Deck 32: The Digestive System

Question 1

The ____, which is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal wall, absorbs nutrients.

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) muscular layer
D) serosa
E) peritoneum

Answer 1

mucosa

Question 2

Which layer of the wall of the alimentary canal contracts to move materials through the canal?

A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscular layer
D) Serosa
E) Peritoneum

Answer 2

Muscular layer

Question 3

The proximal portion of the ____ absorbs water and electrolytes.

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine
E) rectum

Answer 3

large intestine

Question 4

Which of the following enzymes, which breaks down carbohydrates, is contained in saliva?

A) Amylase
B) Trypsin
C) Chyme
D) Pepsin
E) Lactase

Question 5

The ____ is the main site of nutrient absorption.

A) esophagus
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine
E) rectum

Question 6

The esophageal hiatus is the ____.

A) lower section of the esophagus
B) upper section of the esophagus
C) part of the esophagus that connects to the stomach
D) part of the esophagus that connects to the pharynx
E) hole in the diaphragm that the esophagus goes through

Question 7

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

A) It helps propel food to the esophagus
B) It secretes digestive enzymes
C) It contains vocal cords
D) It covers the opening of the larynx
E) It separates the nasal and oral cavities

Question 8

What is the palate's main function?

A) Assists in speech
B) Destroys bacteria and viruses
C) Separates the oral and nasal cavities
D) Secretes saliva
E) Prevents food from entering the nose during swallowing

Question 9

The gallbladder's only function is to ____________.

A) perform digestion of fat
B) release bile in response to the hormone cholecystokinin
C) increase the absorption of fatty acids and cholesterol
D) produce the enzymes amylase and lipase
E) store vitamins and iron

Question 10

Which of the following layers of the alimentary canal wall has blood vessels that carry nutrients away?

A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscular layer
D) Serosa
E) Peritoneum

Question 11

Which layer of the alimentary canal wall secretes mucus and enzymes?

A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscular
D) Serosa
E) Peritoneum

Question 12

Which of the following uses peristalsis to push food to the stomach?

A) Mouth
B) Pharynx
C) Esophagus
D) Larynx
E) Trachea

Question 13

Mr. Beall is an elderly patient who has severe arthritis in both hands. When you ask how he manages the pain, he tells you about taking what seems like a large dose of acetaminophen. You will respond by

A) asking if it relieved his symptoms.
B) explaining that too much acetaminophen could damage his liver.
C) telling him that it is a very safe drug and may be used liberally.
D) telling him he should not take acetaminophen.
E) suggesting that ibuprofen might work better.

Question 14

Also known as the visceral peritoneum, the ____ of the alimentary canal wall secretes serous fluid to keep other organs from sticking to the structures of the alimentary canal.

A) mucosa
B) submucosa
C) muscular layer
D) serosa
E) alimentary layer

Question 15

Which organ of the digestive system connects the mouth and the esophagus?

A) Larynx
B) Pharynx
C) Epiglottis
D) Hiatus
E) Palate

Question 16

Gerri is a 32-year-old mother of two children who is in the office for a routine annual examination. She tells you that she feels good most of the time, but she has frequent problems with constipation. Which of the following recommendations would help Gerri?

A) "Stop taking any medications that list constipation as a side effect."
B) "Increase the amount of fiber in your diet."
C) "Reduce your daily fluid intake."
D) "Reduce your level of activity when constipation occurs."
E) "Use an enema once or twice a week."

Question 17

Which organ of the digestive system begins the chemical breakdown of foods?

A) Mouth
B) Pharynx
C) Esophagus
D) Stomach
E) Gallbladder

Question 18

Food is mixed with bile and pancreatic juices in which of the following?

A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Large intestine
D) Rectum
E) Liver

Question 19

Larry is a 47-year-old patient who reports several episodes of diarrhea. While taking his history, you discover that his favorite foods are sushi, beef, cabbage, broccoli, and new potatoes. He exercises four times a week at a local gym, when diarrhea does not prevent it. What would you review with him to try to prevent diarrhea in the future?

