Deck 18: Fourteenth-century Art in Europe

Question 1

__________ painted a huge altarpiece for the high altar of Siena Cathedral.

A) Gaddi
B) Duccio
C) Pisano
D) Daddi

Answer 1

B

Question 2

__________ and __________ designed the Church of the Holy Cross in southwest Germany.

A) Cennini;Vasari
B) Cennini; Cimabue
C) Heinrich Parler; Peter Parler
D) Vasari; Lorenzetti

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Wealthy Italian families added __________ to their homes, both for the purpose of defense and to symbolize their power.

A) cannons
B) mirrors
C) lighting
D) towers

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In Northern Europe, particularly Germany, devotional images which depict Mary mourning her dead son, Jesus, are known as __________.

A) chasubles
B) predellas
C) vestments
D) Vesperbild

Question 5

__________ was the patron saint of painters.

A) Saint Francis of Assisi
B) Saint Dominic
C) Saint Luke
D) Saint Mark

Question 6

__________ was a master mason for Exeter Cathedral .

A) Richard de Montefort
B) Thomas of Whitney
C) Thomas Acquinas
D) Nicholas of Verdun

Question 7

The Book of Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux by __________ contains special prayers to be recited during the day and into the evening.

A) Jean Pucelle
B) Jan van Eyck
C) the Rohan Master
D) Gislebertus

Question 8

The governing body for the city of Florence met in the __________.

A) Camposanto
B) Palazzo Della Signoria
C) Duomo
D) Baptistry

Question 9

The doors for the Florentine Baptistery by __________ display scenes from the life of John the Baptist.

A) Andrea Orcagna
B) Bernardo Daddi
C) Andrea Pisano
D) Ambrogio Lorenzetti

Question 10

__________ was commissioned to paint the Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel .

A) Cimabue
B) Masaccio
C) Giotto
D) Duccio

Question 11

What sociological change may have encouraged the innovative developments in Italian art of the fourteenth century?

A) the growth of the urban population
B) the guild system for artistic training
C) artists began to emerge as individuals
D) fortified cities provided a greater sense of security

Question 12

The __________ represents the contemporary taste for personal items, crafted from fine materials and richly decorated with popular subject matter.

A) Triumph of Death
B) Life of John the Baptist
C) Attack on the Castle of Love
D) Life of Saint Luke

Question 13

The elaborate bishop's throne at Exeter Cathedral resembles_______________.

A) a shrine
B) embroidery translated into wood
C) opus angicanum
D) a predella

Question 14

How were the innovations in fourteenth century painting comparable to shifts that occurred in the period's literature?

A) Greater attention was given to secular subject matter.
B) Greater emphasis was placed on observable elements of human experience.
C) Religious themes were treated more critically.
D) All of the above.

Question 15

The artist of the Virgin and Child Enthroned , __________, greatly impacted Florentine painting.

A) Andrea Pisano
B) Christine de Pizan
C) Petrarch
D) Cimabue

Question 16

The __________, surrounded by a court of angels and Siena's patron saints, are the subject of the Maestà's (18-10) central panel.

A) Virgin and Christ Child
B) Angel Gabriel and the Virgin
C) Angels Gabriel and Michael
D) John the Baptist and the Virgin

Question 17

The city council of Siena commissioned__________ to fresco the city hall with scenes of good and bad government.

A) Ambrogio Lorenzetti
B) Duccio
C) Giotto
D) Cimabue

Question 18

A(n) __________ specialty, pictorial needlework, gained such fame that it came to be called __________.

A) Italian; buon fresco
B) Sienese; giornata
C) French; sinopia
D) English; opus anglicanum

Question 19

The most complete Decorated-style building is the __________.

A) Chartres Cathedral
B) Durham Cathedral
C) Westminster Cathedral
D) Exeter Cathedral

Question 20

Which artist in the court of Charles IV of Bohemia was known for combining his preference for substantial bodies, oversized hands and heads, and dour faces with the graceful quality of French Gothic style?

A) Master Hubert
B) Nicholas of Verdun
C) Master Theodoric
D) Heinrich Musselman

Question 21

Which of the following was NOT a reason for the building of the Scrovegni Chapel ?

A) to atone for the Scrovegni family's sins
B) to show the patron's power and sophistication
C) to mark the site of an ancient Roman ruin
D) to have a private chapel at the Scrovegni residence

Question 22

How did the artists convey that the angel Gabriel is speaking to Mary in the Annunciation by Simone Martine and Lippo Memmi?

A) They included iconographic details that symbolize Gabriel's message.
B) They placed the figures in a conversational pose.
C) They incised scriptural text into the gold leaf.
D) They reference the chapter and verse from Luke in the framework.

Question 23

The term "maniera greca" refers to the ___________ influence seen in Italian painting throughout the fourteenth century.

A) Classical
B) Hellenistic
C) French Gothic
D) Byzantine

Question 24

Which of the following probably influenced Giotto's emphasis on human empathy and emotion seen in his painting?

