Deck 30: The Urinary System

Question 1

Urea and uric acid are products of the breakdown of ____.

A) proteins
B) sugars
C) fats
D) drug metabolites
E) cholesterol

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

When taking a urine sample from a patient for testing, you notice it is cloudy. This could indicate ____.

A) cystitis
B) renal failure
C) renal calculi
D) incontinence
E) poor cleansing when collecting the urine

Answer 2

cystitis

Question 3

You would anticipate that a patient who has had ____ may develop cystitis.

A) multiple pregnancies
B) a history of international travel
C) pelvic inflammatory disease
D) an indwelling urinary catheter
E) multiple sexual partners

Answer 3

an indwelling urinary catheter

Question 4

Which of these is a hormone that helps to regulate red blood cell production?

A) Erythropoietin
B) Renin
C) Aldosterone
D) ADH
E) Oxytocin

Question 5

Renal calculi could result from ____.

A) obstruction in the tubules
B) dehydration
C) anaphylactic reactions
D) overhydration
E) bladder infections

Question 6

How does pyelonephritis begin?

A) As an infection in the kidneys
B) As an autoimmune reaction
C) As a side effect of some medications
D) With a loss of kidney function
E) With a bladder infection

Question 7

The expansion of the ureter inside the kidneys is the ____.

A) renal pelvis
B) renal cortex
C) renal medulla
D) renal column
E) renal pyramid

Question 8

Yolanda has been diagnosed several times in the last year with cystitis. She asks the practitioner if there is anything she can do to prevent future episodes of cystitis. What is the best response to her question?

A) "Using a condom during sexual intercourse can help prevent cystitis."
B) "Always clean the perineal area from front to back."
C) "You can call us every three months for a refill on your antibiotics."
D) "Avoid using public toilets whenever possible."
E) "Limit your fluid intake after 8 p.m."

Question 9

The ____ contains the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter.

A) renal sinus
B) hilum
C) renal pelvis
D) renal cortex
E) renal column

Question 10

The portion of the renal cortex that extends between the pyramids is the ____.

A) renal pelvis
B) renal cortex
C) renal medulla
D) renal column
E) renal papilla

Question 11

Which of the following is composed of a mass of capillaries called a glomerulus and is where blood filtration occurs?

A) Renal corpuscle
B) Renal tubule
C) Glomerular capsule
D) Proximal convoluted tubule
E) Minor calyx

Question 12

The kidneys are in which position when compared to the peritoneal cavity?

A) Lateral
B) Superior
C) Retroperitoneal
D) Inferior
E) Distal

Question 13

Which of these is the medial depression of a kidney?

A) Renal sinus
B) Hilum
C) Ureter
D) Renal pelvis
E) Renal medulla

Question 14

When a female patient develops cystitis, the most likely cause is from ____.

A) dehydration
B) fecal contamination
C) drinking a lot of water
D) frequent urination
E) wiping front to back

Question 15

An immune disorder is a possible cause for which disease?

A) Cystitis
B) Glomerulonephritis
C) Pyelonephritis
D) Polycystic kidneys
E) Chronic renal failure

Question 16

Which of these urinary diseases is likely to be treated with corticosteroids?

A) Cystitis
B) Acute renal failure
C) Glomerulonephritis
D) Polycystic kidneys
E) Incontinence

Question 17

The middle portion of the kidneys is the ____.

A) renal pelvis
B) renal cortex
C) renal medulla
D) renal column
E) hilum

Question 18

What is the name for the hormone that regulates blood pressure?

A) Erythropoietin
B) Renin
C) Cortisol
D) Prolactin
E) Oxytocin

Question 19

Which of the following is the outermost layer of the kidneys?

A) Ureter
B) Renal pelvis
C) Renal cortex
D) Renal medulla
E) Renal papilla

Question 20

What are the muscular tubes that carry urine to the bladder called?

A) Hilum
B) Ureters
C) Renal pelvis
D) Renal cortex
E) Renal tubule

Question 21

Which process of urine formation decreases when the blood pressure decreases, and increases when the blood pressure increases?

A) Glomerular filtration
B) Tubular reabsorption
C) Tubular secretion
D) Elimination
E) Micturition

Question 22

The filtrate flows into the proximal convoluted tubule during which process of urine formation?