A) Activity level
B) Fluid intake patterns
C) Food handling practices
D) Duration of his symptoms
E) Personal cleanliness

Question 20

The practitioner has determined that Janellyn, a 22-year-old patient, is at risk for cirrhosis of the liver. The practitioner would like the medical assistant to educate Janellyn on how to minimize this risk. Which of the following statements might be included in this type of teaching?

A) "Avoid drinking alcohol."
B) "Wash your hands frequently."
C) "Try to gain a little weight to offset the risk."
D) "Use only over-the-counter drugs when you are ill."
E) "Limit your intake of red meat to no more than twice a week."

Question 21

Which pancreatic enzyme digests lipids, or fats?

A) Nuclease
B) Pancreatic lipase
C) Pancreatic amylase
D) Trypsin
E) Maltase

Question 22

Which vitamin is essential for normal growth of bones and teeth, and the production of visual receptors?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B₆
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin K

Question 23

Which of these vitamins is water-soluble?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
E) Vitamin E

Question 24

Which statement describes the jejunum?

A) It is directly attached to the large intestine.
B) It forms the majority of the small intestine.
C) It is the beginning of the small intestine.
D) It is C-shaped and short.
E) It passes food on to the duodenum.

Question 25

Which pancreatic enzyme digests protein?

A) Nuclease
B) Pancreatic lipase
C) Pancreatic amylase
D) Maltase
E) Trypsin

Question 26

Which cells of the stomach secrete hydrochloric acid and the intrinsic factor?

A) Acinar cells
B) Mucous cells
C) Chief cells
D) Parietal cells
E) Serous cells

Question 27

Which of these enzymes digest sugars in the small intestine?

A) Intestinal lipase and amylase
B) Sucrase, maltase, and lactase
C) Nuclease and amylase
D) Peptidase and nuclease
E) Amylase and lactase

Question 28

The pancreatic enzyme that digests carbohydrates is ____.

A) nuclease
B) pancreatic lipase
C) pancreatic amylase
D) trypsin
E) maltase

Question 29

The ____ of the stomach secrete pepsinogen.

A) mucous cells
B) chief cells
C) acinar cells
D) parietal cells
E) serous cells

Question 30

The cells that protect the lining of the stomach are the ____.

A) mucous cells
B) chief cells
C) parietal cells
D) acinar cells
E) serous cells

Question 31

Which of the following vitamins is needed for protein synthesis?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B6
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin K

Question 32

Which of these enzymes digests proteins in the small intestine?

A) Intestinal lipase
B) Sucrase
C) Nuclease
D) Lactase
E) Peptidase

Question 33

Which vitamin is an antioxidant that prevents the breakdown of certain tissues?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B₆
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin K

Question 34

Which vitamin is essential for blood to clot?

A) Vitamin D
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin K
D) Niacin
E) Biotin

Question 35

Which of these vitamins is a fat-soluble vitamin?

A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin E
C) Vitamin B1
D) Vitamin B6
E) Vitamin B12

Question 36

Which statement describes the ileum of the small intestine?

A) It is directly attached to the large intestine.
B) It forms the majority of the small intestine.
C) It is C-shaped and short.
D) It is the middle portion of the small intestine.
E) It is at the beginning of the small intestine.

Question 37

The vitamin needed for production of collagen and absorption of iron is ____.

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B6
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin C

Question 38

Which vitamin is needed for production of DNA and red blood cells?

A) Niacin
B) Vitamin B6
C) Folic acid
D) Vitamin C
E) Cyanocobalamin

Question 39

Which of the following enzymes digests fats in the small intestine?

A) Intestinal lipase
B) Sucrase
C) Nuclease
D) Peptidase
E) Maltase

Question 40

Which of the following organs of the digestive system secretes acid and enzymes?

A) Esophagus
B) Stomach
C) Small intestine
D) Large intestine
E) Rectum

Question 41

The condition in which distended veins in the rectum or anus become irritated is ____.

A) hemorrhoids
B) diverticulitis
C) gastritis
D) hiatal hernia
E) colitis

Question 42

The ________ is shown at letter C on the figure of the digestive system.

Question 43

Which of these results from the breakdown of the lining of the stomach?

