Deck 6: Etruscan and Roman Art

Question 1

The Pont du Gard , part of an aqueduct in southern France, demonstrates the use of which common Roman building structure?

A) the round arch
B) the vault
C) the bridge
D) the buttress

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Roman home generally consisted of small rooms arranged around one or two open courts called the __________ and the __________.

A) atrium; peristyle
B) narthex; atrium
C) peristyle; garden
D) narthex; conundrum

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Although the temple (perhaps dedicated to Portunus) resembles a Greek temple, the decorative use of __________is a distinctly Roman feature.

A) the Ionic order
B) engaged columns
C) a podium
D) a continuous freize on the entablature

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The Ara Pacis Augustae commemorates the triumphal return of __________ following the establishment of Roman rule in Gaul and Hispania.

A) Caesar
B) Hadrian
C) Cassias
D) Augustus

Question 5

The study of what part of Roman homes had been neglected until 1973?

A) the kitchen, bedroom, and other "female" spaces
B) the wall paintings
C) the gardens
D) the exterior facade

Question 6

What architectural feature(s) of the Pantheon could NOT be seen by ancient Romans as they approached the temple entrance?

A) the podium and stairs
B) the pediment and entablature
C) the rotunda and dome
D) the columns of the portico

Question 7

Relief carvings on the Arch of Constantine demonstrate a stylistic shift in art of the fourth century that was characterized by _____________.

A) fewer recognizable details
B) a two-dimensional, hierarchical approach to representation
C) closer adherence to Etruscan artistic traditions
D) Active, graceful postures influenced by Hellenistic art

Question 8

Roman artists created beautiful mosaic panels called __________ in their workshops and then installed them in the desired location.

A) frescoes
B) emblemata
C) tondos
D) rotundas

Question 9

The Flavian Amphitheater is also known as the "Colosseum" because of __________.

A) the statue of Nero that stood next to it
B) its imposing size
C) its function as a public entertainment site
D) the muscular physique of Roman gladiators

Question 10

How are the Ara Pacis Augustae and the Column of Trajan similar?

A) both record a military event
B) both include realistic, anecdotal details
C) both were built as imperial tombs
D) all of the above

Question 11

The soaring groin and barrel vaults made possible what essential feature of the Baths of Caracalla ?

A) water reservoirs
B) furnaces
C) large windows
D) steam conduits

Question 12

What was the function of the colossal statue of Constantine the Great ?

A) It stood outside the Flavian Amphitheater.
B) It served as a permanent stand-in for the emperor.
C) It was an object of worship located in the apse of the Basilica Nova.
D) It helped structurally support the roof of the Basilica Nova.

Question 13

According to the text, how did Augustus use his government to facilitate the Empire's development and administration?

A) He convinced the people that he was a god.
B) He implemented martial law.
C) He revived an interest in Greek Classical ideals.
D) He initiated massive building projects to improve city life.

Question 14

The Porta Augusta is architecturally significant for its use of ___________, which anticipates Roman building practices.

A) a square frame
B) roundels
C) a barrel vault
D) pilasters

Question 15

Which feature of Etruscan temples most resembled temples built in Greece?

A) the stairs leading into the temple
B) the columns and entablature
C) the building materials
D) the placement of sculptural decoration

Question 16

The Etruscans often decorated their tombs to resemble_____________.

A) royal palaces
B) rooms in their homes
C) outdoor environments
D) Greek temples

Question 17

Changes in Roman burial practice in the second and third centuries led to commissions of elaborately decorated _______.

A) tombs
B) textiles
C) sarcophagi
D) crematory urns

Question 18

The simple design and imposing scale of the Basilica at Trier (formerly known as the Audience Hall of Constantius Chlorus) reflects which period of Roman history?

A) the Republic
B) the Pax Romana
C) Trajanic rule
D) the Tetrarchy

Question 19

Characterized by ____________, portraits of the Emperor Caracalla reflect the changing character of Imperial rule.

A) his jovial and relaxed appearance
B) his intense, fierce expression
C) idealized youthful features
D) a radical hard style of geometricized abstraction

Question 20

Housing in a Roman city was made up of apartment blocks called __________.

A) compartments
B) segments
C) insulae
D) burrows.

Question 21

The children depicted in the sculptural decoration of the Ara Pacis Augustae serve as__________________.

A) evidence of Augustus's line of imperial heirs
B) examples of the Roman love of realistic detail in art
C) reminders to the people of the importance of family
D) all of the above

Question 22

The Romans' tradition of realistic portrait sculpture probably derives from their_____________.

A) desire to revive Greek Classical ideals
B) veneration of deceased ancestors
C) concerns about the afterlife
D) use of art as political propaganda

Question 23

Which feature is NOT characteristic of Etruscan depictions of human figures?

