Deck 33: The Endocrine System

Question 1

Which of these hormones decreases blood sugar?

A) Aldosterone
B) Insulin
C) Cortisol
D) Glucagon
E) Estrogen

Answer 1

Insulin

Question 2

Which hormone stimulates the contraction of the prostate and vas deferens during male sexual arousal?

A) Aldosterone
B) FSH
C) Calcitonin
D) TSH
E) Oxytocin

Answer 2

Oxytocin

Question 3

Which gland or organ secretes growth hormone and adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A) Anterior pituitary
B) Parathyroid
C) Posterior pituitary
D) Adrenal
E) Thymus

Answer 3

Anterior pituitary

Question 4

Chessie will have surgery next week to have her pituitary gland removed. She asks what effects this might have on her overall health. Which of the following conditions could she experience after this type of surgery?

A) Hyperthyroidism
B) Hyperadrenalism
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Disturbed circadian rhythms
E) Diabetes

Question 5

Antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin are released by the ____.

A) anterior pituitary gland
B) parathyroid gland
C) posterior pituitary gland
D) adrenal gland
E) pineal body

Question 6

Which hormone increases blood sugar?

A) Aldosterone
B) Thyroid hormones
C) Cortisol
D) Glucagon
E) Insulin

Question 7

Which of the following local hormones that typically are produced close to their target cells are produced by many body organs?

A) Steroidal
B) Nonsteroidal
C) Prostaglandins
D) Gonadal
E) Adrenal

Question 8

The ____ gland secretes the hormone calcitonin.

A) thyroid
B) parathyroid
C) adrenal
D) pancreas
E) thymus

Question 9

Which type of hormone can cross a cell membrane easily?

A) Steroidal
B) Nonsteroidal
C) Prostaglandins
D) Gonadal
E) Adrenal

Question 10

The ____ hormones turn genes on or off in the nucleus.

A) Steroidal
B) Nonsteroidal
C) Prostaglandins
D) Gonadal
E) Adrenal

Question 11

Which hormone stimulates the body to retain sodium and water and is important for maintaining blood pressure?

A) Aldosterone
B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) Cortisol
D) Calcitonin
E) Epinephrine

Question 12

Which of these assessments would help to identify an endocrine problem in a child?

A) Tracking the child's development on a standard growth chart
B) Vision testing as early as possible
C) Evaluating the child's balance and gait as soon as he or she begins to walk
D) Evaluating the child's joint mobility
E) Evaluating the child's speech patterns

Question 13

Which hormones are made of amino acids and do not cross cell membranes easily?

A) Steroidal
B) Nonsteroidal
C) Prostaglandins
D) Gonadal
E) Adrenal

Question 14

Which gland or organ has cells that release glucagon?

A) Thyroid
B) Parathyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Pancreas
E) Hypothalamus

Question 15

Which of the following is considered a physical reaction to a stressor?

A) Decreased blood sugar
B) Decreased blood pressure
C) Increased heart rate
D) Increased urinary output
E) Decreased breathing rate

Question 16

Which of the following hormone categories requires G-protein to activate enzymes inside a cell?

A) Steroidal
B) Nonsteroidal
C) Prostaglandins
D) Gonadal
E) Adrenal

Question 17

Prolonged stress inhibits the body's immune responses by ____.

A) using up all body reserves
B) increasing the release of cortisol
C) causing sodium and water retention
D) causing weight loss
E) increasing protein synthesis

Question 18

Which gland or organ secretes epinephrine and aldosterone?

A) Thyroid
B) Parathyroid
C) Adrenal
D) Pancreas
E) Thymus

Question 19

The ____ gland releases PTH.

A) anterior pituitary
B) parathyroid
C) posterior pituitary
D) adrenal
E) thyroid

Question 20

Which gland or organ releases luteinizing hormone?

A) Anterior pituitary
B) Parathyroid
C) Posterior pituitary
D) Adrenal
E) Gonads

Question 21

The ____ releases thymosin, which promotes the production of T cells.