A) Crohn's disease
B) Gastritis
C) Hiatal hernia
D) Stomach ulcer
E) Colitis

Question 44

____ is a chronic liver disease in which normal tissue is replaced with scar tissue.

A) Hepatitis
B) Crohn's disease
C) Diverticulitis
D) GERD
E) Cirrhosis

Question 45

In which of these conditions does the stomach lining become inflamed?

A) Crohn's disease
B) Diverticulitis
C) GERD
D) Gastritis
E) Cholelithiasis

Question 46

Letter A on the figure of the digestive system shows the ________.

Question 47

The ________ is shown at letter G on the figure of the digestive system.

Question 48

Which of the following causes the stomach to rise up through the diaphragm?

A) Crohn's disease
B) Diverticulitis
C) Hiatal hernia
D) Stomach ulcer
E) Inguinal hernia

Question 49

The ________, which begins the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, is shown at letter E on the figure of the digestive system.

Question 50

The vitamin needed for absorption of calcium is ____.

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B6
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin D
E) Vitamin K

Question 51

Letter I on the figure of the digestive system shows the ________.

Question 52

Letter B on the figure of the digestive system shows the ________.

Question 53

Letter H on the figure of the digestive system represents the ________.

Question 54

Which of these is an autoimmune disease?

A) Crohn's disease
B) Diverticulitis
C) Gastritis
D) Hepatitis
E) GERD

Question 55

Inflammation of the liver is ____.

A) diverticulitis
B) gastritis
C) hepatitis
D) cirrhosis
E) diverticulosis

Question 56

Letter D on the figure of the digestive system represents the ________.

Question 57

____ is the inflammation of abnormal dilations of the intestinal wall.

A) Crohn's disease
B) Diverticulitis
C) Gastritis
D) Hemorrhoid
E) Cholelithiasis

Question 58

Which vitamin is needed for metabolism of fats?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B6
C) Niacin
D) Folic acid
E) Vitamin K

Question 59

In which condition are stomach acids pushed into the esophagus?

A) Crohn's disease
B) Diverticulitis
C) GERD
D) Gastritis
E) Colitis

Question 60

Letter F on the figure of the digestive system indicates the ________, which connects the mouth with the esophagus.

Question 61

The last few centimeters at the end of the rectum are known as the ________.

Question 62

The pancreatic enzymes trypsin, chymotrypsin, and ________ digest proteins.

Question 63

The inflammation of the appendix is called ________.

Question 64

In the nasopharynx, just above the palatine tonsils, are two masses of lymphatic tissue called the pharyngeal tonsils, or _______, that protect the area from bacteria and viruses.

Question 65

The ________ is shown at letter K on the figure of the digestive system.

Question 66

The beginning of the large intestine is the ________.

Question 67

The mass created in the mouth by food mixed with the saliva and mucus is called a(n) ________.

Question 68

The ________ sphincter, also known as the esophageal sphincter, controls the movement of food into the stomach.

Question 69

The hepatic duct merges with the cystic duct from the gallbladder to form the ________ duct, which delivers bile to the duodenum.

Question 70

Letter J on the figure of the digestive system indicates the ________.

Question 71

Letter L on the figure of the digestive system refers to the ________.

Question 72

The ________ colon is the portion of the large intestine that runs up the right side of the abdominal cavity.

Question 73

Mass movements of the large intestine trigger the ________ reflex, which allows anal sphincters to relax and feces to move through the anus in the process of elimination.

Question 74

When the ________ passes too quickly through the small intestines, nutrients are not absorbed.

Question 75

The hepatic duct merges with the ________ duct from the gallbladder to form the common bile duct.

Question 76

Pancreatic ________ cells produce pancreatic juice, which ultimately flows through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum.

Question 77

_________ is a type of carbohydrate found in many vegetables that provides fiber or bulk for the large intestine.

Question 78

Teeth called ________, also known as the canines, are the sharpest teeth and are used to tear tough food.

Question 79

The transverse colon crosses the abdominal cavity and becomes the ________ colon as it runs through the left side of the abdominal cavity.

Question 80

The substance produced in the liver that is used in the digestion of fats and is stored in the gallbladder is ________.