Deck 4: Anxiety, obsessive-Compulsive, and Related Disorders

Question 1

Which statement best represents the evidence supporting the usefulness of client-centered therapy for those with generalized anxiety disorder versus for those with the same condition who receive placebo therapy?

A) Client-centered therapy is only sometimes superior to placebo therapy.
B) Client-centered therapy is vastly superior to placebo therapy.
C) There is no difference,indicating client-centered therapy is not a useful approach.
D) Surprising research indicates placebo therapy is more effective than client-centered therapy.

Answer 1

Client-centered therapy is only sometimes superior to placebo therapy.

Question 2

When would religious rituals and superstitious behavior (such as not stepping on cracks)be considered compulsive behaviors?

A) when they are done to provide comfort and reduce tension
B) when they are done more than once a day
C) when they interfere with daily function and cause distress
D) never

Answer 2

when they interfere with daily function and cause distress

Question 3

A person experiencing a panic disorder is MOST likely to also have a fear of:

A) leaving home.
B) enclosed spaces.
C) other people.
D) driving.

Answer 3

leaving home.

Question 4

Lucy is considering taking an antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin and improves brain function for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.She could expect that:

A) this medication wouldn't be very effective.
B) this medication would lead to immediate and long-lasting relief of symptoms.
C) this medication would lead to short-term relief,but relapse would occur if she stopped taking it.
D) adding cognitive therapies would help relieve symptoms in the short term but not in the long term.

Question 5

The most appropriate motto for someone with generalized anxiety disorder is:

A) "Better safe than sorry."
B) "Life's a gamble; give it your best shot."
C) "When you reach the mountaintop,it's hard to come back down."
D) "Nothing ventured,nothing gained."

Question 6

If the idea of preparedness is accurate,then:

A) some phobias should be acquired more easily than others.
B) all phobias should diminish with treatment at about the same rate.
C) animals and humans should have the same phobias.
D) phobias should be less frequent in the modern era than in ancient times.

Question 7

People with panic disorder experience body sensations:

A) similar to those people without panic disorder.
B) that are different from the body sensations experienced by those people without panic disorder.
C) more intensely than those people without panic disorder.
D) that do not occur at all in those people without panic disorder.

Question 8

Which behavior pattern is NOT listed in DSM-5 as an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder?

A) Agoraphobia
B) Body dysmorphic disorder
C) Trichotillomania
D) Hoarding disorder

Question 9

A person who believes that everything is a disaster and nothing good will ever happen again when things are not the way he or she would like them to be is displaying:

A) meta-worry.
B) irrational assumptions.
C) compulsion.
D) conditions of worth.

Question 10

What are the inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various psychological problems called?

A) moral anxiety
B) conditions of worth
C) existential anxiety
D) irrational assumptions

Question 11

Everyone has intrusive and unwanted thoughts.Most people ignore them.But some people blame themselves and expect terrible consequences,so they act in ways they hope will neutralize the thoughts.The type of theorist who would be MOST likely to agree with this position would be a:

A) psychodynamic theorist.
B) sociocultural theorist.
C) cognitive-behavioral theorist.
D) biological theorist.

Question 12

A person who experiences unpredictable panic attacks combined with dysfunctional behavior and thoughts is probably experiencing:

A) typical panic attacks.
B) panic disorder.
C) physiological damage.
D) a normal response to stress.

Question 13

What is the biggest difference between those individuals with body dysmorphic disorder and those individuals who are unhappy with their appearance?

A) People with body dysmorphic disorder may severely limit their contact with other people.
B) People with body dysmorphic disorder worry about their appearance.
C) People with body dysmorphic disorder must consider suicide to get a diagnosis.
D) People with body dysmorphic disorder would change something about their appearance if they could.

Question 14

Dr.Lopez wants to improve the effectiveness of GABA in a client.She should choose:

A) a drug that increases neuronal firing speed.
B) a benzodiazepine.
C) any of the antidepressants.
D) a drug that works on the endocrine level rather than the neuron level.

Question 15

Which thought is consistent with the thinking of someone who has social anxiety disorder?