A) pineal body
B) small intestine
C) kidneys
D) thyroid
E) thymus

Question 22

When a person develops antibodies that attack the thyroid gland, causing the thyroid to produce too many thyroid hormones, that person has ____.

A) dwarfism
B) gigantism
C) Graves' disease
D) myxedema
E) Addison's disease

Question 23

When the thyroid gland does not produce adequate amounts of thyroid hormones, a condition called ____ may result.

A) dwarfism
B) gigantism
C) Graves' disease
D) myxedema
E) Addison's disease

Question 24

In which of the following conditions is too much cortisol produced?

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) Diabetes mellitus
E) Addison's disease

Question 25

Which of the following hormones decreases protein synthesis and inflammation?

A) Aldosterone
B) Thyroid hormones
C) Cortisol
D) Glucagon
E) Calcitonin

Question 26

The hormone that stimulates production of T lymphocytes is ____.

A) thymosin
B) melatonin
C) erythropoietin
D) atrial natriuretic peptide
E) ACTH

Question 27

A high glucose level due to the inadequate secretion of insulin is ____.

A) acromegaly
B) cretinism
C) Cushing's syndrome
D) diabetes mellitus
E) diabetes insipidus

Question 28

The hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to release hormones is ____.

A) cortisol
B) calcitonin
C) oxytocin
D) ACTH
E) TSH

Question 29

The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide is released by which organ?

A) Stomach
B) Small intestine
C) Kidneys
D) Heart
E) Liver

Question 30

The hormone ____ lowers blood calcium by activating osteoblasts, which use excess blood calcium to build new bone tissue.

A) cortisol
B) glucagon
C) calcitonin
D) oxytocin
E) melatonin

Question 31

Which of the following stimulates red blood cell production?

A) Thymosin
B) Melatonin
C) Erythropoietin
D) Atrial natriuretic peptide
E) Calcitonin

Question 32

____ regulates circadian rhythms.

A) Thymosin
B) Melatonin
C) Erythropoietin
D) Atrial natriuretic peptide
E) Cortisol

Question 33

The ____ secretes a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulates blood cell production.

A) pineal body
B) heart
C) kidney
D) thymus
E) pancreas

Question 34

Which of the following is the result of excess growth hormone in children?

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Dwarfism
D) Gigantism
E) Goiter

Question 35

Which hormone increases energy production by cells, stimulates protein synthesis, and speeds up the repair of damaged tissues?

A) Aldosterone
B) Thyroid hormones
C) Cortisol
D) TSH
E) FSH

Question 36

____ is due to congenital hypothyroidism.

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Dwarfism
D) Gigantism
E) Goiter

Question 37

Which of the following is the result of an excess in growth hormone in adults?

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Dwarfism
D) Gigantism
E) Goiter

Question 38

Which of the following releases melatonin, which regulates a person's biological clock?

A) Pineal body
B) Ovaries
C) Testes
D) Stomach
E) Kidneys

Question 39

Which hormone, released by the heart, regulates blood pressure?

A) Thymosin
B) Melatonin
C) Erythropoietin
D) Atrial natriuretic peptide
E) ACTH

Question 40

____ is a condition in which too little growth hormone is produced in childhood.

A) Acromegaly
B) Cretinism
C) Dwarfism
D) Gigantism
E) Graves' disease

Question 41

Letter E on the figure indicates the ________.

Question 42

A person with ____ will have thin skin, high glucose levels, thin extremities, and a large abdomen.

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) myxedema
D) acromegaly
E) dwarfism

Question 43

The ________ hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones.

Question 44

Letter D on the figure indicates the ________.

Question 45

Richard is a 36-year-old patient who is complaining of insomnia and weight loss. He tells you his heart often races. Richard's current weight is 126, and in his chart you notice that at his last visit 3 months ago, his weight was 142. He seems anxious while you are conducting the interview. For which of the following disorders might you expect the physician to test?

