Deck 17: Gothic Art of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries

Question 1

The Royal Portal at the Church of Notre Dame at Chartres gets its name from ___________.

A) its function as the ceremonial entrance for church officials
B) its function as the king's private entrance
C) the column statues depicting members of the French royal family
D) the column statues depicting Biblical kings, queens, and prophets

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Some scholars suggest a relationship between the geometric order underlying Gothic cathedrals and scholasticism, an intellectual system of thought that attempted to reconcile Christian theology with _____________.

A) mathematical principles
B) engineering practices of Egypt and the Ancient Near East
C) Classical philosophy
D) socio-economic concerns

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The oldest functioning synagogue in Europe is __________.

A) Altneuschul
B) Bien Shalom
C) Ashweitz
D) Contrite

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In 1194, a fire destroyed most of the Church of __________, but spared the Royal Portal, its windows and the crypt.

A) Chartres
B) Reims
C) Notre Dame
D) Salisbury

Question 5

In the Gothic period, Thomas Aquinas made __________ the intellectual center of Europe.

A) Rome
B) Milan
C) Paris
D) London

Question 6

Architects in Germany developed the__________ church, characterized by a nave and side aisle whose vaults all reach the same height.

A) clerestory
B) destiny
C) hall
D) fortified

Question 7

To support its vault, the Cathedral of Notre-Dame at Chartres adopted the recently developed _________________.

A) triforium
B) flying buttresses
C) ribbed vault
D) lancet

Question 8

What did Abbot Suger adopt from his reading of religious texts by the Pseudo-Dionysius, for the redesign of the Abbey Church at Saint-Denis?

A) the concept of luminosity
B) to create a structure that "could reach the gates of heaven"
C) to accommodate more pilgrims
D) all of the above

Question 9

The first true Gothic hall church was the Church of __________ of Hungary in Marburg.

A) Saint Foy
B) Saint Dame
C) Saint Clare
D) Saint Elizabeth

Question 10

What architectural element of the choir at the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis was introduced at the time of Abbot Suger's redesign?

A) the ambulatory surrounding the apse
B) the radiating chapels
C) the ribbed groin vaults and external buttresses
D) non-load-bearing walls filled with stained glass

Question 11

In its day, art of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries was called the _______________, but Giorgio Vasari, an artist and art historian of the sixteenth century, coined the term "Gothic" as a pejorative reference to its rejection of the classical principles that regained popularity in the Renaissance.

A) French style
B) International style
C) Church style
D) Denisian style

Question 12

Why did the building of Gothic cathedrals frequently inspire public outrage and riots?

A) burden of new taxes
B) concern over unsafe working conditions for masons
C) corruption among church officials managing building funds
D) public displeasure with the Church's close ties to the monarchy

Question 13

What was the primary form of monumental painting during the Gothic period?

A) frescoes
B) mosaics
C) stained glass
D) manuscript illumination

Question 14

The city of __________ was a major center of book production in the Gothic period.

A) London
B) Paris
C) Rome
D) Florence

Question 15

What historical condition did NOT impact the rise of Gothic architecture?

A) the growth of urban centers
B) the emergence of the French monarchy
C) the Norman conquest
D) advances in architectural technology

Question 16

The thirteenth-century cathedral in __________ is an excellent example of the English interpretation of the Gothic style.

A) Reims
B) Chartres
C) Amiens
D) Salisbury

Question 17

Holes cut in the stone of the wall and filled with stained glass are called __________.

A) mosaic inlay
B) concept glass
C) plate tracery
D) track tracery

Question 18

Chartres received revenue not only from pilgrims but also from _________ that were held on the feast days of the Virgin.

A) royal processions
B) mystery plays
C) cloth markets
D) jousting competitions

Question 19

The Parisian style during the reign of Louis IX is called the ________________.

A) Court style
B) Perpendicular style
C) Norman style
D) Devotional style

Question 20

Gothic cathedrals differ from those built in the Romanesque period in their _______________.

A) use of massive support walls
B) shift toward more open, light-filled spaces
C) role as centers of community life
D) association with royal patrons

Question 21

A popular manuscript format was the ____________, which paired selected scriptural passages with allegorical or moralized interpretations, using pictures and words to convey the message.