A) I'm glad I can use my notes during my speech.There's no way I could have remembered all of these details.
B) I don't want to give that presentation tomorrow.No one even listens during those meetings.
C) I can't go on that business lunch with my boss.I'd spill food on myself and look like an idiot.
D) I'm not going out this weekend.I've had enough people interactions this week.

Question 16

A phobic person is taught to imagine the feared items as part of desensitization training.This is an example of the _____ technique.

A) covert
B) modeling
C) fear hierarchical flooding
D) in vivo

Question 17

Eldon occasionally has a racing heartbeat.When this happens,he panics and thinks he is going to die.Gradually,he has developed panic attacks if he even thinks that his heart is beating strongly.Eldon apparently has a high degree of:

A) fear.
B) anxiety.
C) obsessive imagery.
D) anxiety sensitivity.

Question 18

Davon watched his father recoil from a snake in fear.Now he is afraid of snakes.This apparent acquisition of fear of snakes is an example of:

A) modeling.
B) response discrimination.
C) escape response.
D) stimulus generalization.

Question 19

A person experiences wide-ranging and persistent feelings of worry and anxiety.This is most likely which disorder?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) specific phobia
C) social anxiety disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 20

Rhoda's fear of attending a party is debilitating.To treat this fear,her therapist has Rhoda rehearse introducing herself.This is called:

A) modeling.
B) role-play.
C) covert desensitization.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 21

In a research setting,a drug is given to a person.The drug causes that person to hyperventilate and experience a rapid heart rate.This is a(n):

A) in vivo test.
B) modeling test.
C) covert sensitization test.
D) biological challenge test.

Question 22

According to Freud,children who are prevented from expressing id impulses (for example,making mud pies,playing war,and exploring their genitals)are at risk for developing:

A) specific phobias.
B) anxiety.
C) fear.
D) an existential crisis.

Question 23

Which explanation of phobias states the belief that human beings,as a species,have a predisposition to develop certain fears?

A) the environmental explanation
B) the behavioral-evolutionary explanation
C) the empirical explanation
D) the externalized behavior explanation

Question 24

Rosa's heart was racing from her fourth cup of coffee,but she thought she might be having a heart attack.Her fear seemed to be increasing without end.This might be the beginning of a:

A) panic attack.
B) manic episode.
C) specific phobia.
D) social phobia.

Question 25

Which statement describes how phobias and common fear differ?

A) Fear more dramatically interferes with a person's life.
B) Fear relates to intangible objects,whereas a phobia is specific to tangible things.
C) A phobia causes physiological changes,whereas fear causes cognitive changes.
D) A phobia leads to a greater desire to avoid the thing that causes fear.

Question 26

What type of drug is alprazolam (Xanax)?

A) antipsychotic
B) antidepressant
C) benzodiazepine
D) major tranquilizer

Question 27

According to Freud,in which stage of development do obsessive-compulsive disorders originate?

A) oral
B) anal
C) phallic
D) genital

Question 28

Before grading papers,a professor puts on rubber gloves.During class and in interactions with students,the professor painstakingly avoids any contact with the hands of students.The professor is exhibiting a(n):

A) cleaning compulsion.
B) checking compulsion.
C) order compulsion.
D) touching compulsion.

Question 29

People who experience obsessions show:

A) typical levels of worry about real problems.
B) thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them.
C) thoughts that they can easily ignore and resist.
D) a lack of awareness that the thoughts are inappropriate.

Question 30

According to the psychodynamic perspective,if someone keeps obsessing about immoral sexual behavior and repeatedly scrubs his or her face and hands in response to those thoughts:

A) the scrubbing represents a healthy coping response.
B) the immoral images represent id impulses.
C) the superego is helping the person to avoid id impulses.
D) ego defenses are not present.

Question 31

Which statement about the use of antidepressants to treat panic disorders is MOST accurate?

A) Antianxiety drugs are preferred over antidepressants.
B) The drugs must be taken as needed rather than on a regular schedule.
C) The drugs are effective for only about 25 percent of the people who take them.
D) It appears that all antidepressant drugs that restore norepinephrine help prevent or reduce panic symptoms.

Question 32

Katherine always feels threatened and anxious,imagining something awful is about to happen.She is able to work and care for her family,although not as well as she would like.Katherine is probably experiencing:

A) a generalized anxiety disorder.
B) a hormonal imbalance.
C) no specific problem; worrying is a personality trait.
D) a specific fear response.

