Deck 11: Growth

Question 1

One cellular process that is affected by auxin is the ________.

A) promotion of cell division in the cambium
B) stimulation of ion transport into the vacuole
C) formation of chloroplasts
D) inhibition of ATP synthesis
E) opening of stomates

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Japanese scientist who reported the discovery of bakane ("foolish seedling") effect on rice was

A) Nakasone.
B) Hirohito.
C) Fuji.
D) Kurosawa.
E) Kaneshiro.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The plant physiologist credited with the discovery of auxins was

A) Frits Went.
B) Charles Darwin.
C) Francis Darwin.
D) R. F. M. van Steveninck.
E) P. F. Wareing.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which plant hormone was isolated from a fungus causing "foolish-seedling disease"?

A) cytokinin
B) auxin
C) ethylene
D) gibberellin
E) ABA

Question 5

Commercial chrysanthemum growers may use a growth retardant to produce short, sturdy plants. It acts by blocking synthesis of ________.

A) abscisic acid
B) auxin
C) cytokinin
D) ethylene
E) gibberellin

Question 6

Which of the following plant growth processes appear to be affected by gibberellin?

A) increasing stem growth
B) reversing genetic dwarfism
C) breaking seed dormancy
D) stimulate growth at lower temperatures
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 7

Phenylacetic acid (PAA) is a/an ________.

A) gibberellin
B) auxin
C) cytokinin
D) an ethylene derivative
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 8

Hormones differ from vitamins in all of the following ways EXCEPT

A) Hormones control development; vitamins are needed for functioning of some enzymes.
B) Hormones are required in far smaller amounts than vitamins.
C) Hormones are inorganic molecules whereas vitamins are small organic molecules.
D) Hormones move from site of production to site of action; vitamins are produced in cells where they are utilized.
E) Plant hormones have no function in animals; vitamins are needed by animals and many are obtained from plants.

Question 9

Which of the following functions as a precursor in the synthesis of gibberellins?

A) Vitamin A
B) cytokinin
C) Vitamin D
D) acetyl CoA
E) starch

Question 10

A precursor is

A) a traveling electron.
B) a growth-regulating substance.
C) a simple molecule that is converted to a more complex molecule.
D) a gene that determines writing style.
E) one who is predisposed to using profanity.

Question 11

External environmental factors influencing plant growth and development include ________.

A) water quality
B) water availability
C) minerals
D) light
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 12

Auxins promote the growth of the stem by

A) promoting cell division in the apical meristem.
B) by promoting cell elongation.
C) by promoting stomatal opening for greater photosynthesis.
D) by inhibiting flowering.
E) by inhibiting bud dormancy.

Question 13

Genes, acting in conjunction with the environment, control patterns of ________.

A) growth
B) development
C) differentiation
D) response to environmental changes
E) All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 14

________ is defined as an irreversible increase in mass due to the division and enlargement of cells.

A) Development
B) Differentiation
C) Determination
D) Growth
E) Change

Question 15

An important commercial use of auxin is to

A) defoliate forests.
B) induce fruit ripening.
C) cause fruit to drop so ground harvesting can take place.
D) stimulate production of adventitious roots on stem and leaf cuttings.
E) stimulate flowering.

Question 16

The defoliant Agent Orange was a 1-to-1 mixture of 2,4-D and

A) TCDD.
B) 2,4,5-T.
C) DDT.
D) TCP.
E) 2,4,6-Z.

Question 17

Internal environmental factors coordinating plant growth and development include ________.

A) water quality
B) light
C) hormones
D) temperature
E) day length

Question 18

Which of the following groups of plants tends to be the least sensitive to auxins?

A) herbaceous dicots
B) monocots
C) woody dicots
D) flowering plants with net-veined leaves
E) plants with flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

Question 19

Which of the following pertaining to auxins is true?

A) Their migration from the cells where they originate is relatively slow.
B) Their movement is polar.
C) Their movement requires the expenditure of energy stored in ATP molecules.
D) They tend to proceed through parenchyma cells surrounding vascular bundles.
E) All of these answers are correct.

Question 20

Naturally occurring and synthetic ________ such as 2,4-D, are the basis of many "weed killers", especially for broadleaf weeds in lawns.

A) abscicic acid
B) auxins
C) cytokinins
D) ethylene
E) gibberellins

Question 21

The fruit ripening process releases large quantities of

A) auxin.
B) cytokinin.
C) ethylene.
D) abscisic acid.
E) gibberellin.

Question 22

The suppression of the growth of axillary or lateral buds is called

A) metabolic inhibition.
B) dioxin toxic syndrome.
C) recessive meristem induction.
D) cytokinin-gibberellin negation.
E) apical dominance.

