Deck 23: Seventeenth-century Art in Europe

Question 1

Caravaggio actively used __________, in which he painted forms emerging from a dark background into a strong light that often falls from a single source outside the painting

A) ash
B) tenebrism
C) grisaille
D) ignudi

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Gaulli had worked in his youth for the artist __________.

A) Caravaggio
B) Bernini
C) Reni
D) Gentileschi

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Pope Paul V commissioned __________ to provide Saint Peter's Basilica with a longer nave and a new façade.

A) Michelangelo
B) Borromini
C) Maderno
D) Cruyl

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Neighbors in Antwerp, __________ and Jan Brueghel frequently collaborated on paintings.

A) Hals
B) Caravaggio
C) Vermeer
D) Rubens

Question 5

In the seventeenth century after a period of relative autonomy, __________ returned to direct Spanish rule.

A) Austria
B) Florence
C) Paris
D) Flanders

Question 6

A painting long thought to be the work of Franz Hals was recently discovered to be the work of ________.

A) Leyste
B) Gentileschi
C) Rembrandt
D) Caravaggio

Question 7

At the end of the sixteenth century, __________ made it a major goal of the Counter-Reformation to embellish the church and renew Rome.

A) Pope Francis I
B) Pope Domenico
C) Pope Sixtus V
D) Pope Julius II

Question 8

Anthony van Dyck had an illustrious independent career as a __________.

A) still-life painter
B) portraitist
C) priest
D) miniaturist

Question 9

Bernini's great sculptural grouping Saint Teresa of Ávila in Ecstasy is located in the Cornaro Chapel, Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria in the city of __________.

A) Antwerp
B) Rome
C) Paris
D) Vienna

Question 10

A popular form of Dutch still-life painting, showing a table set for a meal, is called a __________.

A) vanitas
B) stilleven
C) breakfast piece
D) trompe-l'oeil

Question 11

What element of Caravaggio's painting style was the subject of criticism and occasionally seen deemed inconsistent with the artistic guidelines established by the Council of Trent?

A) his dramatic lighting effects that implied a spiritual presence
B) his brutally naturalistic renderings that were deemed unsuitable for religious subjects
C) his use of common folk for models
D) the erotic undertones of his paintings of men

Question 12

How did the role of the viewer change in the Baroque period?

A) it was self-contained and separate from the viewer's world
B) the focus was on a fixed viewpoints
C) art sought to engage viewers as participants
D) all of the above

Question 13

Renewed interest in __________ provided the funds necessary to expand the façade of the Cathedral of St. James, Santiago de Compostela .

A) pilgrimages
B) wealth
C) Madrid
D) dueling

Question 14

Hyacinthe Rigaud painted a 1701 portrait of __________.

A) Louis XIV
B) Charles V
C) Julius II
D) Francis I

Question 15

The Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens was offered commissions in _______________, in addition to local patrons.

A) England
B) France
C) Spain
D) all of the above

Question 16

Most of Caravaggio's commissions after 1600 were __________.

A) landscapes
B) portraits
C) religious
D) genre scenes

Question 17

Gaulli's The Triumph of the Name of Jesus and the Fall of the Damned is on the ceiling of the __________.

A) Church of Il Gesù
B) Vatican
C) Palazzo Barberini
D) Palazzo Farnese

Question 18

__________ succeeded Maderno in 1629 as Vatican architect.

A) Rubens
B) Prandtauer
C) Vignola
D) Bernini

Question 19

Murillo worked in __________, despite its decline after an outbreak of the plague in 1649.

A) Antwerp
B) Toledo
C) Madrid
D) Seville

Question 20

Velàzquez's painting The Surrender at Breda is popularly known as __________.

A) The Wells
B) The Cupids
C) The Lances
D) The Caves

Question 21

The tenebrism and highly realistic style characterizing of seventeenth-century Spanish painting was influenced by __________.

A) Rembrandt
B) Rubens
C) Gentileschi
D) Caravaggio

Question 22

English artists excelled in which field during the seventeenth century?

A) portrait painting
B) landscape painting
C) architecture
D) stained glass

Question 23

What innovative device did Hals introduce in the painting of group portraits?

A) They placed the figures symmetrically according to height.
B) They included distinctive symbols that identified each sitter.
C) Figures were depicted as engaged in a lively social event.
D) Figures were shown in allegorical roles from mythology or biblical stories.

Question 24

What detail of Bernini's Cornaro Chapel helps viewer identify with the event?

A) metal supports that make the sculptural grouping appear to float
B) portrait sculptures on both sides appear as viewers witnessing the event taking place before us
C) a hidden window illuminating the figures with natural light
D) all of the above

Question 25

Which of the following was NOT a part of Le Nôtre's design for the gardens at Versailles?

