Deck 22: Sixteenth-century Art in Northern Europe and the Iberian Peninsula

Question 1

The _______________ was created for a hospital that specialized in the care of patients with skin diseases.

A) Altarpiece of the Holy Blood
B) Isenheim Altarpiece
C) Four Apostles
D) Garden of Earthly Delights

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The enthusiasm of __________ for all things Italian meant that the Italian Renaissance style soon appeared in French architecture.

A) Francis I
B) Martin Luther
C) John Calvin
D) Erasmus

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The Northern artist regarded as being as self-confident as Michelangelo was __________.

A) Riemenschneider
B) Stoss
C) Dürer
D) Grünewald

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Typical of Northern Renaissance art, Dürer's landscape in Adam and Eve is rich in ______________.

A) a variety of surface textures and tonal variations
B) closely observed renderings of nature
C) symbolic meaning
D) all of the above

Question 5

__________ was unusual in that he worked for Protestant patrons and delighted in earthly things.

A) Clouet
B) Fontana
C) Grünewald
D) Cranach

Question 6

The Flemish artist __________ found favor in France as the royal portrait painter.

A) Clouet
B) Altdorfer
C) Grünewald
D) Durër

Question 7

Tilman Riemenschneider had the largest workshop in __________.

A) Würzburg
B) Vienna
C) Munich
D) Berlin

Question 8

The descriptions of Saint __________ informed Grünewald's paintings for the Isenheim Altarpiece .

A) Clare
B) Ann
C) Agnes
D) Bridget

Question 9

Dürer openly expressed his ______________in the Four Apostles .

A) Methodism
B) happiness
C) wealth
D) Lutheranism

Question 10

The Edict of __________ granted toleration to Protestants.

A) Paris
B) Würzburg
C) Nantes
D) Munich

Question 11

__________ carved an altarpiece for the Abbey of Saint Anthony in Isenheim.

A) Riemenschneider
B) Durër
C) Altdorfer
D) Hagenauer

Question 12

Lucas Cranach the Elder was the favorite painter of __________.

A) Luther
B) Clouet
C) Stoss
D) Fontana

Question 13

Landscape painting became popular among ____________in the sixteenth century because, although it had no overt religious content, it could be seen as a reflection of God's works on earth.

A) Catholics
B) Protestants
C) artists
D) romantics

Question 14

Dürer's The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse is a(n) __________.

A) woodcut
B) drawing
C) engraving
D) etching

Question 15

Although Martin Luther never supported __________, many Protestant zealots destroyed sculpture, stained glass, and religious paintings they felt was idolatrous.

A) empire
B) legislature
C) iconoclasm
D) renaissance

Question 16

Erasmus and __________ were important reformers in the early sixteenth century.

A) Charles
B) Leoni
C) Philip
D) Luther

Question 17

What was an effect of the Reformation on the Netherlands during the sixteenth century?

A) They were forced to look for patrons outside the church.
B) They began exploring new subject matter for art.
C) They produced smaller-scale paintings.
D) All of the above.

Question 18

Dürer's work in which media led to his fame and fortune?

A) goldsmithing
B) graphic arts and painting
C) architecture
D) sculpture

Question 19

__________ was the foremost artist of the German Renaissance.

A) Charles V
B) Tintoretto
C) Dürer
D) Fontana

Question 20

The work of ________________in the sixteenth century continued the German tradition of medieval mysticism and emotional spirituality to create extraordinarily moving paintings.

A) Stoss
B) Riemenschneider
C) Grünewald
D) Fontana

Question 21

In addition to painting, the arts of textiles, ceramics, and sculpture made of wood and metal flourished in the __________.

A) Danube
B) Netherlands
C) Bavaria
D) Toledo

Question 22

Francis I transformed a hunting lodge in __________ into a grand palace.

A) Wittenberg
B) Nantes
C) Augsburg
D) Fontainebleau

Question 23

Bruegel's Return of the Hunters is one of a cycle that included six large paintings focused on the theme of ______________.

A) the months
B) the seasons
C) local landscapes
D) peasant life

Question 24

Dürer adapted the _________technique of Martin Schongauer to the woodcut medium in The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse

A) silverpoint drawing
B) niello
C) stamping
D) metal engraving

Question 25

The important role of women patrons during the Renaissance is particularly evident at __________.

A) Augsburg
B) Chenonceau
C) Fontainebleau
D) Wittenberg

Question 26

The format of Hieronymus Bosch's painting Garden of Earthly Delights , which was commissioned by an aristocrat for his Brussels townhouse, conforms to a long tradition of ______________.

A) palace decoration
B) paintings in the offices of church officials
C) public art in government buildings
D) church altarpieces

Question 27

How does the figure in Lucas Cranach the Elder's Nymph of the Spring compare to idealized nudes in Italian Renaissance paintings?

