Deck 22: Introduction to Seed Plants: Gymnosperms

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a phylum of gymnosperms?

A) Pinophyta
B) Ginkgophyta
C) Polypodiophyta
D) Gnetophyta
E) Cycadophyta

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following structures or features is/are a part of pine needles (leaves)?

A) resin canals
B) a hypodermis
C) a thick cuticle
D) sunken stomata
E) All of these are correct.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Vascular plants include both seed-producing and seedless groups. Which of the following represents a significant adaptive benefit for seed-producing plants?

A) a protective seed coat surrounding the embryo
B) a supply of food
C) ability to remain dormant
D) ability to survive extreme drought
E) All of these choices are correct.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT associated with conifers?

A) hypodermis
B) resin canals
C) albuminous cells
D) vessel elements and fibers
E) soft wood

Question 5

In pines a pollen grain reaches the nucellus via the

A) archegonium.
B) micropyle.
C) pollen tube.
D) embryo.
E) megasporangium.

Question 6

After fertilization the integument of gymnosperms becomes

A) a fruit.
B) an embryo.
C) a seed coat.
D) nutritive tissue.
E) an ovule.

Question 7

Albuminous cells of pines apparently perform the same function as

A) tracheids.
B) companion cells.
C) laticifers.
D) vessel elements.
E) parenchyma cells.

Question 8

The specific cells of pines that develop into pollen grains are

A) sperms.
B) megaspores.
C) nucellus cells.
D) microspores.
E) eggs.

Question 9

Pine leaf fascicles (clusters) usually

A) remain for most of the life of the tree.
B) are angular on all sides.
C) all fall off, a few at a time, every growing season.
D) consist of four to eight leaves or needles in all except one or two species.
E) fall off within two to five years of their maturing.

Question 10

Which statement about the nucellus is INCORRECT?

A) Nucellus tissue is found within the ovule of the gymnosperms.
B) The nucellus is covered by the integuments.
C) The nucellus plays a role in both male and female gametophytes.
D) The food stored in the nucellus is used by the developing megagametophyte.
E) The ovule, nucellus, and integument are diploid tissues.

Question 11

A strobilus (pl. strobili) is ________.

A) an asexual reproductive structure
B) part of the gymnosperm gametophyte
C) compact, spirally-arranged group of sporophylls
D) found in liverworts
E) found in flowering plants

Question 12

The female gametophyte of pines usually contains two to six

A) pollen grains.
B) integument cells.
C) archegonia.
D) micropyles.
E) pollen chambers.

Question 13

The term gymnosperm refers to

A) plants with exceptionally active sperms.
B) plants whose seeds are produced out in the open (as opposed to being enclosed within a structure).
C) plants whose seeds are enclosed within woody layers.
D) plants whose sperms must migrate through looped tubes to reach the eggs.
E) all plants that do not produce flowers.

Question 14

A feature or structure NOT found in a pine life cycle includes

A) the production of two different kinds of spores.
B) pollen grains that frequently have a pair of external air sacs.
C) nutritive tissue (nucellus) for the gametophyte.
D) antheridia.
E) egg and sperm.

Question 15

With the exception of a few woody vines, the growth form of the gymnosperms are ________.

A) woody trees or shrubs
B) herbaceous
C) parasitic on flowering plants
D) seed-producing
E) flower-producing

Question 16

The first plants to produce seeds looked very much like

A) mosses.
B) horsetails.
C) pines.
D) quillworts.
E) ferns.

Question 17

In the life cycle of a typical conifer (e.g., a pine)

A) pollen is produced in woody cones.
B) pollen is produced in inconspicuous flowers.
C) seeds are produced in woody cones.
D) the pollen tube grows down through the style to reach the archegonium.
E) there are two integuments surrounding the embryo sac.

Question 18

The structure of pines that develops into a seed coat is a/an

A) sporophyll.
B) nucellus.
C) megasporangium.
D) pollen chamber.
E) integument.

Question 19

Meiosis occurs in pines in the microsporangia and in the

A) micropyle.
B) developing ovule.
C) pollen grains.
D) nucellus.
E) egg.

Question 20

A mature seed consists of the seed coat, nutritive tissue, and ________.

A) pollen grain
B) fruit
C) integument
D) embryo
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 21

Although most seed plant groups have nonmotile sperm, this group reproduces with motile sperm.

A) pines
B) cycads
C) spruces
D) yew (Taxus)
E) firs

Question 22

This is the largest group of living gymnosperms, comprising about 50 genera and 550 species.

A) cycads
B) gnetophytes
C) conifers
D) ginkgos
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 23

Pine wood is said to be soft because of the absence of

A) knots.
B) silica.
C) xylem vessels.
D) a hypodermis.
E) collenchyma.

Question 24

Most gymnosperms are wind pollinated. The exception is the ________, where pollen is transferred from microsporangiate strobili to megasporangiate strobili by beetles.

A) pines
B) joint firs
C) cycads
D) juniper
E) redwood

Question 25

The ginkgo is frequently mistaken for an angiosperm tree because ________.

A) it has broad, fan-shaped deciduous leaves.
B) it is woody
C) it is grown as an ornamental
D) it is grown as a street tree
E) All of these choices are correct.

Question 26

Joint firs (Ephedra), which superficially resemble horsetails,

A) are somewhat shrubby inhabitants of drier regions.
B) are confined to temperate deserts in southwestern Africa.
C) have photosynthetic leaves.
D) are in the same division as cycads.
E) produce male and female reproductive structures in the same strobili.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a gnetophyte?

