Deck 7: Photosynthesis

Question 1

To what does the term grana refer?

A)the double membrane that surrounds the chloroplast
B)a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast
C)a stack of thylakoid membranes
D)the fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
E)the pores on the underside of a leaf that facilitate gas exchange

Answer 1

C

Question 2

________ is a product of the Calvin cycle that is used to form glucose phosphate,amino acids or fatty acids.

A)ATP
B)ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
C)glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
D)PEP carboxylase (PEPcase)
E)carbon dioxide

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The fixation of carbon dioxide in the first step of the Calvin cycle is facilitated by which enzyme?

A)RuBP carboxylase
B)glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
C)PEP carboxylase
D)lactate dehydrogenase

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What are the end products of photosynthesis?

A)water and carbon dioxide
B)water and oxygen
C)oxygen and carbohydrate
D)carbohydrate and water

Question 5

G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)can be used by plants to form which of the following? Select all that apply.

A)fatty acids
B)amino acids
C)carbon dioxide
D)starch
E)NADPH

Question 6

Which of the following is a common photosynthetic pigment found in plants? Select all that apply.

A)chlorophyll a
B)chlorophyll c
C)carotenoids
D)chlorophyll b

Question 7

Which of the following are characteristics of C₄ plants? Select all that apply.

A)C₄ plants store carbon dioxide temporarily as oxaloacetate.
B)C₄ plants are found in hot,dry climates.
C)C₄ plants have a net photosynthetic rate two or three times greater than C₃ plants.
D)C₄ plants experience more photorespiration than C₃ plants.
E)C₄ plants separate carbon fixation from the Calvin cycle.

Question 8

What would happen if a drug directly interfered with the functioning of RuBP carboxylase?

A)Water would not be split at the start of photosystem II,halting the light reactions.
B)Chemiosmosis and ATP production would cease,halting the Calvin cycle.
C)Carbon dioxide would not be fixed to RuBP,stalling the Calvin cycle.
D)RuBP would not be regenerated from G3P,halting the Calvin cycle.

Question 9

What structure is required for an eukaryotic organism to be classified as an autotroph?

A)chloroplast
B)mitochondria
C)nucleus
D)Golgi body

Question 10

Photorespiration occurs mainly in

A)C₃ plants.
B)C₄ plants.
C)CAM plants.
D)All of the answer choices.

Question 11

Which of the following organisms are capable of photosynthesis?

A)plants only
B)plants and algae only
C)plants and some bacteria only
D)plants,algae,and some bacteria

Question 12

What would happen if the stomata of a leaf remained closed all day? Select all that apply.

A)Carbon dioxide in the air spaces of the leaf would decrease.
B)Oxygen in the air spaces would increase.
C)The amount of water within the air spaces would decrease.
D)Photorespiration would increase in C₃ plants.
E)Photorespiration would increase in CAM plants.

Question 13

The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule,which forms a six-carbon molecule that breaks down into two 3PG molecules.

Question 14

Oxygen production in photosynthesis involves which of the following? Select all that apply.

A)photosystem I
B)photosystem II
C)splitting of water
D)light reactions
E)Calvin cycle

Question 15

Protons (H⁺)accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystems II and I.Which of the following describes what will happen to these protons next?

A)The protons will reenter the electron transport chain and be used to generate water.
B)The protons will be used to oxidize NADPH to NADH,generating ATP in the process.
C)The protons will diffuse out of the lipid layer surrounding the thylakoid and exit the plant during gas exchange.
D)The protons will raise the pH of the thylakoid space until it becomes alkaline at which point the protons are pumped out of the thylakoid,generating ATP.
E)The protons will move from the thylakoid space to the stroma through an ATP synthase complex that generates ATP.

Question 16

Which is most closely associated with the Calvin cycle?

A)ATP production
B)oxygen production
C)carbon dioxide fixation
D)carbon dioxide production
E)removal of electrons from water for passage through an electron transport system

Question 17

Which statement is NOT true about the noncyclic electron pathway?

A)Electrons are boosted to higher energy level in photosystem I.
B)Sunlight excites electrons in photosystem II.
C)It produces ATP.
D)It produces NADPH.
E)It produces carbohydrates through carbon dioxide fixation.

Question 18

To what does the term stroma refer?

A)the double membrane surrounding the chloroplast
B)a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast
C)a stack of thylakoid membrane structures
D)the fluid-filled space of the chloroplast
E)the pores on the underside of the leaf that facilitate gas exchange

Question 19

Why are plants green?

A)They absorb only green wavelengths of light.
B)They absorb only yellow and blue wavelengths of light,which when mixed within the leaf,give plants their characteristic green color.
C)They reflect all of the ultraviolet wavelengths and absorb all of the visible light spectrum.
D)They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb other colors of the visible light spectrum.
E)They reflect the colors of the visible light spectrum and absorb all of the wavelengths associated with the ultraviolet spectrum.

Question 20

If plants were no longer able to perform the light reactions and they could only utilize the Calvin cycle,which of the following would be true? Select all that apply.

A)Plants would not produce oxygen.
B)G3P would be produced in much smaller quantities.
C)NADPH production would decrease while ATP production increased.
D)G3P would be produced in much greater quantities.

Question 21

The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule,which immediately becomes a six-carbon sugar that is the base for starch,sucrose,cellulose,etc.

Question 22

Characterize these reactions involved in the Calvin cycle.