A) Glomerular filtration
B) Tubular reabsorption
C) Tubular secretion
D) Elimination
E) Micturition

Question 23

The ____ use(s) a peristaltic action to take urine to the bladder.

A) ureters
B) renal tubule
C) urethra
D) kidney
E) glomerulus

Question 24

What are the tiny vessels that surround the tubules?

A) Proximal convoluted tubules
B) Renal tubules
C) Peritubular capillaries
D) Loop of Henle
E) Distal convoluted tubules

Question 25

Which of the following occurs in the renal corpuscles?

A) Glomerular filtration
B) Tubular reabsorption
C) Tubular secretion
D) Elimination
E) Micturition

Question 26

Substances such as drugs, ions, and waste products are moved during the ____ process of urine formation and are eliminated in urine.

A) glomerular filtration
B) tubular reabsorption
C) tubular secretion
D) elimination
E) micturition

Question 27

Which of the following describes acute renal failure?

A) Kidneys slowly lose function
B) Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes
C) Can result from poisons and/or alcohol abuse
D) Surgical repair of obstructions may correct failure
E) Can be caused by nervous system disorders

Question 28

Which of the following does not describe acute kidney failure?

A) Kidneys suddenly lose function
B) Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes
C) May cause excessive urine production
D) Can result from hemorrhaging
E) May be a result of food poisoning

Question 29

The detrusor muscle is part of the ____.

A) ureters
B) bladder
C) urethra
D) kidney
E) liver

Question 30

Located between the proximal and distal tubules is the ________.

A) renal corpuscle
B) minor calyx
C) peritubular capillaries
D) loop of Henle
E) collecting duct

Question 31

During ____, the hormone ADH controls the amount of water the body keeps.

A) glomerular filtration
B) tubular reabsorption
C) tubular secretion
D) elimination
E) micturition

Question 32

The ____ deliver blood to the peritubular capillaries.

A) afferent arterioles
B) distal convoluted tubules
C) efferent arterioles
D) peritubular capillaries
E) proximal convoluted tubules

Question 33

The group of capillaries that forms the renal corpuscle is called the ____.

A) renal tubule
B) glomerulus
C) afferent arterioles
D) peritubular capillaries
E) renal cortex

Question 34

In which process of urine formation are nutrients, ions, and water returned to the body?

A) Glomerular filtration
B) Tubular reabsorption
C) Tubular secretion
D) Elimination
E) Micturition

Question 35

During which process of urine formation do drugs and hydrogen ions enter the filtrate?

A) Glomerular filtration
B) Tubular reabsorption
C) Tubular secretion
D) Elimination
E) Micturition

Question 36

During the ____ process of urine formation, substances move from the blood into the renal tubules.

A) glomerular filtration
B) tubular reabsorption
C) tubular secretion
D) elimination
E) micturition

Question 37

Which urinary system structure takes urine away from the bladder?

A) Ureters
B) Renal tubule
C) Urethra
D) Kidney
E) Glomerulus

Question 38

Which section of the tubule is connected to the glomerulus?

A) Renal corpuscle
B) Collecting duct
C) Glomerular capsule
D) Proximal convoluted tubule
E) Distal convoluted tubule

Question 39

The ____ join with other, similar structures from other nephrons to form collecting ducts.

A) afferent arterioles
B) distal convoluted tubules
C) efferent arterioles
D) peritubular capillaries
E) proximal convoluted tubules

Question 40

Which structure surrounds each glomerulus?

A) Renal corpuscle
B) Renal tubule
C) Bowman's capsule
D) Proximal convoluted tubule
E) Loop of Henle

Question 41

The structures shown at number 4 on the figure of the kidney are the ________.

Question 42

The ________ is shown at number 8 on the figure.

Question 43

Which of the following describes chronic renal failure?

A) Kidneys suddenly lose function
B) Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes
C) May cause excessive urine production
D) Can result from hemorrhaging
E) May cause frequent seizure activity

Question 44

The ________ is shown at number 6 on the figure.

Question 45

The structure at number 1 on the figure of the kidney is the ________.

Question 46

The organ of the urinary system shown at number 3 on the figure is the ________.

Question 47

Number 7 on the figure refers to the ________.