A) his study with Cimabue
B) the writings of Cennino Cennini
C) the message of St. Francis of Assissi
D) all of the above

Question 25

How does Giotto's Virgin and Child Enthroned differ from Cimabue's earlier version of the same subject?

A) He eliminates the gold folds in Mary's drapery.
B) Christ sits on her lap.
C) The figures appear as solid, blocky forms.
D) All of the above.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT depicted in Ambrogio Lorenzetti's Effects of Good Government in the City and in the Country ?

A) building construction
B) an allegorical figure assuring visitors of their safety in the city
C) portraits of Sienna's civic leaders
D) agricultural activity of all the various seasons

Question 27

Which of the following themes is NOT found in Giotto's program of frescoes decorating the Scrovegni Chapel ?

A) scenes from Dante's Inferno
B) the virtues and vices
C) scenes from the life of Mary
D) the Last Judgment

Question 28

What factor contributed to the mystical religiosity in Germany during the fourteenth century that inspired images emphasizing both ecstatic joy and extreme suffering?

A) famine, wars, and plagues
B) a new ruler
C) the death of the pope
D) Islamic invasions

Question 29

Cimabue, an artist working in ____________, was one of the first to demonstrate the shift to a more modern painting style.

A) Florence
B) Sienna
C) Pisa
D) Venice

Question 30

What theme was most popular for the narrative images decorating personal luxury items such as small chests, mirror backs and combs?

A) the passion of Christ
B) courtly romance
C) the joys and sorrows of the Virgin
D) life in the city and country

Question 31

The recognizable cityscape in Ambrogio Lorenzetti's The Effects of Good Government in the City and in the Country is a tribute to his patron_____________.

A) Enrico Scrovegni
B) King Charles IV
C) The Florentine Signoria
D) The Siena City Council (The Nine)

Question 32

What element of the standing gilt-silver Virgin and Child is distinctive of French sculpture in the fourteenth century?

A) the use of the fleur-de-lis as a reliquary
B) the s-curve of the Virgin's figure
C) the use of gold, silver and enamel
D) the child's tender gesture

Question 33

Which of the following does NOT apply to Giotto's frescoes of the Scrovegni Chapel ?

A) Their placement complements the building's architectural details.
B) They are organized to create symmetrical pairings that encourage viewers to relate biblical events.
C) They distill complex narratives into compelling moments.
D) They emphasize human emotion in their details.

Question 34

How do Andrea Pisano's doors for the Florentine Baptistery of San Giovanni reflect a stylistic shift in Italian art of the fourteenth century?

A) the use of gilded bronze for architectural sculpture
B) the curved forms and courtly posture of the figures
C) the emphasis on the three-dimensional mass of the figures
D) the spatial ambiguities of the settings

Question 35

Which stylistic characteristic distinguishes fourteenth-century figure painting in Siena from that produced in Florence?

A) the use of modeling to suggest three-dimensional forms
B) the placement of figures in naturalistic and architectural settings
C) an emphasis on jewel-like coloring and elegantly posed forms
D) the use of tempera paint

Question 36

What characteristic introduced by the Parler family came to dominate central European architecture during the Renaissance?

A) clustered colonnettes that make the arcade seem to ripple
B) intricately patterned vaults that unify interior space
C) fortified walls and large towers
D) none of the above

Question 37

The term "modeling" refers to ___________________, which allows artists to simulate three-dimensional forms in painted figures.

A) the use of light and dark pigment tones
B) the use of live models so artists could closely observe natural details
C) the texturing of paint with a stippling brushstroke
D) thickly applying paint in small areas

Question 38

What stylistic element of The Book of Hours of Jeanne D'Évreux suggests that the artist was familiar with contemporary Sienese art?

A) the use of grisaille
B) the softly modeled folds of drapery gathered around elegant forms
C) his depiction of figures within discrete architectural settings
D) the inclusion of secular amusements and off-color jokes

Question 39

The _____________style seen in the great east window of Exeter Cathedral paved the way for the regularity, balanced horizontal and vertical lines, and plain wall or window surfaces that characterize Renaissance architecture in England.

A) Decorated
B) Perpendicular
C) Embroidered
D) Tudor

Question 40

According to the artist Cennino Cennini, painting on panel may involve all of the following EXCEPT___________.

A) gesso
B) gold leaf
C) giornata
D) drawing with charcoal

Question 41

For Petrarch and his contemporaries, the essential qualifications for a writer were an appreciation of the literature of __________ and __________.

A) Mesopotamia; Egypt
B) England; Rome
C) Greece; Rome
D) Persia; Constantinople

Question 42

Italian painters in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries worked principally in __________, a paint made from powdered pigments, often mixed with egg yolk, water, and an occasional touch of glue.

A) tempera
B) fresco
C) arriccio
D) parchment

Question 43

According to Millard Meiss, artists working after the Black Death reverted to a __________ in religious art.