A) Both derive from Classical models of female beauty.
B) It suggests a distinctly different conception of the figure in Germany.
C) It shows that Cranach was familiar with contemporary Italian art.
D) It shows that Italian artists were influenced by Northern prototypes.

Question 28

What image from the Isenheim Altarpiece emphasizes human emotion and suffering through Grunewald's graphic realism?

A) the Crucifixion
B) the Annunciation
C) Saint Sebastian
D) the Resurrection

Question 29

The kings Francis I and Henry II modernized the medieval castle of __________, thus giving rise to the French classical style.

A) the Louvre
B) Chenonceau
C) Fontainebleau
D) Shrewsbury

Question 30

__________ built The Escorial , the great monastery-palace complex outside Madrid.

A) Francis
B) Philip
C) Charles
D) Manuel

Question 31

What did Dürer see on his trip to Italy in 1494 that is clearly reflected in his Self-Portrait of 1500 ?

A) Leonardo's Mona Lisa
B) a conception of artists as noble intellectuals
C) Roman copies of ancient Greek sculpture
D) the art collection of the Medici family

Question 32

The Spanish painter Domenikos Theotokopoulos, known as El Greco, was originally from __________.

A) Wittenberg
B) Paris
C) Crete
D) Lisbon

Question 33

Which of the following was responsible for the spread of an Italianate tradition of Mannerism in painting and interior decoration throughout France and Northern Europe?

A) Jean Clouet
B) Francis I
C) the School of Fontainebleau
D) the Cour Carrée at the Louvre

Question 34

How did Riemenschneider's Altarpiece of the Holy Blood differ from earlier German traditions for wooden sculpture?

A) his use of bright colors and gilding
B) his heightened naturalism
C) his use of natural finishes
D) his use of a Gothic framework for the sculpture

Question 35

In the Netherlands, the sixteenth century was an age of religious and political __________.

A) harmony
B) resolution
C) accord
D) conflict

Question 36

Based on the careers of the artists discussed in the text, which of the following statements is NOT true about German artists in the sixteenth century?

A) Travel was part of their training and professional life.
B) They were highly trained to specialize in a single media.
C) Artists were impacted by the religious conflicts of the period.
D) They produced works on a broad range of subject matter.

Question 37

In 1586, the __________ family commissioned El Greco to paint a large altarpiece honoring a great fourteenth-century ancestor.

A) Orgaz
B) Manuel
C) Luther
D) Augustine

Question 38

King Manuel I of Portugal commissioned Diogo de Arruda to create a church and sculpture in __________.

A) Moura
B) Madrid
C) Lisbon
D) Tomar

Question 39

Which German artist published theoretical writings and manuals on the technical concerns of painting?

A) Grünewald
B) Hans Baldung Grien
C) Dürer
D) All of the above

Question 40

Which building gave rise to a new style of French Classicism that combined Renaissance ideals with Classical details and rich sculptural decoration?

A) the Louvre
B) the Château of Fontainebleau
C) the Château of Chenonceau
D) None of the above

Question 41

What motivated the building of many lavish country residences in England during the sixteenth century?

A) the mobile nature of the Tudor court
B) newly created aristocrats wanting to display their wealth and status
C) the growth of England's middle class who had prospered from commercial trade
D) the political and economic stability brought on by the Tudor dynasty

Question 42

Albrecht Altdorfer emerged as one of the great German painters of _________, a genre that grew in popularity in the sixteenth century.

A) landscapes
B) still-lifes
C) religious narratives
D) moralizing parables

Question 43

Foreign influence appears most prominently in what art form of England during the sixteenth century?

A) visual art
B) literature
C) music
D) architecture

Question 44

In Burial of Count Orgaz , El Greco has crowded the pictorial field with figures and obscured the spatial setting of the scene in a way that recalls ___________paintings in Italy.

A) medieval
B) Raphael's
C) Venetian
D) Mannerist

Question 45

Juan de Herrera was the second architect on __________.

A) Santiago de Compostela
B) Fontainebleau
C) The Escorial
D) the Louvre

Question 46

The elaborate steel armor with gold inlay made for George Clifford would have been ____________________.

A) used as sculptural decoration in Clifford's study
B) worn at royal functions to demonstrate his family's military legacy
C) worn in jousting competitions at festivals and public celebrations
D) worn only once at the ceremony when the queen knighted him

Question 47

Albrecht Altdorfer's Danube Landscape _________.

A) contains no narrative subject matter or figures
B) is a small painting done on vellum over wood
C) prefigures German Romanticism
D) all of the above

Question 48

Why did painters in the Netherlands begin producing smaller-scale paintings during the sixteenth century?

A) Canvas was in short supply.
B) Patrons wanted paintings appropriate for homes.
C) Church patrons desired less ostentatious artwork.
D) The smaller size made them easier to transport.