A) fountains
B) parterres
C) winding stone paths
D) sculpture

Question 26

How did Rubens portray Marie de Medici in the series of portraits she commissioned?

A) He represented her as a powerful Greek goddess in well-known myths.
B) He depicted scenes from her life as a continuous triumph overseen by Classical gods and goddesses.
C) He emphasized her religious convictions by showing her praying and performing good deeds.
D) He depicted her as a powerful presence who physically dominates each composition.

Question 27

How does Anthony van Dyck's Charles I at the Hunt convey the king's powerful status?

A) through a naturalistic portrait, in which Charles's surroundings appear submissive
B) through an idealized portrait, where Charles appears as a powerful and godlike force
C) through a narrative image that shows Charles engaged in hunting wild beasts
D) none of the above

Question 28

Rembrandt's prints of Three Crosses exist in five __________.

A) plates
B) etchings
C) stages
D) colors

Question 29

Gerard ter Borch was a renowned __________ painter.

A) genre
B) cantilever
C) mirror
D) religious

Question 30

French academicians who favored classical principles of subject and design were known as __________.

A) conservatives
B) rubénistes (followers of Rubens)
C) poussinistes (followers of Poussin)
D) radicals

Question 31

What characteristic is common to both Bernini and Caravaggio's artwork?

A) theatrical presentation of the subject
B) an emphasis on sculptural media
C) tenebrism
D) all of the above

Question 32

The Banqueting House, Whitehall Palace demonstrates the influence of __________Classicizing style on Inigo Jones in England

A) Palladio's
B) Michelangelo's
C) the Greek's
D) Lescot's

Question 33

Rubens was known for __________________.

A) his large studio with assistants who specialized in particular details
B) his humble demeanor and private working habits
C) his extensive financial problems that resulted in his dying penniless and alone
D) emphasis on linear clarity in drawing

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Baroque art?

A) an interest in Classicism
B) heightened dramatic effects
C) an appeal to the viewer's intellectual interests
D) different media used in a single work

Question 35

Although Caravaggio was extremely influential on Spanish artists in the seventeenth century, their work is distinguished by __________.

A) the predominance of secular subject matter
B) a use of vivid color and expressive brushwork
C) an ecstatic religiosity combined with realistic surface detail
D) the use of decorative patterns and designs based on Islamic art

Question 36

Rembrandt's study of Italian Renaissance art was done mostly through ___________________.

A) travel to Italy in the early years of his career
B) engravings and paintings imported through the Amsterdam art market
C) his access to private art collections in Amsterdam
D) his frequent travel to foreign courts

Question 37

How does Bernini's David distinguish itself from Renaissance images of the same subject?

A) He depicts David at a dramatic moment of quiet contemplation.
B) He based the figure on ancient sculptures of athletes.
C) He captures the action of the figure moving through space.
D) He shows David as a young contemporary man.

Question 38

Claude Lorrain started out making architectural paintings, but then began painting __________.

A) bronzes
B) landscapes
C) churches
D) miniatures

Question 39

Which Italian artist became known in the Netherlands because of the influence he had on the Dutch painter Hendrick ter Brugghen?

A) Annibale Carracci
B) Bernini
C) Gaulli
D) Caravaggio

Question 40

Still-life paintings with a moralizing __________ theme were very popular in the seventeenth century.

A) intaglio
B) quadri riportati
C) caravaggisti
D) vanitas

Question 41

The Le Nain brothers are best known for their paintings of _______________.

A) religious subjects
B) peasants
C) aristocrats
D) mythological scenes

Question 42

____________ was a printmaking technique that created a line with a rich black appearance.

A) Burr
B) Drypoint
C) Register
D) Relief

Question 43

Vermeer's images of women performing domestic tasks such as Woman Holding a Balance are sometimes interpreted as references to his ________________.

A) Catholic faith
B) daily life at home
C) Protestant upbringing
D) mistresses

Question 44

Nicolas Poussin is called a Classicist because he ___________________.

A) organized natural elements and figures into idealized compositions
B) included Classical references in his paintings.
C) had studied ancient Greece and Rome extensively
D) lived in Rome for much of his life

Question 45

The undulating façade and building of the Church of San Carlo Alle Quattro Fontane is the work of __________.

A) Pietro da Cortona
B) Caravaggio
C) Borromini
D) Maderno

Question 46

Despite Louis XIV's extravagant surroundings and clothing in the portrait of him by Hyacinthe Rigaud, the artist also made him appear _______________.

A) tired and aged
B) as a beneficiary of the people
C) God-like
D) surprisingly human

Question 47

What artist was most influential on George de la Tour and other French artists of the early seventeenth century?

A) Rosso Fiorentino
B) Rubens
C) Carvaggio
D) The Carracci

Question 48

The play of flickering light against mirrors in the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles created __________________.