A) realistic detail
B) animated gestures
C) intimacy between figures
D) serene detachment

Question 24

The dramatic action of the Gemma Augustea reflects the influence of ___________art.

A) Egyptian
B) Etruscan
C) Classical Greek
D) Hellenistic

Question 25

Romans relied primarily on building materials that were ____________.

A) durable and easily worked
B) imported from their colonies
C) expensive and visually pleasing
D) all of the above

Question 26

Gardens in Roman houses included all of the following EXCEPT _________.

A) fruit-bearing trees
B) fountains and pools
C) portrait busts of ancestors
D) topiary work

Question 27

How does the Augustus of Primaporta differ from Greek Classical sculpture?

A) the figure's proportions
B) the figure's youthful appearance
C) the figure's identifiable facial features
D) none of the above

Question 28

The Etruscan's production of large-scale sculpture using ________ demonstrates exceptional technical skills.

A) marble
B) terra-cotta
C) limestone
D) stucco

Question 29

Artists used ____________to create a colorful dado below the images decorating interior walls of the House of the Vetii .

A) illusionistic painting
B) stone veneer
C) marble inlay
D) painted stucco

Question 30

What motif commonly appears in Etruscan tomb painting?

A) Scenes of festive leisure activities
B) Scenes of the last judgment
C) Images of the deceased making offerings
D) Scenes of ritual initiation

Question 31

The decoration of Etruscan tombs suggests a _________ attitude towards death and the afterlife.

A) fearful
B) celebratory
C) somber
D) mournful

Question 32

The composition of The Tetrarchs conveys Rome's political situation in the late Empire by suggesting __________among the leaders.

A) political division
B) imperial unity
C) familial connections
D) military experience

Question 33

Scholars believe that the elaborate murals at the Villa of the Mysteries depict__________.

A) an accurate representation of the city of Pompeii
B) portraits of the inhabitants as various stages of their lives
C) initiation rites for the cult of Baachus
D) none of the above

Question 34

Which metalworking technique was used to decorate bronze Etruscan cistae?

A) painting
B) engraving
C) repousse
D) niello

Question 35

In 313 CE, Constantine issued the __________, which was a model of religious tolerance.

A) Edict of Constantinople
B) Verdict of Rome
C) Treaty of Ravenna
D) Edict of Milan

Question 36

The Baths of Caracalla are laid out on a __________plan.

A) symmetrical
B) asymmetrical
C) octagonal
D) hexagonal

Question 37

An artistic ideal emerged in Roman portraiture during the Republican period that emphasized_____________.

A) features showing the subject's athleticism
B) physical perfection
C) full, slightly overweight figures
D) distinguishing features and the effects of aging

Question 38

In contrast to Greek architectural sculpture, Etruscans decorated the ____________ of their temples.

A) porch
B) pediment
C) roof
D) side walls

Question 39

The Augustus of Primaporta adapted the pose of a __________ by melding it to the Polykleitos's Spearbearer.

A) general
B) parician
C) Roman orator
D) slave

Question 40

While art under Augustus commemorated historical events, its combination of idealistic form with realistic details also served a primary role ____________.

A) to educate the illiterate
B) as imperial propaganda
C) to beautify the city
D) to intimidate visitors to Rome

Question 41

Roman Republican portraiture is associated with the notion of ________, a meticulously faithful representation of the subject's appearance.

A) stylization
B) verism
C) idealism
D) abstraction

Question 42

The _____________ of the Augustus of Primaporta alludes to the descent of the Julians from Venus.

A) cupid
B) cuirass
C) youthful appearance
D) pose

Question 43

The paintings in House of the Vetii ________________.

A) depict a continuous narrative around the entire room
B) resemble framed pictures hung on the wall
C) exemplify the Roman tradition of still life painting
D) are unusual since most homes relied on mosaics for decoration

Question 44

The Ara Pacis Augustae contains a wide molding with a Greek key pattern called a(n) __________.

A) Glykera
B) meander
C) composite
D) bead and reel

Question 45

The variation of the Doric order with an unfluted shaft and simplified base, capital, and entablature is called the __________ order.

A) Dado
B) Corinthian
C) Composite
D) Tuscan

Question 46

Which of the following was NOT included in the Imperial Forum begun by the Emperor Trajan?

A) a public market comparable in size to a modern shopping mall
B) a triumphal arch commemorating Trajan's victorious military campaigns
C) a library housing the emperor's collection of manuscripts
D) an administrative center including law courts and army drill halls

Question 47

The Etruscans built their homes around a(n) __________ or a central courtyard.

A) fauces
B) cubiculum
C) atrium
D) basilica

Question 48

Etruscan temples were built on a(n) __________ or platform.

A) tholos
B) podium
C) canopus
D) triclinium

Question 49

Which of the Flavian Amphitheater's architectural elements serves no structural purpose?

