Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

The Supreme Court justices determined that affirmative action was unconstitutional in
Regents of University of California v. Bakke (1978).

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The framers of the Constitution

A) did not emphasize civil rights.
B) did not care about equality.
C) created a government under which all citizens were treated equally.
D) established property rights for women.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The recent effort of the Supreme Court to impose "color-blind jurisprudence" has made it more difficult to demonstrate discrimination, putting a greater burden of proof on plaintiffs.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Most members of Congress, as of 2018, have a better track record of protecting gay rights
than of protecting rights for women and the disabled.

Question 5

Nearly half of the population in the South was African American when the Civil War began in 1861.

Question 6

The Supreme Court justices determined that affirmative action was unconstitutional in the two
cases from the University of Michigan in 2003.

Question 7

According to the Supreme Court justices, the pursuit of diversity by state university officials
is a constitutional application of affirmative action.

Question 8

The Compromise of 1850 overturned the Missouri Compromise of 1820.

Question 9

There are still practices and institutions that are designed to depress minority voter turnout.

Question 10

In 2015, the Supreme Court justices issued a ruling that legalized same-sex marriage in all states.

Question 11

Native Americans obtained the right to vote before African-American men and women did.

Question 12

The women's suffrage movement took 70 years to succeed in the United States.

Question 13

Slavery began in America in Jamestown, Virginia, when Dutch traders brought slaves to the settlement in 1619.

Question 14

Protectionism was based on sexist attitudes about women.

Question 15

Civil rights

A) are guarantees of equal protection under the law.
B) were debated at great length at the Philadelphia Convention.
C) are the same thing as civil liberties.
D) only apply to African Americans in the United States.

Question 16

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 resulted in a significant increase in African-American voting
in the South.

Question 17

Affirmative action can take many forms.

Question 18

The strict scrutiny test used by the Supreme Court justices to adjudicate issues related to racial discrimination is also used in instances of sex and gender discrimination.

Question 19

In recent years, many states have changed laws to restrict voting.

Question 20

While ________ involve limits on government action, ________ involve protection from discrimination by either government or individuals.

A) civil rights; civil liberties
B) civil rights; affirmative action policies
C) affirmative action policies; civil liberties
D) civil liberties; civil rights

Question 21

The white primary

A) effectively disenfranchised African-American voters in the South.
B) effectively disenfranchised African-American voters in the North.
C) was race neutral in its intent.
D) largely had no impact on elections in the South.

Question 22

What were the Jim Crow laws in the South?

A) rules that required racial segregation
B) informal restrictions on white voters
C) rules that required equal pay for African Americans and whites after the Civil War
D) rules that protected freed African-American slaves following the Union victory in the Civil War

Question 23

The rationale justifying policies that prevented women from holding political office, filing lawsuits, and similar activities was known as ________.

A) affirmative action
B) segregation
C) protectionism
D) separate but equal

Question 24

Which one of the following events prompted the southern states to secede from the Union and create the Confederacy?

A) the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency
B) passage of the Fugitive Slave Act
C) the Missouri Compromise
D) the admission of California to the United States

Question 25

Jim Crow laws

A) forbade interracial marriage.
B) protected African Americans from discrimination.
C) compelled states to provide equal public facilities for all races.
D) ensured that all people in America were treated the same.

Question 26

________ gained the right to vote in 1924, just after women.

A) African Americans
B) Native Americans
C) Japanese Americans
D) Latinos

Question 27

In ________, the Supreme Court justices determined that slaves were property and therefore had no legal rights.

A) Plessy v. Ferguson
B) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford
D) Brown v. Board of Education

Question 28

The grandfather clause

A) disenfranchised African Americans and other people of color.
B) encouraged African Americans to vote in the South after the Civil War.
C) encouraged women to vote all across the country after the Civil War.
D) encouraged Native Americans to vote in the late nineteenth century.

Question 29

When did the first wave of Chinese immigrants come to the United States?

A) during the 1780s when the country first began under the Constitution
B) during the California gold rush in the 1840s
C) during industrialization in New York City in the 1880s
D) during the communist revolution in China in the 1940s

Question 30

The ________ Amendment gave African-American men the right to vote.

A) Thirteenth
B) Fifteenth
C) Eighteenth
D) Nineteenth

Question 31

The Stonewall Inn is associated with the

A) gay rights movement.
B) women's movement.
C) environmental movement.
D) plight of Latinos in the United States.

Question 32

The United States government

A) never banned a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the country.
B) banned the Chinese from immigrating to the country in the late nineteenth century.
C) has never placed any ethnic groups in prison camps in the history of the country.
D) banned the British from immigrating to the country after the Revolutionary War.

Question 33

Legal segregation of the races was justified by a majority of the Supreme Court justices through

A) the separate but equal doctrine.
B) the equality of opportunity doctrine.
C) Jim Crow laws.
D) the doctrine of selective incorporation.

Question 34

Which one of the following is true about Native Americans in the nineteenth century?