Question 33

The drug treatment that is MOST effective in treating panic disorders is a(n):

A) antianxiety drug.
B) antidepressant drug.
C) heart medication.
D) antipsychotic medication.

Question 34

When Marianela was a young child and watching TV with her mother,a mouse ran by.Her mother screamed,scaring her.Ever since then,Marianela has been afraid of mice.In this example,the mouse is the:

A) conditioned response.
B) unconditioned response.
C) conditioned stimulus.
D) unconditioned stimulus.

Question 35

A person was recently diagnosed with social anxiety disorder.A BEST guess is that the person is in _____ school and is _____ likely than average to have a close relative with social anxiety disorder.

A) elementary; more
B) high; more
C) elementary; less
D) high; less

Question 36

A client has body dysmorphic disorder and is considering plastic surgery.Is this a recommended treatment for this client?

A) Yes.Plastic surgery typically relieves body dysmorphic symptoms.
B) Possibly.Plastic surgery can improve clients' self-image if the "problem" area is small.
C) No.Often,people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder actually feel worse afterward.
D) No.Studies show that almost one-third of people who have plastic surgery for body dysmorphic disorder later attempt suicide.

Question 37

A major limitation of treating generalized anxiety disorder with antipsychotic medication is that these medications:

A) do not alter the activity of dopamine.
B) simply are not effective.
C) increase panic attacks.
D) can produce serious side effects.

Question 38

What is the BEST combination of treatments to treat obsessive-compulsive-related disorders?

A) client-centered therapies and exposure therapies
B) exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs
C) antidepressant drugs and biofeedback
D) biofeedback and relaxation training

Question 39

Which statement is TRUE about social anxiety disorder?

A) Each year,approximately 8 percent of all people in the United States experience social anxiety disorder.
B) Men are more likely than women to experience social anxiety disorder.
C) Wealthier people are more likely to develop social anxiety disorder.
D) Social anxiety disorder tends to develop in early childhood.

Question 40

Which statement reflects the MOST common obsessive thought?

A) If I touch that doorknob,I will be dirty and contaminated.
B) I must make sure that the brochures are folded evenly.
C) I can hardly stop myself from yelling sexual obscenities in class.
D) I hope that person dies a long,slow death.

Question 41

Someone interested in how social change,poverty,and race affect the risk for generalized anxiety disorders probably supports which perspective?

A) the cognitive-behavioral perspective
B) the psychodynamic perspective
C) the sociocultural perspective
D) the humanistic-existential perspective

Question 42

Which brain areas have been implicated in obsessive-compulsive symptoms?

A) the frontal lobes and the thalamus
B) the thalamus and the hypothalamus
C) the motor cortex and the caudate nuclei
D) the orbitofrontal cortex and the caudate nuclei

Question 43

What are the persistent thoughts,ideas,impulses,or images that seem to invade a person's consciousness called?

A) obsessions
B) phobias
C) panic attacks
D) compulsions

Question 44

Psychodynamic therapies as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorders:

A) appear to work better when used in the short term rather than in traditional ways.
B) must avoid pointing out the client's defense mechanisms.
C) work on intensifying the underlying conflict.
D) do not interpret the client's behavior.

Question 45

If a therapist gave a client homework that required the client to challenge faulty assumptions and replace them with healthier ones,the therapist would be using:

A) cognitive-existential therapy.
B) client-centered therapy.
C) rational-emotive therapy.
D) acceptance and commitment therapy.

Question 46

Several techniques,such as modeling and role-play,are combined to treat social anxiety disorder in:

A) exposure therapy.
B) social skills training.
C) social flooding.
D) self-help programs.

Question 47

Which brain area is rich in neurons and uses norepinephrine?

A) the prefrontal cortex
B) the locus coeruleus
C) the cerebellum
D) the motor strip

Question 48

Apparently,people develop phobias more readily to things such as spiders and the dark than they do to objects such as computers and radios.This observation supports the idea of:

A) modeling.
B) stimulus generalization.
C) conditioning.
D) preparedness.