Question 49

Scholars believe that Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights may be all of the following EXCEPT:

A) a parable of human salvation using the metaphor of alchemy
B) a visualization of a satirical poem by Jacob Cats
C) related to the theme of "the power of women"
D) an image of life in paradise

Question 50

Women artists such as Caterina van Hemessen benefited from the decline of religious painting and the increasing interest in __________, which became a major source for their work.

A) processions
B) portraits
C) heraldic devices
D) landscapes

Question 51

During the sixteenth century, ____________ was the commercial center of the southern Netherlands.

A) Hertogenbosch
B) Antwerp
C) Amsterdam
D) Bruges

Question 52

Jan Gossaert's ____________style was inspired by Italian Mannerist painting and decorative details drawn from ancient Roman art.

A) Romanizing
B) highly detailed
C) archaic
D) simplistic

Question 53

How did Dürer contribute to the growth of Nuremberg as a key center of German goldsmithing?

A) He produced a number of small-scale, exquisitely crafted works in gold.
B) He lent his name to a family of goldsmiths who capitalized on his fame.
C) He created designs for metalwork throughout his career.
D) He created print advertisements for the Nuremberg metalworkers' guild.

Question 54

El Greco's distinctive style _________________.

A) demonstrates his humanist interest in the use of ancient sources
B) was based on mathematical systems of proportions and perspective
C) reveals the influence of Byzantine icons and Venetian painting techniques
D) provided an appropriate aesthetic for Protestant zealots of the period.

Question 55

The entrance hall at Hardwick Hall includes all of the following decorative details EXCEPT:

A) a set of Flemish tapestries
B) an ornately carved fireplace
C) enormous windows
D) mosaic floors in the Roman style

Question 56

How did the development of an art market impact artists in Antwerp?

A) They became more diversified in their production.
B) They began to specialize in specific genres.
C) They became art dealers.
D) They were no longer associated with guilds.

Question 57

The German-born painter Hans Holbein shaped the tastes of the ____________ courts.

A) Portuguese
B) French
C) English
D) Spanish

Question 58

The Italian artist __________ was summoned to France by King Francis I.

A) Michelangelo
B) Leonardo da Vinci
C) Giulio Romano
D) Juan de Herrera

Question 59

Hans Holbein is best known for his ________________________.

A) detailed engravings and woodcuts
B) portraits of nobles and diplomats in the Tudor court
C) polychromed wooden sculptures
D) written survey of art history detailing the lives of artists in Northern Europe

Question 60

The text suggests that Dutch artist Caterina van Hemessen probably specialized in paintings of __________.

A) religious subjects
B) flowers and other botanical specimens
C) moral allegories
D) portraits of women

Question 61

The __________ in Dürer's Adam and Eve symbolically represent the human temperaments.

A) animals
B) castles
C) types of trees
D) flowers

Question 62

What kind of art was favored in the Tudor Court?

Question 63

Why did landscape painting, still life, and portraiture become important in sixteenth-century Northern art?

Question 64

How were women involved in Netherlandish art of the sixteenth century?

Question 65

The subject of Quentin Massys's Money Changer and His Wife concerns itself with the challenges of __________.

A) the use of images in Christian worship
B) living a Christian life in a worldly society
C) the parable of the Good Samaritan
D) punishment for sins

Question 66

Holbein's style in the representation of the French Ambassadors recalls the work of ______________.

A) Mathias Grünewald
B) Albrecht Altdorfer
C) Pieter Bruegel
D) Jan van Eyck

Question 67

In what ways is Hieronymus Bosch's painting style so eccentric?

Question 68

Nicholas Hilliard was a renowned painter of __________.

A) armor
B) Fontainbleau decorations
C) frescos
D) miniatures

Question 69

How did Bruegel's travels impact his art?

Question 70

The German artist ___________ is known for different visualizations of women such as Death and the Matron

A) Tilman Riemenschneider
B) Hans Baldung Grien
C) Lucas Cranach
D) Mathias Grünewald

Question 71

What kind of art and architecture did Philip II support in Spain?

Question 72

How did Francis I make Fontainebleau into an artistic center?

Question 73

What was the Krug Family's contribution to metalwork?

Question 74

One of the grandest of all the Elizabethan houses was __________, designed by Robert Smythson for the Countess of Shrewsbury.

A) Hardwick Hall
B) Fontainebleau
C) Chenonceau
D) Villa Rotunda

Question 75

Resembling calendar pages of Books of Hours, Bruegel's Return of the Hunters is filled with _____________.

A) religious episodes
B) Christian symbolism
C) behaviors typical of that season
D) immoral behavior

Question 76

How did Dürer use printmaking to extend his reputation?

Question 77

What features characterize early sixteenth-century German sculpture?

Question 78

Was Antwerp an important cultural center in the sixteenth century?

Question 79

How did travel impact on Dürer's art?

Question 80

How is Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece arranged and why?