A) The "Five Civilized Tribes" were removed from their ancestral lands.
B) The U.S. government launched a policy of assimilation.
C) Native Americans were allowed to vote in federal and state elections.
D) U.S. government officials refused to sign treaties with Native-American tribes recognizing their sovereignty.

Question 35

________ ordered the integration of the U.S. armed services.

A) Harry Truman
B) John Foster Dulles
C) Dwight Eisenhower
D) Douglas MacArthur

Question 36

Despite having long-standing roots in the United States, Latinos have only recently become a political force because

A) they are a politically diverse group of voters.
B) there are not enough Latino voters to compel politicians to pay attention to this group.
C) conflict between African-American and Latino politicians has led to internal rifts.
D) Latinos have only recently received the right to vote.

Question 37

The Indian Removal Act of 1830

A) provided Native Americans with voting rights for the first time in the United States.
B) led to the deaths of thousands of Native Americans in the United States.
C) was passed to return to Native Americans some of the land that had been taken from them.
D) was an attempt to provide political equality to Native Americans in the United States.

Question 38

The Fourteenth Amendment ________.

A) outlawed slavery
B) stipulated that states could not deny freed slaves equal protection of the laws
C) gave former slaves the right to vote in federal elections
D) gave women the right to vote in federal elections

Question 39

Which one of the following statements is accurate regarding Native Americans in the United States?

A) Native Americans earned the right to vote in the United States decades before women.
B) Native Americans earned the right to vote in the United States decades before African-American men.
C) Native Americans had no political rights throughout much of the nineteenth century.
D) Native American tribes were recognized as sovereign foreign nations as early as 1872.

Question 40

By 1860, slaves

A) had been part of the American economy for almost a century.
B) made up almost half the population in the Deep South.
C) made up almost 85 percent of the population in the Deep South.
D) were not terribly important to the southern economy.

Question 41

By the 1970s, many schools remained segregated due to ________.

A) de jure segregation
B) de facto segregation
C) unimpeachable segregation
D) de rigueur segregation

Question 42

A high school spends more money on its boys football program than on all of its sports programs for girls. This violates

A) the Fourteenth Amendment.
B) the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
C) Title IX.
D) the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Question 43

Poverty

A) is distributed equally in the United States.
B) is concentrated in white America.
C) is concentrated in areas where the minority population is the highest.
D) has largely been eradicated in the United States, just like in the Scandinavian countries.

Question 44

Which of the following best illustrates the principles for social change discussed in Martin Luther King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail"?

A) The Buddhist-dominated army in Myanmar attacks Muslim villages in an effort to drive Muslims out of their homes.
B) The Weather Underground bombs federal facilities in protest of the draft during the Vietnam War.
C) The Ku Klux Klan lynches African Americans who demand voting rights.
D) Football players kneel during the National Anthem at NFL games in protest of police brutality.

Question 45

In Shaw v. Reno (1993), the Supreme Court justices ruled that congressional districts drawn principally on the basis of race are unconstitutional, thus promoting the idea of ________.

A) de jure segregation
B) color-blind jurisprudence
C) affirmative action
D) the disparate impact standard

Question 46

According to a 1971 Supreme Court ruling, employment tests not related to job performance are a violation of the ________.

A) commerce clause
B) supremacy clause
C) 1965 Voting Rights Act
D) 1964 Civil Rights Act

Question 47

Before the 1950s, schools in many parts of the country were segregated due to ________.

A) de jure segregation
B) de facto segregation
C) unimpeachable segregation
D) de rigueur segregation

Question 48

What is important about Martin Luther King's "Letter from Birmingham Jail"?

A) It outlined the principles of civil disobedience.
B) It led to a large-scale protest of segregation in public transportation.
C) It laid the foundation for color-blind principles.
D) It was the last thing he wrote before his assassination.

Question 49

What was the primary tactic utilized by Martin Luther King Jr. in his quest to advance civil rights in America?

A) nonviolent protests
B) court cases
C) violent tactics
D) threatening to strike

Question 50

African Americans are ________ than white Americans to be convicted of the same crime, and African Americans are ________ than whites to serve longer sentences once
Convicted.

A) more likely; less likely
B) less likely; more likely
C) more likely; more likely
D) less likely; less likely

Question 51

Social movements typically succeed

A) fairly quickly.
B) when media coverage is high.
C) through collective action.
D) when people pursue their own individual agendas.

Question 52

What did the Supreme Court justices do in 2007 regarding school desegregation?

A) They invalidated voluntary school desegregation plans in two prominent school districts.
B) They overturned Brown v. Board of Education (1954).
C) They determined that school desegregation had run its course in the United States.
D) They overturned a key part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 53

What happened when the Supreme Court justices approved school busing to advance school desegregation?

A) white flight from the cities to the suburbs
B) more de jure segregation
C) the civil rights movement began organizing mass protests instead of taking legal action
D) members of Congress intervened and passed laws guaranteeing civil rights to African Americans

Question 54

What is de jure segregation?