A) Psalter
B) Gospels
C) Moralized Bible
D) Biography

Question 22

__________, or notches were added to the tops of towers in order to provide stone shields for more effective defense.

A) Crenellations
B) Crossing
C) Transept
D) Jambs

Question 23

The large-scale single figures in the lancets of the north transept at Chartres refer to the ______________.

A) royal patronage of the cathedral's stained glass
B) royal ancestry of Jesus, Mary and the Church
C) the zodiac
D) scenes from the Virgin's life

Question 24

In stained glass, pieces of glass are joined together with narrow lead strips called ________.

A) grozing
B) jambs
C) cames
D) bar tracery

Question 25

The design of stacked medallions used for the layout of the Moralized Bible illustrated in the text derives from _______________, but is distinguished by its combination of words with pictures.

A) ancient Roman texts
B) stained-glass lancets
C) the sculpted decoration on archivolts and jambs
D) metalworking practice for reliquaries

Question 26

Windows along the aisles and chapels at Chartres Cathedral included multi-scene narratives, characterized by _________________.

A) boldly colored, iconic figures easily seen from a distance
B) complex learned allegories on sin and salvation
C) simplified stories intended for an illiterate audience
D) stocky, folksy figures

Question 27

A typical feature of Gothic narrative painting was to depict events from the past in _____________settings.

A) ancient
B) contemporary
C) landscape
D) otherworldly

Question 28

What quality of painted crucifixes, such as the one attributed to Coppo di Marcovaldo , would make them popular in churches of the Italian mendicants?

A) the painting style in the "Greek manner"
B) they encouraged an emotional and empathetic response among viewers
C) their iconic format
D) the stylized representation of Christ's body

Question 29

The period from 1150 CE -1400 CE is known as the "Age of __________."

A) Decorated Style
B) Rose Windows
C) Monasteries
D) Cathedrals

Question 30

How does the equestrian scene from Holofernes' Army Crossing the Euphrates River in the Sainte-Chapelle demonstrate pictorial innovation in the stained glass medium?

A) the overlapping figures to create a colorful pattern
B) the use of bar tracery
C) by diluting the paint to create modeling washes
D) the use of foreshortening to create illusionistic space

Question 31

___________help support nave vaults by transferring their outward thrust over the aisles to massive, free-standing upright external buttresses.

A) compound piers
B) plate tracery
C) Flying buttresses
D) rose windows

Question 32

The oldest functioning synagogue in Europe, the Altneuschul , is based on what Christian architectural form?

A) house churches like those at Dura-Europos
B) Gothic hall churches
C) the choir at the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis
D) the Sainte-Chapelle

Question 33

The jewel-like effect of the colors and materials used in the Sainte-Chapelle suggests a giant stone and glass ____________for Louis X's collection of relics.

A) reliquary
B) jewelry box
C) altar
D) mauoleum

Question 34

The German preference for realism in the thirteenth century may have contributed to the earliest surviving depiction of St. Maurice as a _____________ at Magdeburg Cathedral.

A) Roman soldier
B) peasant
C) pilgrim
D) black African

Question 35

The first Mendicant Orders of monks were the __________.

A) Benedictines
B) Franciscans
C) Cistercians
D) Samaritans

Question 36

The ambiguity and contradiction of earlier British manuscripts continued in the ________________.

A) Sheets with geometric figures
B) Shrine of the Three Kings
C) Windmill Psalter
D) Historia Anglorum

Question 37

The historical manuscripts compiled by Matthew Paris at St. Albans Monastery in England include__________________.

A) marginal drawings that were integral to his writing
B) references to additional sources of information
C) decorative motifs that reflect Hiberno-Saxon influences
D) detailed vignettes illustrating specific places and events

Question 38

Abbot Suger began the rebuilding of the Cathedral of __________ in the 1130s.

A) Saint-Denis
B) Reims
C) Salisbury
D) Sainte-Chapelle

Question 39

The development of __________at Reims Cathedral made possible even larger areas of stained glass in relation to wall surface.

A) plate tracery
B) flying buttresses
C) bar tracery
D) a central division of the clerestory

Question 40

What architectural feature distinguishes English Gothic cathedrals from those built in France?