Question 49

How does fear differ from anxiety?

A) Fear is a response to a specific threat,whereas anxiety is more general.
B) Anxiety is more likely to lead to aggression than is fear.
C) Fear is a response to an inanimate threat,whereas anxiety is a response to an interpersonal threat.
D) Anxiety is an immediate response,whereas fear is more vague.

Question 50

Which of the following is a major similarity between the work of Albert Ellis and Aaron Beck?

A) the notion that anxiety is caused by self-doubt
B) the idea that anxiety is heightened when a person does not receive empathy
C) the belief that maladaptive thoughts cause anxiety
D) the focus on the genetic component of anxiety

Question 51

A person is being treated for a social anxiety disorder.A therapist watches the person act out a social scene,points out what she did correctly and incorrectly,and praises her for what she did well.Which behavioral technique did the therapist NOT use?

A) role-playing
B) feedback
C) modeling
D) reinforcement

Question 52

A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings,and she is very reluctant to leave home,even with a friend.Recently,she has started experiencing sudden,extreme fear every time she enters a crowded street.MOST likely,this woman would be diagnosed with:

A) panic disorder and specific phobia.
B) panic disorder.
C) agoraphobia and panic disorder.
D) agoraphobia.

Question 53

Your worries are only thoughts.Don't try to stop them! Recognize that they're thoughts,and don't let them upset you so much.These statements MOST likely would come from someone using which form of therapy for generalized anxiety disorder?

A) rational-emotive therapy
B) mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
C) intolerance of uncertainty therapy
D) biofeedback

Question 54

Beatrice is prescribed a medication for her anxiety.When she takes a small dose,she feels calmer.When she takes a larger dose,she can fall asleep without tossing and turning.This type of drug is called:

A) a sedative-hypnotic drug.
B) an antidepressant.
C) an antipsychotic.
D) a sleeping pill.

Question 55

What is the biggest difference between treatment outcomes for persons with agoraphobia and persons with specific phobias?

A) Treatment of agoraphobia brings less relief to individuals than do the highly successful treatments for specific phobias,
B) Outcomes for specific phobias are contingent on the type of phobia the individual has.
C) Treatment for agoraphobia is easier to implement than treatment for specific phobias.
D) Treatment for agoraphobia is more successful than treatment for specific phobias,but it is more expensive and time-consuming.

Question 56

Agoraphobia is the fear of:

A) flying.
B) speaking.
C) public places.
D) spiders.

Question 57

Which theoretical position explains the origin of phobias as due to classical conditioning?

A) the biological position
B) the sociocultural position
C) the behavioral position
D) the psychodynamic position

Question 58

A psychotherapist models appropriate social skills for a client with social anxiety disorder,then uses modeling for another client with a phobia for spiders.What the therapist is doing is:

A) common; modeling is often used in the treatment of these kinds of disorders.
B) uncommon; modeling is often used in the treatment of social anxiety disorders but seldom used in the treatment of specific phobias.
C) uncommon; modeling is seldom used in the treatment of social anxiety disorders but commonly used in the treatment of specific phobias.
D) rare; modeling is seldom used in the treatment of these kinds of disorders.

Question 59

Until recently,the evidence that generalized anxiety disorder is related to biological factors came largely from:

A) drug studies.
B) clinical interviews.
C) family pedigree studies.
D) neurological studies.

Question 60

Which is NOT a disadvantage of taking benzodiazepines?

A) lack of sleep,increased anxiety,and passivity
B) return of anxiety symptoms when the medication is withdrawn
C) impairment in cognitive and psychomotor functioning
D) a physical dependence on the drug

Question 61

A procedure used to treat social anxiety disorder that forces the client to face his or her dreaded social situation until the fear subsides is:

A) exposure therapy.
B) modeling.
C) implosive therapy.
D) systematic desensitization.

Question 62

A person attempts to eliminate unwanted thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that put matters right internally.They are trying to ____ the thoughts.

A) reinforce
B) increase
C) neutralize
D) clarify

Question 63

As part of desensitization training,a phobic person is taken to a snake-handling convention to confront snakes.This is an example of what kind of technique?

