Deck 8: Cellular Respiration

Question 1

The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis produce ________ ATP from each NADH and ________ ATP from each FADH₂ entering the system.

A)4; 2
B)3; 2
C)2; 4
D)2; 3

Answer 1

B

Question 2

During glycolysis ________ carbons will enter the pathway and ________ carbons will leave in the form of pyruvates.

A)6; 6
B)6; 3
C)3; 6
D)12; 6
E)oxaloacetate

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The majority of the carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in

A)glycolysis.
B)the electron transport system.
C)lactate fermentation.
D)the citric acid cycle.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Glycolysis occurs before fermentation.

Question 5

One turn of the citric acid cycle produces

A)2 NADH,FADH₂,and 2 ATP.
B)3 NADH,1 FADH₂,and 1 ATP.
C)1 NADH,3 FADH₂,and 2 ATP.
D)3 NADH,2 FADH₂,and 1 ATP.
E)3 NADH,1 FADH₂,and 2 ATP.

Question 6

The preparatory reaction converts

A)glucose into pyruvates.
B)pyruvates into glucose.
C)pyruvates into acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide.
D)pyruvates into acetyl CoA and water.
E)acetyl CoA into pyruvates and carbon dioxide.

Question 7

Glycolysis occurs before the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle.

Question 8

The first phase of cellular respiration is

A)the citric acid cycle.
B)glycolysis.
C)the electron transport system.
D)fermentation.
E)the preparatory reaction.

Question 9

Glycolysis is a catabolic process.

Question 10

Glycolysis will yield a net of 2 ATP only during aerobic respiration.

Question 11

Glycolysis produces 1 pyruvate and 3 NADH coenzymes.

Question 12

Degradative reactions

A)cause death.
B)can drive anabolic reactions.
C)tend to be endergonic.
D)include the buildup of products such as complex proteins and nucleic acids.
E)All of the choices are true.

Question 13

Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water?

A)the citric acid cycle
B)glycolysis
C)the electron transport system
D)fermentation
E)the preparatory reaction

Question 14

Acetyl CoA is produced from

A)pyruvate and CoA.
B)citric acid and CoA.
C)ATP and pyruvate.
D)CO₂ and pyruvate.
E)citric acid and CO₂.

Question 15

Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in ________ ATP molecules.

A)2
B)4
C)32
D)36
E)39

Question 16

Aerobic cellular respiration yields about ________ of the energy of glucose in ATP molecules.

A)2%
B)15%
C)28%
D)39%

Question 17

The first reaction in the citric acid cycle binds which of the following molecules together?

A)carbon dioxide to a four-carbon (C₄)molecule.
B)carbon dioxide to a five-carbon (C₅)molecule.
C)acetyl CoA to a C₅ molecule.
D)acetyl CoA to a C₄ molecule.

Question 18

Which of these processes occurs in the cytosol?

A)the citric acid cycle
B)glycolysis
C)the electron transport system
D)the preparatory reaction

Question 19

Which process produces both NADH and FADH₂?

A)the citric acid cycle
B)glycolysis
C)the electron transport system
D)fermentation
E)the preparatory reaction

Question 20

Which process produces alcohol or lactate?

A)the citric acid cycle
B)glycolysis
C)the electron transport system
D)fermentation
E)the preparatory reaction

Question 21

Adult humans cannot synthesize ________ out of the ________ common amino acids.

A)eleven; twenty
B)nine; eleven
C)nine; twenty
D)any; twenty
E)half; all

Question 22

The most important contribution of the citric acid cycle to cellular respiration is

A)production of large quantities of ATP.
B)creation of proton gradients.
C)reduction of glucose and corresponding oxidation of carbon dioxide.
D)oxidation of metabolite molecules and the corresponding reduction of coenzymes.
E)release of CO_2.

Question 23

The correct sequence for aerobic metabolic breakdown of glucose is

A)glycolysis-preparatory reaction-citric acid cycle-electron transport system.
B)preparatory reaction-glycolysis-electron transport-citric acid cycle.
C)electron transport system-citric acid cycle-preparatory reaction-glycolysis.
D)None of the choices are correct.

Question 24

Aerobic respiration involves oxidation - reduction and the movement of electrons from one molecule to another.Study the figure to identify A and B as either oxidation or reduction.

Question 25

Identify "A."

A)grana
B)matrix
C)cristae
D)intermembrane space
E)outer membrane

Question 26

Identify "E."

A)inner membrane
B)matrix
C)cristae
D)intermembrane space
E)outer membrane

Question 27

Why is it beneficial for pyruvate to be reduced via fermentation when oxygen is not available?

A)The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction.
B)The fermentation reaction regenerates NAD+,which is required for the first step in the energy-harvesting phase of glycolysis.
C)Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP.
D)All of the choices are advantages.
E)None of the choices is an advantage.