A) A tower at the crossing served as the focal point.
B) Lancet windows were placed over the monumental portals.
C) Pointed arches along the nave arcade directed viewers' attention upward toward the vaults.
D) The preference for massive walls eliminated the need for flying buttresses.

Question 41

In an inscription on a marble pulpit in Pisa, _________________ identified himself as a supremely self-confident sculptor.

A) Coppo di Marcovaldo
B) Nicola Pisano
C) Cimabue
D) Nicholas of Verdun

Question 42

In 1194 CE, what significant event occurred at Chartres?

Question 43

What scenes are depicted in the decoration of Chartres?

Question 44

_______________ fostered a classical revival at his southern Italian court.

A) Frederick II
B) Henry Plantagenet
C) Louis VII
D) Philip Augustus

Question 45

How did the architects of Chartres create a harmonious elevation?

Question 46

In contrast to his father, Giovanni Pisano's interpretation of the Annunciation, Nativity, and Adoration of the Shepherds is more ____________.

A) colorful
B) dramatic
C) classical
D) subdued

Question 47

What was the Age of Cathedrals?

Question 48

The _______________ is an arcaded passage between the clerestory and nave arcade.

A) triforium
B) pinnacle
C) quatrefoil
D) tracery

Question 49

Why did Abbot Suger want Saint-Denis rebuilt?

Question 50

What improvements did Abbot Suger make to Saint-Denis?

Question 51

What is a flying buttress and what function did it serve at Chartres?

Question 52

Why did the "rediscovery" of literary work from Classical antiquity pose a challenge to Christian theology?

Question 53

The style of art known as the ______________ from Constantinople influenced thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Italian painting.

A) Pisan
B) Mozarabic
C) maniera greca
D) Gothic

Question 54

The format and technique of Nicola Pisano's ______________ may have been influenced by Roman sarcophagi.

A) The Miracle of the Crib at Greccio
B) Ekkehard and Uta
C) Annunciation, Nativity and Adoration of the Shepherds
D) Sheets of Drawings with Geometric Figures

Question 55

The figures of the Visitation from Reims cathedral were influenced by ______________.

A) the Court style
B) ancient sources
C) Romanesque sculpture
D) direct observation from life

Question 56

Where and why was the term "Gothic" first used?

Question 57

In contrast to Romanesque sculptures, the prophets and ancestors on Chartres' Royal Portal emanate ______________.

A) Byzantine qualities
B) faceted folds of drapery
C) erratic, puppet-like movements
D) tranquility and order

Question 58

The artist __________ and his family became the leading exponent of the classicizing and naturalistic style that characterized Gothic art in southern Italy.

A) William of Sens
B) Honnecourt
C) Marcovaldo
D) Pisano

Question 59

How are stained glass windows made?

Question 60

Why are the stained glass windows of Chartres unique?

Question 61

Explain how the design and decoration of Gothic cathedrals reinforced Christian beliefs and practices.

Question 62

Why does the Psalter of Saint Louis define the Court style?

Question 63

What is Gothic mural painting?

Question 64

What scenes are depicted in the stained glass windows of Chartres?

Question 65

Discuss the development of the Gothic style in architecture from its origins in France to regional variations in England and Germany.

Question 66

What three characteristic sculptural styles are represented at Reims?

Question 67

What characterizes the German hall church?

Question 68

Why was Reims Cathedral a reflection of 100 years of change in plan, iconography, and workshops?

Question 69

What was the effect of maniera greca on thirteenth- and fourteenth-century Italian painting?

Question 70

What relics of Christ are contained in Sainte-Chapelle?

Question 71

How was the Pisano family the leading exponent of the southern Italian style?

Question 72

How did Stokesay Castle exemplify a fortified manor house?

Question 73

Why is the Church of St. Francis at Assisi a typical Franciscan church?

Question 74

How does Salisbury Cathedral demonstrate the English interpretation of Gothic style?

Question 75

What complicates the study of the sculpture at Reims?

Question 76

Compare the role of painting in stained glass and illuminated manuscripts to express both religious and secular ideas of the Gothic period.