Question 23

Which of the following is synthesized from carotenoid pigments in plastids?

A) abscisic acid
B) gibberellins
C) ethylene
D) auxins
E) cytokinins

Question 24

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Turgor movements were the basis for Linnaeus' garden clock.
B) Nastic movements are a type of turgor movement in flat organs.
C) in plants or plant parts that show turgor movements, the entire plant moves.
D) in a pulvinus, water slowly moves out of the xylem into the surrounding area, causing movement.
E) a phototropism is a form of turgor movement.

Question 25

Plants that have two critical photoperiods in order to flower are called

A) short-day plants.
B) long-day plants.
C) day-neutral plants.
D) critical-day plants.
E) intermediate-day plants.

Question 26

Differentiation refers to changes in the structure of a cell so that it can perform a specific function.

Question 27

Special cells that facilitate the perception of gravity by root caps and coleoptiles are

A) statoliths.
B) leucocytes.
C) taxes.
D) amyloplasts.
E) plebiscites.

Question 28

The most important effect of cytokinin is its influence on

A) cell division.
B) stomatal opening.
C) cell elongation.
D) flowering.
E) dormancy.

Question 29

The movement of a leaf blade on its petiole to keep the blade oriented perpendicular to the sun's rays throughout the day is facilitated by

A) bulliform cells.
B) motor cells.
C) tracheids.
D) passage cells.
E) laticifers.

Question 30

A reduction in the elongation of stems subject to mechanical stresses is called

A) cladorestriction.
B) xylar reduction.
C) thigmomorphogenesis.
D) internode compression.
E) skototropism.

Question 31

This plant pigment has two forms; one form absorbs red light and is then converted into the second form that absorbs far-red light. The second form, after absorption of far-red light, is converted back into the red absorbing form. This pigment is

A) cryptochrome.
B) phytochrome.
C) chlorophyll b.
D) beta carotene.
E) auxotropin.

Question 32

Which of the following is used by nurseries to cause active plants to become dormant?

A) cytokinin
B) ethylene
C) abscisic acid
D) gibberellins
E) auxin

Question 33

Which of the following play a major role in water-conservation movements of grasses?

A) bulliform cells
B) epidermal cells
C) mesophyll cells
D) glands
E) fibers

Question 34

Absicsic acid is associated with maintaining ________ in buds and seeds.

A) turgor pressure
B) color
C) dormancy
D) growth and development
E) steady rates of cell division

Question 35

Plant movements that are not oriented relative to the direction of the stimulus are called

A) phototropisms.
B) nastic movements.
C) etiolated movements.
D) thigmotropisms.
E) silhouette movements.

Question 36

Which of the following plant movements is due solely to an external stimulus?

A) helical (spiraling) movement
B) nodding movement
C) twining movement
D) gravitropism
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 37

There probably is only one auxin naturally produced by plants.

Question 38

Which of the following is a simple device that rotates a potted plant slowly about a horizontal axis?

A) graviscope
B) parallelostat
C) phytomotor
D) clinostat
E) None of these answers are correct.

Question 39

Which of the following is an effect of light on auxin?

A) It develops into a more complex substance.
B) It disintegrates completely.
C) It migrates away from the light against a diffusion gradient.
D) It is increased in quantity.
E) It produces a stronger response.

Question 40

The flowering of Arabidopsis is a result of turning on a gene called ________ which produces of a protein that moves from the leaves to the buds to initiate flowering.

A) phytochrome
B) CONSTANS
C) florigen
D) FLOWERING TIME
E) gibberellin

Question 41

Quiescence and dormancy with respect to seeds means exactly the same thing: that is, the embryo of a seed does not grow even if the conditions for growth are favorable.

Question 42

The pigment phytochrome has only one role in plant development; that role is involvement in plant photoperiodism.

Question 43

Variation in day and night temperatures may influence a species growth rate.

Question 44

Apical dominance can be offset with an application of cytokinins to axillary buds.

Question 45

Statoliths are involved in phototropisms.

Question 46

Grass leaves may roll up in dry weather when certain cells lose their turgor.

Question 47

The applications of certain gibberellins to a lawn can cause it to turn green earlier in the spring.

Question 48

Circadian rhythms are found in both plants and animals.

Question 49

Garner and Allard were responsible for coining the term photoperiodism.

Question 50

Dormancy caused by a thick, impervious seed coat may be overcome by filing or nicking the seed coat.

Question 51

Phototropic responses may vary according to light intensity.

Question 52

Day-neutral plants do not need light in order to flower.

Question 53

A plant that is spindly because it has been grown in the dark is said to be etiolated.

Question 54

No developmental process (germination or root and shoot initiation, for example) is influenced by more than one plant hormone.