A) softly modeled style
B) highly detailed naturalism
C) classically-posed figures
D) hieratic linearity

Question 44

In the buon fresco technique, the term _____________ refers to a section or day's work.

A) dado
B) grisaille
C) sinopia
D) giornata

Question 45

Andrea Pisano enhanced the sense of ______________ through the curving folds of drapery in the Baptism of the Multitudes .

A) patterning
B) action and movement
C) three-dimensionality
D) scale of the figures

Question 46

According to folklorists, the figures at the bottom of the

A) the infant Jesus and John the Baptist
B) children of the patrons
C) children playing "froggy in the middle"
D) angels

Question 47

Charles IV made __________ the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.

A) Paris
B) London
C) Munich
D) Prague

Question 48

In the Book of Hours of Jeanne d'Evreux, the figures are painted in the __________ technique.

A) tempera
B) grisaille
C) opus anglicanum
D) fresco

Question 49

Applying water-based paints to the wet plaster of a wall is known as __________.

A) tempera
B) fresco secco
C) buon fresco
D) intonaco

Question 50

Located in the city hall in Siena, the council room was known as the __________.

A) Church of the Holy Cross
B) Sala della Pace (Chamber of Peace)
C) Exeter Cathedral
D) Scrovegni Chapel

Question 51

In England, during the later years of the thirteenth century and the early years of the fourteenth century, a distinctive and influential style developed, known as __________.

A) the Courtly Style
B) the Decorated Style
C) the Perpendicular
D) the Military Style

Question 52

Duccio included _______________ in his scene of the Betrayal of Jesus on the back of the Maesta.

A) several subsequent episodes
B) only a few figures
C) an expansive architectural backdrop
D) his portrait

Question 53

________________ exerted quality control among members and supervised education.

A) Confraternities
B) Monastic orders
C) Guilds
D) Mendicants

Question 54

The __________ family became the most successful architects in the Holy Roman Empire.

A) Pisano
B) Martini
C) Pucelle
D) Parler

Question 55

The ______________ erupted between France and England.

A) Hundred Years' War
B) Peasants' War
C) Black Death
D) Opus Anglicanum

Question 56

Duccio's painted __________for the Siena Cathedral is known as the Maestà .

A) fresco
B) baldachin
C) arcade
D) altarpiece

Question 57

The doors for the Florentine Baptistery are made of __________.

A) carved wood
B) gilded bronze
C) molded stucco
D) a brick core

Question 58

The _________________ of Duccio's representation of the Raising of Lazarus contrasts with Giotto's portrayal of the same subject.

A) simplification to only a few characters
B) expressive gestures and charged glances
C) monumentality of the figures
D) the majestic architecture

Question 59

In Germany, devotional images, known as __________, inspired the worshipper to contemplate Jesus's first and last hours.

A) grisaille
B) Cistercian
C) Andachtsbilder
D) dado

Question 60

The term __________ describes the private devotional books that contained special prayers to be recited at specific times of the day.

A) Book of Hours
B) Psalters
C) Gospels
D) Moralized Bibles

Question 61

Discuss the achievements of Giotto.

Question 62

Who was Christine de Pizan? In what ways did she contribute to her profession and to her era?

Question 63

Discuss the creation of Duccio's Maestà . Address specifics, such as its purpose, its size, the style, the technique, and subject matter. What is its present-day condition?

Question 64

Who was Master Theodoric? Characterize his style.

Question 65

The ___________ style of English architecture heralded the Renaissance in its regularity and balance.

A) Vesperbild
B) Perpendicular
C) Parler
D) Norman

Question 66

How did the Holy Roman Empire change during the fourteenth century?

Question 67

Discuss the choice of subject matter and the placement of the images in Giotto's Scrovegni Chapel .

Question 68

Discuss the significance of Prague in the fourteenth century.

Question 69

The designer of the vaults of Exeter Cathedral added ______________ or additional ribs.

A) plate tracery
B) rosettes
C) tiercerons
D) bosses

Question 70

Discuss the different phases of construction for Exeter Cathedral.

Question 71

The book considers some of the major developments in fourteenth-century Europe. Discuss these developments in general and then focus on one that clearly impacted the arts. Build your discussion on specific works of art, using visual and historical analysis.

Question 72

Discuss the Allegory of Good Government in the City and in the Country in the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena. Consider the technique, the style, the subject matter, and the commission itself.

Question 73

Who was Petrarch? Discuss his contributions and significance.

Question 74

Discuss the change in patronage practices in fourteenth-century France. How did these changes impact the arts?

Question 75

Explain the role of the guilds in fourteenth-century Europe.

Question 76

Discuss the techniques of buon fresco and fresco secco, citing examples of each.

Question 77

What were the primary artistic influences on fourteenth-century Italian painters.

Question 78

Describe the influence of the royal court in Paris on fourteenth-century French painting and sculpture.

Question 79

Who was Charles IV of Bohemia? What were his contributions?

Question 80

What was the impact of the Black Death on the arts in fourteenth-century Europe? Include specific examples in your discussion.