A) Ephedra
B) Podocarpus
C) Welwitschia
D) Gnetum
E) joint fir

Question 28

Naval stores is a general term given to

A) amber.
B) dammar.
C) fence posts made of conifer wood.
D) turpentine and rosin.
E) decay-resistant wood used for building sailing ships.

Question 29

Which of the following is common to both ginkgoes and pines?

A) flagella on the sperms
B) broad leaves
C) soft wood
D) male and female trees
E) antheridia

Question 30

Living conifers (genus Pinus) are native to ________.

A) Australia
B) Southern Hemisphere
C) Northern Hemisphere
D) Central and South America
E) all continents except Antarctica

Question 31

Which of the following groups of gymnosperms have vessels in their wood?

A) gnetophytes (Division Gnetophyta)
B) conifers (Division Coniferophyta)
C) Ginkgoes (Division Ginkgophyta)
D) Cycads (Division Cycadophyta)
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 32

Western North America contains populations of the tallest, most massive, and oldest of the gymnosperms living. They are: ________.

A) California gum tree, elephant tree, and creosote
B) coastal redwood, giant redwood, and bristlecone pine
C) bald cypress, red pine, and jack pine
D) Zamia, red cedar, and dawn redwood
E) None of these.

Question 33

The phylum Ginkgophyta is represented by ________ living species.

A) three genera and 30
B) one
C) approximately 100, primarily north of the equator
D) approximately 90, primarily in the tropics
E) zero

Question 34

Which of the following is an aril?

A) nutritive tissue surrounding the female gametophyte of conifers
B) an alternate name for a pine needle
C) a fleshy cuplike covering surrounding the ovule of a yew
D) a light, airy seed
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 35

Which of the following is common to both cycads and pines?

A) leaf form and size
B) flagella present on the sperms
C) male and female strobili produced on separate plants
D) both megaspores and microspores produced
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 36

Conifers (Division Coniferophyta) date back to the

A) Devonian period.
B) Permian period.
C) Triassic period.
D) Carboniferous period.
E) Silurian period.

Question 37

Edible or otherwise useful gymnosperms do not include

A) horsetails.
B) cycads.
C) Ephedra (joint fir).
D) ginkgoes.
E) kauri pines.

Question 38

The fleshy seed of the ________ is considered a delicacy in Oriental cuisine.

A) stone pine
B) pinyon pine
C) Pacific yew
D) ginkgo
E) juniper

Question 39

Two of the original four cells in a pine pollen grain enter a pollen tube; one of these two, which after division eventually gives rise to sperms, is the

A) generative cell.
B) sterile cell.
C) tube cell.
D) nucellar cell.
E) spermatogenous cell.

Question 40

Which of the following gymnosperms have fleshy seeds?

A) podocarps
B) California nutmeg
C) yew
D) ginkgo
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 41

The sporophylls of pines are usually spirally arranged in strobili.

Question 42

Resins have a number of uses for human activities but are of no use to the plants that produce the resins.

Question 43

Fungi play an important role in the growth of pines.

Question 44

Ginkgo seeds, although foul-smelling, are edible.

Question 45

The chief source of newsprint in North America is

A) white spruce.
B) red cedar.
C) eastern and western white pines.
D) sitka spruce.
E) balsam fir.

Question 46

Early explorers in North America found numbers of pines stripped of their bark by Native Americans. The primary reason Native Americans did this was

A) they wanted the bark for fuel.
B) they were tapping the resin for various uses.
C) they were trying to kill bark borer beetles.
D) they used the phloem for food.
E) they used the bark for shelter thatching.

Question 47

Welwitschia plants have trunks like palm trees.

Question 48

Some gymnosperms produce only a single seed in their female cones.

Question 49

Cycad leaves are fan-shaped and deciduous.

Question 50

Conifer resins are a source of which of the following?

A) turpentine
B) dammar
C) rosin
D) amber
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 51

Most of the pulpwood for paper today comes from pines.

Question 52

The mature male gametophyte of a pine consists of a germinated pollen grain with a pair of sperms in the pollen tube.

Question 53

Gnetophytes have vessels in their xylem.

Question 54

The xylem of conifers generally contains no vessels or fibers.

Question 55

Pollen grains of pines are brought through the microphyle onto the nucellus as the fluid from the micropyle evaporates.

Question 56

Resin consists of turpentine and rosin.

Question 57

The seeds of ginkgoes have a fleshy covering and look plumlike.

Question 58

The oldest known living organisms are believed to be redwoods.

Question 59

Male pine cones commonly take four years to mature.

Question 60

Which of the following is favored for making archery bows and longbows?

A) junipers
B) cedars
C) yews
D) hemlocks
E) spruces

Question 61

The Pacific Yew tree is a source of an anticancer drug called taxol.

Question 62

Bald cypress trees, like redwoods, are very resistant to decay.

Question 63

Giant redwoods are easily damaged in forest fires because of their thin bark.

Question 64

Another term for the megasporangium is the nucellus.

Question 65

Eastern white pine and bald cypress trees provided so many useful products that their populations were drastically reduced before the end of 19th century.

Question 66

Gymnosperms generally have broad leathery leaves.

Question 67

Pines have vessels in the xylem, while all other gymnosperms have tracheids.