A) the covert technique
B) the modeling technique
C) the fear hierarchical technique
D) the in vivo technique

Question 64

Danique is never sure of the right thing to do.She married Anthony and has wondered for hours every day for years if that was the right decision.She is exhibiting:

A) a compulsion.
B) obsessive ideas.
C) obsessive doubts.
D) obsessive images.

Question 65

An exposure technique in which the therapist confronts the feared object or situation while the fearful person observes is called:

A) modeling.
B) flooding.
C) systematic desensitization.
D) biofeedback.

Question 66

Drew is terrified of the snakes that his 8-year-old son brings home as pets.During his therapy,his therapist demonstrated how to handle snakes.This is a form of therapy based on:

A) flooding.
B) modeling.
C) implosive techniques.
D) covert desensitization.

Question 67

Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of what neurotransmitter at certain receptor sites in the brain?

A) acetylcholine
B) dopamine
C) GABA
D) serotonin

Question 68

A phobic person is exposed to computer graphics that simulate real-world situations.This is an example of the _____ technique.

A) covert
B) virtual reality
C) fear hierarchical flooding
D) in vivo

Question 69

Which statement MOST accurately reflects current research findings regarding phobias?

A) Phobias are always a result of classical conditioning.
B) Phobias are almost always a result of classical conditioning.
C) Phobias ordinarily are a result of classical conditioning.
D) Phobias may be a result of classical conditioning.

Question 70

People who experience a positive event,get excited,breathe harder,and have an increased heart rate,and subsequently interpret the symptoms as a heart attack,are experiencing what cognitive theorists call:

A) a biological challenge.
B) behavioral inhibition.
C) anxiety sensitivity.
D) an exposure relapse.

Question 71

For an antidepressant to be effective against obsessive-compulsive disorder,it must:

A) increase serotonin activity.
B) decrease serotonin activity.
C) increase norepinephrine activity.
D) decrease norepinephrine activity.

Question 72

A person asks,"What's the MOST effective treatment for social anxiety disorder?" What is the BEST research-based answer?

A) Antidepressant medication eliminates symptoms faster than,and for at least as long as,the best psychotherapy.
B) Antianxiety medication eliminates symptoms faster than the best psychotherapy.
C) The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast,but not as long,as the best drug therapy.
D) The best psychotherapy eliminates symptoms as fast as,and longer than,the best drug therapy.

Question 73

Which is an example of a specific social anxiety?

A) fear of public speaking
B) fear of heights
C) fear of tornadoes when a tornado warning is in effect
D) fear of generally functioning poorly in front of others

Question 74

Which statement is TRUE regarding the use of mindfulness-based therapy?

A) Its use has been resisted in therapy applications.
B) Many cognitive-behavioral therapists support its use in therapy applications,but only to treat generalized anxiety disorder.
C) It has been used to treat a wide range of disorders,including generalized anxiety disorder.
D) It is so new that no one is sure of its treatment applicability.

Question 75

The avoidance theory of generalized anxiety disorder suggests that worrying:

A) serves to reduce bodily arousal.
B) interferes with our ability to cope with life.
C) keeps the focus on emotions,not cognitions.
D) is an uncontrollable part of life.

Question 76

The MOST common mental disorders in the United States are:

A) mood disorders.
B) anxiety disorders.
C) personality disorders.
D) sexual disorders.

Question 77

If a person criticized everything he did,always looking for flaws,and never could measure up to his own personal standards,he would be exhibiting what Rogers called:

A) empathy.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) conditions of worth.
D) moral anxiety.

Question 78

An example of a meta-worry is demonstrated by someone who:

A) worries about all possible signs of danger.
B) worries about not worrying enough.
C) thinks about worrying.
D) worries about worrying.

Question 79

A psychologist believes that her client has a generalized anxiety disorder due to a lack of unconditional positive regard as a child and as a result has developed conditions of worth.The psychologist is following which theory?

A) Pavlov's conditioning theory
B) Freud's psychoanalytic theory
C) Rogers' client-centered theory
D) Ellis' rational-emotive theory

Question 80

Which disorder is characterized by severe,persistent,and irrational anxiety about social or performance situations in which the person may face scrutiny by others and possibly feel embarrassment?

A) specific phobias
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) agoraphobia
D) social anxiety disorder