Question 28

Compared with other components found in a plant cell such as the cell membrane,the chloroplasts or the nucleus,the mitochondria would be the only one that would

A)form an electrochemical gradient across a membrane.
B)use significant amounts of oxygen to produce ATP.
C)use a chemiosmotic complex to produce ATP.
D)produce ATP via glycolysis.
E)release protons (H⁺).

Question 29

The amino acids we cannot synthesize are called ________ because we ________.

A)unnecessary; therefore,do not need them
B)limiting; must include them in our diet
C)anabolic; must use alternative amino acids
D)essential; must include them in our diet
E)superfluous; must survive without them

Question 30

Some desert beetles can live without ever drinking liquid water.They survive on "metabolic water," which

A)is water obtained from eating other organisms.
B)is water absorbed directly from the atmosphere.
C)is water formed during the electron transport chain.
D)is water formed during glycolysis.
E)is water that was stored in the beetle's tissue during its larval stage.

Question 31

Identify "C."

A)inner membrane
B)matrix
C)cristae
D)intermembrane space
E)outer membrane

Question 32

The final electron acceptor in glycolysis is oxygen and this step will occur within the matrix of the mitochondria.

Question 33

Normally our body will run aerobic respiration in order to produce the required amount of ATP to sustain life.When we run out of oxygen we will shift over to anaerobic respiration.What is the value of anaerobic respiration to our system?

Question 34

What would happen to the process in this figure if oxygen was not available?

Question 35

Identify "B."

A)inner membrane
B)matrix
C)cristae
D)intermembrane space
E)outer membrane

Question 36

The membrane protein _____ will catalyze the reaction ADP + P $$\rightarrow$$ ATP as H⁺ flow down a gradient from the intermembrane space into the matrix.

A)the sodium-potassium pump
B)ATP synthase
C)cholesterol
D)NADH-Q reductase

Question 37

Identify "D."

A)inner membrane
B)matrix
C)cristae
D)intermembrane space
E)outer membrane

Question 38

Some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes.Some bacteria,however,are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen.If given the choice of using oxygen or not,which pathway should a facultative anaerobe perform?

A)Use oxygen since aerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate than anaerobic metabolism.
B)Avoid using oxygen since anaerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate than aerobic metabolism.
C)It doesn't matter; both processes will produce the same results.

Question 39

For fatty acids to enter the citric acid cycle of aerobic respiration,the fatty acids must be

A)deaminated.
B)combined with glycerol.
C)combined with ATP.
D)converted to acetyl groups.
E)converted into five-carbon sugars.

Question 40

Study the figure to match the substrates with the corresponding pathway.

A)A is glycerol; B is amino acids; C is glucose; D is fatty acids
B)A is glucose; B is fatty acids; C is glycerol; D is amino acids
C)A is amino acids; B is fatty acids; C is glucose; D is glycerol
D)A is amino acids; B is glucose; C is glycerol; D is fatty acids

Question 41

Chloroplasts are capable of performing photosynthesis which is the most common anabolic process on the planet.

Question 42

Which of the following coenzymes will accept two electrons and two hydrogen ions during the oxidation of glucose?

A)FAD
B)NAD⁺
C)FADH
D)NADH

Question 43

What is the correct summary for the energy investment vs.energy harvesting steps of glycolysis?

A)2 ATP are invested and 4 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.
B)4 ATP are invested and 6 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.
C)No ATP are invested and 2 ATP are harvested to produce a net gain of 2 ATP.
D)2 ATP are invested and no ATP are harvested to produce a net loss of 2 ATP.

Question 44

Fermentation follows glycolysis in some cells when oxygen is not available.

Question 45

The breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration is a catabolic reaction.

Question 46

Which statement is correct about the input and output of carbon during glycolysis?

A)There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose)and an output of 6 carbons (2 pyruvates).
B)There is an input of 6 carbons (2 pyruvates)and an output of 6 carbons (1 glucose).
C)There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose)and an output of 6 carbons (6 CO₂).
D)There is an input of 6 carbons (glucose)and an output of 3 carbons (pyruvate).

Question 47

During the preparatory reaction of aerobic respiration what happens to the carbon molecules?

A)The carbon molecules are broken down from a 3-carbon to a 2-carbon acetyl group and a 1-carbon CO₂ is released.
B)The carbon molecules are broken down from a 4-carbon to a 3-carbon acetyl group and a 2-carbon CO₂ is released.
C)The carbon molecules are converted from a 2-carbon to a 3-carbon acetyl group and a 1-carbon CO₂ is consumed.
D)The carbon molecules are broken down from a 3-carbon to a 1-carbon acetyl group and two 1-carbon CO₂ are released.

Question 48

Fermentation is the process that produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that makes bread dough rise.

Question 49

Each molecule of NADH produced in the mitochondria provides enough energy to form two ATP molecules.