Question 48

Donna came to the office today complaining of back pain, fever, nausea, and blood in her urine. She has a recent history of bladder infection. The physician diagnoses pyelonephritis. Which of the following would you expect the physician to prescribe?

A) A systemic antiviral agent
B) Bladder surgery
C) Low-sodium, low-protein diet
D) Kegel exercises
E) Pain medication and antibiotics

Question 49

The ________, shown at number 1 on the figure, is where the renal artery, renal vein, and Ureters enter the kidney.

Question 50

Number 3 on the figure of the kidney is the ________.

Question 51

The ________ is shown at number 4 on the figure.

Question 52

Number 9 on the figure shows the ________.

Question 53

Number 5 on the figure of the kidney refers to the ________.

Question 54

The structure shown at number 2 on the figure is the ________.

Question 55

The ________ is shown at number 6 on the figure of the kidney.

Question 56

Number 5 on the figure refers to the ________.

Question 57

Number 2 on the figure of the kidney shows the ________.

Question 58

Carol recently had surgery to repair a urinary sphincter. Since then, she has had trouble with urinary incontinence. The physician has assured her that this will be a temporary condition, but she wants to know what she can do to help alleviate this problem. Which of the following is your best reply?

A) "Wear incontinence pads for a while; it takes a long time to heal after surgery."
B) "You can do Kegel exercises to increase your control of the urinary sphincters."
C) "We can perform another surgery to repair your urethral sphincter."
D) "Try using an over-the-counter diuretic to make the urge to urinate stronger."
E) "Stop taking your prescription diuretic until you recover from the surgery."

Question 59

Which of the following does not describe chronic renal failure?

A) Kidneys slowly lose function
B) Commonly caused by high blood pressure or diabetes
C) Can result from poisons and/or alcohol abuse
D) Surgical repair of obstructions may correct failure
E) May cause headache and mental confusion

Question 60

You are working at an urgent care clinic when a patient is brought in by several of his friends. He is conscious but seems very confused. At first, the friends say they're worried because he had too much to drink, but then they admit that he was using drugs also. The patient's hands are shaking, and when he wipes his nose with a tissue, you can see blood on the tissue. Which of the following conditions would the physician likely be most concerned about?

A) Pyelonephritis
B) Glomerulonephritis
C) Polycystic kidney disease
D) Acute renal failure
E) Renal calculi

Question 61

The middle portion of the kidney is the renal ________, which is divided into triangular-shaped areas called renal pyramids.

Question 62

Chronic ________, or inflammation of the glomerulus of the kidney, is one of the causes of chronic renal disease.

Question 63

Number 8 on the figure of the kidney represents the ________.

Question 64

The loop of Henle curves back toward the renal corpuscle and starts to twist again, becoming the ________ tubule that joins with tubules from several nephrons to form collecting ducts.

Question 65

The renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter the kidney in the area known as the ________.

Question 66

Made up of the glomerulus surrounded by the Bowman's capsule, the ________ corpuscle is where blood filtration occurs.

Question 67

The ________ is shown at number 7 on the figure of the kidney.

Question 68

The capsule that surrounds the glomerulus is called the ________ capsule.

Question 69

The proximal convoluted tubule is directly attached to the Bowman's capsule and eventually straightens out to become the ___________.

Question 70

The mass of capillaries in the Bowman's capsule that forms the renal corpuscle is called the ________.

Question 71

The ________ arterioles bring blood to the tightly packed, increasingly narrow capillaries of the glomeruli.

Question 72

The renal pelvis divides into small tubes known as ________.

Question 73

The outermost layer of the kidney is the renal ________.

Question 74

The arterioles that deliver blood to the peritubular capillaries are the ________ arterioles.

Question 75

Inside the kidney, the area where the renal artery, renal vein, and ureter enter is called the renal ________, which is formed by the expansion of the ureter inside the kidney.

Question 76

Commonly called kidney stones, renal ________ can become lodged in the ducts within the kidneys or ureters.

Question 77

The ________ tubules extend from the Bowman's capsule of a nephron and have three parts: the proximal convoluted tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule.

Question 78

The wall of the bladder contains smooth muscle, called the _______ muscle, that contracts to push urine from the bladder into the urethra.

Question 79

The renal medulla is divided into triangular-shaped areas called renal ________.

Question 80

The surface area of the concave depression of the kidney is called the renal ________.