A) the engaged columns and entablature of the outer wall
B) the arcade of the outer wall
C) the interior groin vaults
D) all of the above

Question 50

__________ is a slow-drying type of plaster that can be both carved and molded.

A) Pozzolana
B) Concrete
C) Stucco
D) Terracotta

Question 51

____________ proposed a schematic method of organizing Pompeian wall paintings.

A) Pliny the Elder
B) Anna Maria Carruba
C) Wilhelmna Jashemski
D) August Mau

Question 52

In comparison to Greek women, Roman women were ___________.

A) treated like slaves
B) more restricted
C) not allowed to own property
D) far freer

Question 53

The architect __________ described the accomplishments of the Roman builders in his Ten Books of Architecture.

A) Pausanias
B) Apollodorus
C) Pliny
D) Vitruvius

Question 54

In approximately 1000 BCE, a group of people called the __________ occupied the northern and western regions of what was to become known as the Italian peninsula.

A) Villanovans
B) Pompeians
C) Samnites
D) Dacians

Question 55

The imperial portraits Augustus of Primaporta and the Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius share what detail?

A) the sculptural material
B) the imperial costume
C) the symbols of their divine ancestry
D) the arm gesture

Question 56

In the first century BCE, the innovative use of __________ in architecture was considered to be a technological breakthrough.

A) terracotta
B) stucco
C) concrete
D) tufa

Question 57

In the year __________, the Romans overtook the Etruscans, forming a republic centered in Rome.

A) 27 BCE
B) 509 BCE
C) 146 BCE
D) 275 BCE

Question 58

The biggest problem with concrete is _____________.

A) it is expensive
B) it requires highly skilled workers
C) it deteriorates if exposed to water
D) it is difficult to transport

Question 59

Artists decorating the Villa at Boscoreale used ___________to create a general impression of real space beyond the wall.

A) mosaic
B) drillwork
C) intuitive perspective
D) fresco

Question 60

What distinctly Roman structure served as both commemorative sculpture and an architectural gateway for parades?

A) the groin vault
B) the arcade
C) the triumphal arch
D) the basilica

Question 61

The hair of Young Flavian Woman , demonstrates Roman artists' skillful__________, a technique for rapidly cutting deep grooves with straight sides.

A) engraving
B) drillwork
C) modeling
D) inlay

Question 62

In the Initiation Rites of the Cult of Baachus (?) at the Villa of the Mysteries , the figural scenes take place _________________.

A) against a monochromatic background
B) in a distant landscape
C) on a shallow stage
D) before a proscenium

Question 63

How were Etruscan tomb chambers decorated?

Question 64

The last important imperial government building erected in Rome was the __________.

A) Temple of Portunus
B) Basilica Nova/Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine
C) Basilica Ulpia
D) Trajan's Forum

Question 65

The Equestrian Statue of Marcus Aurelius was mistakenly revered as __________ for many centuries.

A) Caracalla
B) Hadrian
C) Trajan
D) Constantine

Question 66

At Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli, ____________ was a long reflecting pool framed by a colonnade.

A) The Pantheon
B) The Triclinium
C) The Canal
D) The Main Hall

Question 67

________________ proves that artists working for Christian patrons continued to use pagan themes.

A) A large silver platter
B) A denarius of Caesar
C) Commodus as Hercules
D) The Unswept Floor

Question 68

How did the Etruscans lay out their cities?

Question 69

What was the legend of Romulus and Remus?

Question 70

What were the origins of the Etruscans?

Question 71

Anna Maria Carruba challenged the Etruscan origins of the Capitoline She-Wolf based on its ______________.

A) technique
B) find site
C) stylized fur
D) material

Question 72

What made the Apollo from the Temple of Minerva at Veii such an artistic achievement?

Question 73

How and when did the Romans form a republic centered in Rome?

Question 74

The Flavian Amphitheater was started under the emperor__________.

A) Vespasian
B) Commodus
C) Augustus
D) Constantine

Question 75

Trajan chose ______________, who was an experienced military engineer, as the architect of his forum.

A) Euphronios
B) Novios Plautios
C) Apollodorus of Damascus
D) Pausanias

Question 76

On the Column of Trajan, the emperor appears as ________________

A) a merciless soldier
B) a stable and efficient commander
C) a prince
D) a marauder

Question 77

The artist of the Garden Vista at the Villa of Livia used __________ to make the distance less distinct.

A) architectural vistas
B) monochromatic backgrounds
C) intuitive perspective
D) atmospheric perspective

Question 78

The Arch of Constantine commemorates Constantine's victory over __________.

A) Nero
B) Galerius
C) Maxentius
D) Diocletain

Question 79

Why is it difficult to distinguish between early Roman and Etruscan art?

Question 80

What is Virgil's legend of the founding of Rome?