A) policies at the state level that federal officials have no right to question
B) discrimination based in actual conditions experienced by people
C) offering racial minorities chances to catch up to other groups
D) legal discrimination based in law or policy

Question 55

Before the 1950s, what was the principal tactic used by members of the civil rights movement to press their cause?

A) nonviolent protest
B) sit-ins
C) legal action
D) violent protests

Question 56

According to the data in the chart, which one of the following groups voted at the highest proportion in the 2016 presidential election?

A) white Americans
B) African Americans
C) Latino Americans
D) Asian Americans

Question 57

What is de facto segregation?

A) legal discrimination based in the law
B) discrimination based in actual conditions experienced by people
C) offering racial minorities chances to catch up to other groups
D) policies at the state level that federal officials have no right to question

Question 58

Which one of these events signified a shift in tactics employed by the civil rights movement?

A) "Letter from Birmingham Jail"
B) "I Have a Dream" speech
C) sit-in at Woolworth's lunch counter
D) Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 59

What does the Supreme Court's string of decisions on civil rights demonstrate about the balance of power among our national policy-making institutions?

A) The justices are increasingly interested in deferring to Congress.
B) The justices are increasingly willing to put state power before federal power.
C) The justices are increasingly interested in playing an active role in civil rights.
D) The justices are increasingly combative with the president in this area only.

Question 60

The poverty rate is roughly three times as great for ________ families as for ________ families.

A) African-American; Latino
B) white; Latino
C) African-American; white
D) Asian-American; white

Question 61

Has civil rights policy been a high priority for presidents since 1992?

Question 62

In what decade did the Supreme Court finally begin rejecting protectionism as a reason for treating women differently from men?

A) 1990s
B) 1970s
C) 1930s
D) 1910s

Question 63

What is the primary constitutional issue involving affirmative action cases in college admissions?

A) free speech
B) due process
C) supremacy clause
D) equal protection

Question 64

With regard to the movement to install English as the official language in the United States,

A) a majority of states have laws establishing English as the official language in their states.
B) members of Congress passed legislation establishing English as the official language in the United States in 2001.
C) Democrats are more likely to favor the movement than Republicans.
D) it dates back to the Philadelphia Convention when a majority of the framers wanted to establish English as the official language in the Constitution.

Question 65

In 2015, the Supreme Court justices ruled that same-sex marriage

A) was not a topic for federal courts to settle.
B) was a topic for state legislatures to settle.
C) should be available in all 50 states.
D) was a topic for state judges to settle.

Question 66

Which one of the following is accurate with regard to immigration policy?

A) President George W. Bush did not support any immigration proposals during his time in office.
B) President Barack Obama did not support any immigration proposals during his time in office.
C) Immigration policy has not been controversial in recent decades.
D) Immigration policy has been controversial in recent decades.

Question 67

Which president used the National Guard to enforce a court order to desegregate a school in Arkansas in 1957?

A) Franklin Roosevelt
B) Harry Truman
C) Dwight Eisenhower
D) John F. Kennedy

Question 68

Who is Lilly Ledbetter and what are her contributions in the area of civil rights?

Question 69

The landmark decision by the Supreme Court regarding affirmative action is ________.

A) Brown v. Board of Education
B) Dred Scott v. Sandford
C) Plessy v. Ferguson
D) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Question 70

Describe the racial divide in economic terms in contemporary America.

Question 71

What is the rational basis test and why is it important?

Question 72

How long did it take for women to formally obtain the right to vote in federal elections in the United States?

Question 73

What was the Stonewall rebellion and why was it important?

Question 74

What did the 1964 Civil Rights Act achieve?

A) It barred discrimination specifically in the housing industry.
B) It banned segregation in public places.
C) It put federal election monitors in place in the South to ensure the voting rights
Of African Americans.
D) It outlawed slavery.

Question 75

Which of these events occurred first?

A) "I Have a Dream" speech
B) "Letter from the Birmingham Jail"
C) Rosa Parks refuses to sit in the back of the bus
D) Voting Rights Act is passed

Question 76

Do Americans of different races have unequal access to voting?

Question 77

President ________ initiated the policy of affirmative action.

A) Harry Truman
B) Dwight Eisenhower
C) Lyndon Johnson
D) Bill Clinton

Question 78

What were the voting rates of white Americans, African Americans, Latino Americans, and Asian Americans in the most recent presidential election?

Question 79

The strict scrutiny test holds that

A) discrimination is permitted if a reasonable argument could be made for such behavior.
B) discrimination is allowed when an intermediary is carrying it out.
C) discrimination is only allowed when there is a compelling state interest at stake.
D) states should be allowed to pass laws in the best interests of their citizens.

Question 80

Affirmative action

A) is no longer controversial.
B) is supported by white people and African Americans at about the same levels.
C) is supported by African Americans more than white people.
D) is supported by white people more than African Americans.