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Myxedema
D) Acromegaly
E) Addison's disease

Question 46

Letter F on the figure indicates the ________.

Question 47

Clara Simmons, a 62-year-old patient, has come to the medical office with a complaint of weight gain and puffy hands and feet. "This isn't like me," she says. "I exercise regularly and watch my diet." When you check her vital signs, you find that her blood pressure is 84/50, hear heart rate is 56, and her respirations are 12. For which of the following disorders might you expect the physician to test?

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Myxedema
D) Diabetes mellitus
E) Diabetes insipidus

Question 48

Calcitonin lowers blood calcium levels by activating ________, which use excess blood calcium to build new bone tissue.

Question 49

________ disease is a condition in which the adrenal glands fail to produce enough corticosteroids.

Question 50

Diabetes _______ is a condition in which the kidneys fail to reabsorb water, causing excessive urination. Its primary cause is the hyposecretion of ADH.

Question 51

The outermost portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal ________.

Question 52

The ________ is shown at letter A on the figure.

Question 53

The central portion of the adrenal gland is the adrenal ________.

Question 54

Mr. Harrison came to the office last week because he was confused and concerned by recent physical developments. His hands and feet seem to be getting bigger, and he is developing gaps between his teeth. He is here today for a follow-up visit, and the physician informs him that he has a pituitary tumor that needs to be removed. Mr. Harrison's symptoms are typical of which of the following disorders?

A) Graves' disease
B) Cushing's syndrome
C) Myxedema
D) Addison's disease
E) Acromegaly

Question 55

The gland at letter B on the figure is the ________.
B.

Question 56

The ________ is shown at letter K on the figure.

Question 57

Letter J on the figure identifies the ________.

Question 58

Letter G on the figure shows the ________.

Question 59

The ________ hormone (ADH) stimulates the kidneys to conserve water by decreasing urine output and assists in the maintenance of blood pressure.

Question 60

Letter I on the figure identifies the ________.

Question 61

The ________ is located in the diencephalon of the brain and produces the hormones oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Question 62

The body's physiologic response to stress consists of a group of reactions called the general _______, which is primarily caused by the release of hormones.

Question 63

The four small glands embedded into the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are the _______ glands.

Question 64

_______-stimulating hormone (MSH) stimulates synthesis of melanin and its disbursement to the skin cells of the epidermis.

Question 65

The gland that lies between the lungs and secretes the hormones thymosin and thymopoietin is the ________.

Question 66

The _______ stimulates the thyroid gland to release its hormones.

Question 67

A(n) ________ is a chemical secreted by a cell that affects the functions of other cells.

Question 68

A severe type of hypothyroidism that is most common in females over age 50 is ________.

Question 69

The ________ gland is a small gland located between the cerebral hemispheres that secretes a hormone called melatonin.

Question 70

Structures in the pancreas, known as ________ of Langerhans, secrete the hormones glucagon and insulin into the bloodstream.

Question 71

The ________ gland, also known as the hypophysis, is located at the base of the brain and is controlled by the hypothalamus.

Question 72

The hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is ________, sometimes called the lactogenic hormone.

Question 73

Nonsteroidal hormones bind to receptors on the surface of the cell and activate a(n) ________ that causes enzymes inside the cell to be turned on.

Question 74

Any stimulus that produces stress is called a(n) ________.

Question 75

Prolonged stress causes the release of the hormone ________.

Question 76

Hormone levels are controlled by a mechanism known as a(n) _______ ________, which can be either negative or positive.

Question 77

Hormones made of amino acids or proteins that bind to receptors on the surface of the cell are _______ hormones.

Question 78

A common sign of Graves' disease includes ________, or protrusion of the eyes.

Question 79

The hormone that increases glucose concentrations in the bloodstream and slows down protein synthesis is ________.

Question 80

The hormones ________ and thymopoietin promote the production of T lymphocytes.