A) a conduit between the King's original hunting lodge and the lateral wings added later
B) a sacred space where God's presence is symbolized through reflected light all around
C) a tableau in which the king and courtiers saw themselves as they promenaded
D) a grand entrance meant to awe visitors to the palace

Question 49

What object or objects seen in Dutch still lifes conveys the theme of vanitas?

A) watches and other time-keeping devices
B) a half-eaten meal
C) flowers in bloom
D) all of the above

Question 50

The term _____________described artists in the French Royal Academy of Painting who thought the application of color should be valued over drawing skills.

A) poussinistes
B) rubénistes
C) Caravaggisti
D) Titians

Question 51

Rachel Ruysch created still-life paintings, which capitalized on the Dutch preoccupation with ________ to make her one of the most sought after and highly paid artists of the period.

A) classical themes
B) flowers
C) dogs
D) religious images

Question 52

Clara Peeters was one of the first still life artists to combine ____________ in a single painting.

A) still life subjects and tapestries
B) flowers and food
C) figures and still life elements
D) insects and utensils

Question 53

The __________ family, two brothers and a cousin, founded an art academy in Bologna.

A) Cortona
B) Tassi
C) Borromini
D) Carracci

Question 54

The Baldacchino by __________ is a canopy over the high altar of St. Peter's.

A) Maderno
B) Bernini
C) Borromini
D) Mansart

Question 55

Genre scenes were popular in the Netherlands for their _______________.

A) idealized portrayal of the peasant lifestyle
B) symbolic references to moral virtues
C) biting political satire
D) detailed depictions of flowers and fruit

Question 56

In part a reaction to Protestantism the period of spiritual renewal is known as the __________.

A) Counter-Reformation
B) Council of Trent
C) Society of Jesus
D) Mannerism

Question 57

The approach of the artist __________ has been likened to the preaching of Filippo Neri, who sought ordinary people to make Christian doctrine and history meaningful.

A) Caravaggio
B) Gaulli
C) Ribera
D) Bernini

Question 58

Claude Lorraine is known for his landscapes that typically include ______________.

A) forms that zigzag through the composition to direct the viewer's eye
B) figures
C) atmospheric lighting effects
D) all of the above

Question 59

Frans Hals painted Malle Babbe in _____________ than his formal portraits.

A) a costume
B) a courtyard
C) a looser manner
D) a more detailed style

Question 60

The columns surrounding the drum on the exterior of St. Paul's Cathedral recall _____________.

A) Bernini
B) Bramante
C) Vignola
D) Hardoin-Mansart

Question 61

The Dutch artist _____________ used every day life to portray moral tales.

A) Jan Steen
B) Hendrik ter Brugghen
C) Gerard ter Borch
D) Rembrandt

Question 62

What is Baroque naturalism?

Question 63

Why did Rembrandt's fortunes rise and fall?

Question 64

How did the architects and artists of Versailles celebrate the Sun King in the buildings and gardens?

Question 65

What is group portraiture and how did Dutch Baroque artists refine it?

Question 66

The term for painted imitations of gold-framed easel painting used by Annibale Carracci on the Gallery ceiling of the Palazzo Farnese is __________.

A) di sotto in su
B) quadratura
C) tenbrism
D) quadro riportato

Question 67

How is Borromini's architecture eccentric or unusual?

Question 68

Why was Rubens so successful as an artist?

Question 69

How did portraiture change in the seventeenth century?

Question 70

How did Vermeer make his paintings?

Question 71

In what ways were French Baroque classical painters influenced by Italian Baroque art?

Question 72

In the fourth state of the Three Crosses, Rembrandt modified the scene ________________.

A) adding God the Father at the top
B) increasing the amount of figures
C) expanding it to include more landscape
D) making it darker and simpler

Question 73

How did Bernini unify the exterior of St. Peter's?

Question 74

What is one way that scientific discoveries impacted on art of the seventeenth century?

Question 75

Why did women artists gain success and notoriety in seventeenth century art?

Question 76

Visible through Bernini's Baldacchino, the artist also executed a shrine for ___________, which symbolized the Pope's authority.

A) St. Paul
B) St. Longinus
C) St. Peter
D) Pope Urban VIII

Question 77

The Carracci family consciously rejected the artifice of ______________ instead fusing their style with the Italian High Renaissance.

A) etching
B) Mannerism
C) tenebrism
D) the poussinistes

Question 78

What is Baroque classicism?

Question 79

According to art historians, Artemisia Gentileschi frequently painted heroic biblical women to ___________.

A) claim her rightful place in a male-dominated art world
B) to provide women with a pious model for behavior
C) use her body as a model
D) steal commissions from other artists.

Question 80

How are Zurbarán and Murillo similar and different as painters?