digital imaging with the CT scanner?

A) Paul Lauterbur
B) Godfrey Hounsfield
C) Sol Nudelman
D) M.Paul Capp

Question 7

Which modality was the first to use the principle of digital imaging?

A) Computed tomography (CT)
B) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C) Ultrasonography
D) Cardiac catheterization

Question 8

In which decade was MRI first introduced?

A) 1950s
B) 1960s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

Question 9

Film and intensifying screens are primarily used in

A) computed radiography (CR).
B) digital radiography (DR).
C) conventional radiography.
D) picture archival and communication systems.

Question 10

Teleradiography incorporated ______ to produce radiographic images.

A) satellite feeds
B) cable lines
C) T1 cables
D) telephone lines

Question 11

One of the early goals related to the development of PACS was to

A) reduce costs related to overstaffing.
B) allow radiologists to read stat films from a hospital while at home.
C) provide a means to move battlefield images to an established hospital.
D) eliminate the need for chemical processing.

Question 12

The two elements needed to convert light signals into an electrical signal while using indirect capture DR are TFT and

A) photodiodes.
B) photoconductors.
C) phototransistors.
D) photostators.

Question 13

Which two modalities could easily be converted to digital imaging properties?

A) CT and ultrasonography
B) CT and MRI
C) Ultrasonography and nuclear medicine
D) Nuclear medicine and CT

Question 14

The first commercial CT scanners could image the

A) abdomen only.
B) head only.
C) head and abdomen.
D) total body.

Question 15

CR acquires an image through

A) conventional film/screen processing using a digital scanner.
B) the heating of a thermoluminescent device.
C) an electrically charged cassette.
D) the use of a storage phosphor plate.

Question 16

Storage phosphor plates are similar to

A) intensifying screens.
B) xeromammography cassettes.
C) flat panel detectors.
D) cardboard cassettes.

Question 17

The invention of CT is heralded as

A) the advanced use of three-dimensional computation in medical imaging.
B) one of the greatest milestones in medical imaging.
C) the stepping stone for the development of MRI.
D) the first modality to use PACS.

Question 18

The x-ray absorber typically used in direct capture DR is a

A) photodiode.
B) phototransistor.
C) photoconductor.
D) photoelectron.

Question 19

Compared with a 90-second processing time found in conventional radiography,image acquisition with DR has now been reduced to

A) instantaneous acquisition.
B) 1-2 seconds.
C) 3-5 seconds.
D) 6-8 seconds.

Question 20

Early picture archival and communication systems were first developed

A) in Canada.
B) by the U.S.military.
C) by Albert Jutras.
D) by NASA.

Question 21

With conventional radiography,optical density is primarily controlled by

A) kilovoltage.
B) milliamperage.
C) line voltage.
D) milliampere-seconds.

Question 22

X-ray energy related to direct capture DR will stimulate a ______,which eventually is changed into an electrical signal.

A) photodensitometer
B) scintillator
C) TFT array
D) charge-coupled device

Question 23

Preset image annotation controls include all of the following except

A) arrows.
B) position indicators.
C) date and time stamps.
D) image acquisition markers.

Question 24

The first full-scale PACS was installed in 1993 in

A) Boston.
B) Philadelphia.
C) New York.
D) Baltimore.

Question 25

Similar to CR,DR can use the existing diagnostic equipment found in today's imaging departments.

Question 26

Many PACS reading stations also have image-processing capabilities.

Question 27

A look-up table maps

A) latent images.
B) subject contrasts.
C) image grayscale values.
D) optical density.

Question 28

The earliest CT of the head took several hours to acquire a single slice of information.

Question 29

Light exposing the film is in direct proportion to the amount and energy of the incident photon upon the screen.

Question 30

All of the following are components of a PACS except

A) independent kilovoltage peak and milliampere-second stations.
B) web access.
C) multiple interfaces.
D) reading stations.

Question 31

In reference to PSP image capture,to release the latent image,which of the following devices is scanned over the phosphor plate?

A) Photomultiplier tube
B) Fluorescent light
C) Focused laser light
D) Lithium crystal

Question 32

Indirect capture DR converts absorbed x-ray energy into visible light.

Question 33

DICOM is a standard that allows imaging modalities and PACS to communicate in the same language.

Question 34

A Bucky apparatus is required for DR.

Question 35

The ______ converts x-ray energy directly to a digital electrical signal.

A) photoconductor
B) photomultiplier
C) scintillator
D) TLD

Question 36

Exposure latitude is to conventional radiography as _______ is to DR.

A) characteristic response
B) linear manner
C) subject contrast
D) dynamic range

Question 37

When switching from a conventional diagnostic radiography room to one that incorporates CR,major equipment changes are to be expected.

Question 38

Which of the following best describes the sequence for PSP image capture?

A) Phosphor plate,focused laser light scanner,photomultiplier,digital-analog converter,review station
B) Phosphor plate,focused laser light scanner,photodensitometer,digital-analog converter,review station
C) Phosphor plate,focused laser light scanner,photodensitometer,analog-digital converter,review station
D) Phosphor plate,focused laser light scanner,photomultiplier,analog-digital converter,review station

Question 39

The active element in a storage phosphor is

A) lithium.
B) glutaraldehyde.
C) europium.
D) barium fluorohalide.