A)These are reactions involved in the regeneration of RuBP.The reactions include an exergonic reaction (ATP breaks down into ADP)and the reduction of the coenzyme NADPH.
B)These reactions are involved in the reduction of CO₂.Energy is required in the form of ATP,which is hydrolyzed to ADP.The substrate BPG is reduced,while the coenzyme NADPH is oxidized.
C)These reactions are involved in the fixation of CO_2. Energy is required in the form of ADP,which is hydrolyzed to ATP.The substrate BPG is oxidized,while the coenzyme NADPH is reduced.
D)These reactions are part of the light reactions in a noncyclic pathway.ATP and NADPH are used during these reactions.

Question 23

C is ________.

Question 24

While C₄ plants have carbon dioxide fixation and carbon dioxide uptake separated by location within the plant,CAM plants

A)have these processes separated by time.
B)fix much greater amounts of carbon dioxide than C₄ plants.
C)are found in tropical regions where nutrients are abundant.
D)have these processes separated among two leaf types.

Question 25

The function of sunlight in photosynthesis is to

A)reduce NADPH to NADP.
B)fix O₂ in the Calvin cycle.
C)excite electrons in chlorophyll.
D)combine carbon dioxide and water to form ATP and NADPH.
E)split water releasing oxygen.

Question 26

A product of photosynthesis,________,is the chief source of energy for most organisms.

A)oxygen
B)sucrose
C)glucose
D)All of the answer choices.

Question 27

Use the data provided to identify the lines on the graph as the absorption spectrums of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,and the carotenoids.
Max.absorption of chlorophyll a-430 & 662 nm
Max.absorption of chlorophyll b-453 & 642 nm
Max.absorption of carotenoids-bimodal; approx.450 & 490 nm

Question 28

The action spectrum of photosynthesis shows a high light absorption for violet/blue and orange/red and a low absorption for green/yellow.If we were to set up an experiment where narrow bands of unicolored light were shown on an aquatic plant such as Elodea,and we counted the number of bubbles of oxygen produced as an indicator of photosynthetic rate,how would the graph appear?

A)just like the action spectrum with peaks at violet/blue and orange/red and a trough at yellow/green
B)exactly inverted from the action spectrum with a peak for yellow/green
C)perfectly flat because many wavelengths are used by chlorophyll
D)a descending line because ultraviolet light has more energy than infrared
E)There is no way to guess without actually running the experiment.

Question 29

When an electron has been excited to a higher energy state,it can then drop back to the original level,re-emitting the light as fluorescence.When chlorophyll is extracted in solution,and a bright red or blue light is shown on it,the chlorophyll fluoresces brightly.However,when the chlorophyll is packaged inside chloroplasts and the red or blue light is turned on,there is no fluorescence.This most likely indicates that

A)the red and blue light waves are reflected by the chlorophyll membrane.
B)chlorophyll in solution is a different molecule than chlorophyll in a chloroplast.
C)excited electrons are transferred to electron acceptors in the chloroplast.
D)fluorescence does not work in living cells.
E)green light must be used to make living cells fluoresce.

Question 30

Create an experiment that tests this null hypothesis: The rate of photosynthesis does not vary with different wavelengths of light.

Question 31

A is ________.

Question 32

H is ________.

Question 33

Which of the following plants is an example of a CAM plant?

A)pineapple
B)corn
C)rice
D)wheat
E)oak tree

Question 34

The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule,which is a reaction assisted by large quantities of RuBP carboxylase enzyme.

Question 35

If the photosynthetic rate of C₄ plants such as sugarcane,corn,and Bermuda grass is about two or three times that of C₃ plants-and both are substantially more productive than CAM plants-then why,over time,have C₄ plants not outcompeted and eliminated C₃ and CAM plants?

Question 36

B is ________.

Question 37

D is ________.

Question 38

G is ________.

Question 39

Photosynthesis involves oxidation - reduction and the movement of electrons from one molecule to another.Recall what oxidation and reduction reactions are and study the figure to identify A and B as either oxidation or reduction.

Question 40

The first event in the Calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule,which decreases cell carbon dioxide levels,which increases the diffusion gradient.

Question 41

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase)fixes carbon dioxide (C₁)to PEP (C₃)to form oxaloacetate (C₄)within mesophyll cells of the C₄ plants.

Question 42

Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis occurs in the cytosol of the cell.

Question 43

Which of the following pairs is correct?

A)C₄ plants = bundle sheath cells contain chlorophyll
B)C₃ plants = bundle sheath cells contain chlorophyll
C)CAM plants = epidermal cells contain chlorophyll
D)C4 plants = stoma contain chlorophyll

Question 44

Fossil fuels are full of energy stored from photosynthesis millions of years ago.

Question 45

Plants that conduct C₄ metabolism are desert plants.

Question 46

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?

A)The CO₂ is absorbed and reduced to CH₂O.
B)The CO₂ is absorbed and reduced to C₂H₂O_2.
C)The CO^- is absorbed and reduced to CH₂O.
D)The CO₂ is absorbed and used to form ATP.

Question 47

Photorespiration is the process by which light is used to release the stored energy in carbohydrate molecules to perform all work in plant cells.

Question 48

Correlate the relative efficiency of CAM,C₃,and C₄ plants in photosynthesis with the enzymatic systems active in this process.

Question 49

During the light reactions,what structure is responsible for absorbing the solar energy?

A)chloroplast
B)stroma
C)stoma
D)bark of the tree

Question 50

What is the ultimate destination for the energized electrons during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

A)They are taken up by NADP⁺ to produce NADPH.
B)They are taken up by NADPH to produce NADP⁺.
C)They are taken up by NADH to produce NAD⁺.
D)They are taken up by NAD⁺ to produce NADH.

Question 51

The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma of the chloroplast.