Deck 21: Organization of the Body

Question 1

The thoracic cavity is ____ to the abdominal cavity.

A) distal
B) lateral
C) superior
D) inferior
E) ventral

Answer 1

superior

Question 2

The directional position above or close to the head is which of the following terms?

A) Superior
B) Deep
C) Lateral
D) Inferior
E) Caudal

Answer 2

Superior

Question 3

What is the term for the segment of DNA that determines a body trait?

A) Cytokine
B) Nucleolus
C) Polymerase
D) Gene
E) Chromosome

Answer 3

Gene

Question 4

Bones are directionally positioned ____ to the skin.

A) superior
B) inferior
C) caudal
D) lateral
E) deep

Question 5

The knees are positioned ____ to the hips.

A) superior
B) deep
C) caudal
D) cranial
E) lateral

Question 6

The brain is ____ to the nose.

A) superficial
B) dorsal
C) ventral
D) anterior
E) medial

Question 7

In order for anatomical terms to be universally understood, it is assumed that the body is in the anatomical position, which is ____.

A) standing upright and facing forward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward
B) standing upright and facing forward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing the rear
C) sitting upright and facing forward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing forward
D) prone and facing upward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing down
E) prone and facing upward with the arms at the sides and the palms of the hands facing up

Question 8

What is the term for a directional position that is farther away from the midline of the body?

A) Cranial
B) Deep
C) Lateral
D) Inferior
E) Superior

Question 9

The cardiovascular system is ____.

A) an organelle
B) an organ
C) the group of all organs involved in oxygenation of the body
D) two or more organs working toward the same goal
E) an organism

Question 10

In what directional position is the skin relative to the muscles?

A) Superficial
B) Posterior
C) Ventral
D) Medial
E) Dorsal

Question 11

Which anatomical position is the nose compared to the ears?

A) Lateral
B) Anterior
C) Caudal
D) Superior
E) Posterior

Question 12

At what pH is a solution neither an acid nor a base?

A) 1
B) 5
C) 7
D) 8
E) 10

Question 13

The position toward the front of the body is ____.

A) superficial
B) posterior
C) anterior
D) medial
E) dorsal

Question 14

The position closest to the midline of the body is ____.

A) superficial
B) posterior
C) anterior
D) dorsal
E) medial

Question 15

Molecules are composed of ____.

A) at least two cells bonded together
B) at least two atoms bonded together
C) two or more compounds
D) water and one other atom
E) at least two organelles

Question 16

In the anatomical position, the body is ____.

A) lying horizontally with the hands across the chest
B) lying horizontally with the hands raised over the head
C) standing with the arms and hands relaxed at the sides of the body
D) standing with the arms at the sides and palms facing forward
E) standing with the arms at the side and palms facing backward

Question 17

Most of the organs of digestion are found in the ____ cavity.

A) pelvic
B) abdominal
C) thoracic
D) dorsal
E) spinal

Question 18

The pelvic cavity contains the ____.

A) gallbladder
B) stomach
C) reproductive organs
D) liver
E) small intestine

Question 19

Which anatomical position are the fingers compared to the elbow?

A) Distal
B) Lateral
C) Superior
D) Inferior
E) Ventral

Question 20

During mitosis, the nucleus ____.

A) makes a complete copy of each pair of chromosomes
B) splits and retains one-half of each pair of chromosomes
C) does not make any changes
D) undergoes cytokinesis
E) undergoes two divisions

Question 21

Triglycerides that are used to store energy for cells are one form of ____.

A) carbohydrate
B) lipid
C) nucleic acid
D) protein
E) amino acid

Question 22

____ release hydroxyl ions in water.

A) Lipids
B) Cells
C) Bases
D) Atoms
E) Acids

Question 23

Which plane divides the body into inferior and superior portions?

A) Sagittal
B) Transverse
C) Frontal
D) Midsagittal
E) Coronal

Question 24

The genetic information for the body is located in ____.

A) carbohydrates
B) phospholipids
C) DNA
D) triglycerides
E) RNA

Question 25

Which of the following is made up of phospholipids, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates and is very thin and selectively permeable?

A) Cytoplasm
B) Cell membrane
C) Nucleus
D) Nucleolus
E) Ribosome

Question 26

Which substances are the structural materials for building solid body parts?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Phospholipids
C) Triglycerides
D) Nucleic acids
E) Proteins

Question 27

When positively or negatively charged particles are released by electrolytes, they are called______.

A) ions
B) lipids
C) bases
D) atoms
E) acids

Question 28

The ____ plane divides the body equally into right and left halves.

A) sagittal
B) transverse
C) frontal
D) midsagittal
E) coronal

Question 29

Which of the following is usually found near the center of the cell and contains the chromosomes?

A) Cell membrane
B) Cytoplasm
C) Nucleus
D) Ribosome
E) Mitochondrion

Question 30

What is the term for the overall chemical functioning of the body?

A) Mitosis
B) Metabolism
C) Cytokinesis
D) Physiology
E) Meiosis

Question 31

Carrier molecules help move substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration by ____.

A) diffusion
B) osmosis
C) filtration
D) active transport
E) passive mechanisms

Question 32

Which of the following is primarily used to make energy?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Lipids
C) Nucleic acids
D) Proteins
E) Oxygen

Question 33

Which of the following describes a position close to the point of attachment or to the trunk of the body?

A) Anterior
B) Medial
C) Ventral
D) Distal
E) Proximal

Question 34

Which plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions?

A) Sagittal
B) Transverse
C) Frontal
D) Midsagittal
E) Ventral

Question 35

Which plane divides the body into right and left portions?

A) Sagittal
B) Transverse
C) Coronal
D) Ventral
E) Frontal

Question 36

The ____ of a cell is mostly water, ions, and nutrients and contains organelles that perform many functions.

A) cell membrane
B) cytoplasm
C) nucleus
D) nucleolus
E) ribosome

Question 37

When some type of pressure forces substances across a membrane, it is called_______.

A) diffusion
B) osmosis
C) filtration
D) active transport
E) metabolism

Question 38

When put in water, ____ release positively or negatively charged ions.

A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) electrolytes.
D) nucleic acids.
E) genes

Question 39

Which of the following releases hydrogen ions in water?

A) Acids
B) Lipids
C) Bases
D) Nucleic acids
E) Genes

Question 40

The elbow is ____ to the wrist.

A) anterior
B) medial
C) distal
D) proximal
E) ventral

Question 41

Substances "spread out" by ____.

A) diffusion
B) drainage
C) osmosis
D) filtration
E) active transport

Question 42

The disorder in which a person is born without pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair is ____.

A) albinism
B) cystic fibrosis
C) hemophilia
D) phenylketonuria (PKU)
E) thalassemia

Question 43

Which type of tissue covers the body and most organs?

A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Muscle
D) Skeletal
E) Nervous

Question 44

Glandular tissue is classified as a type of ____ tissue.

A) epithelial
B) connective
C) muscle
D) skeletal
E) nervous

Question 45

The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane is ____.

A) diffusion
B) drainage
C) osmosis
D) filtration
E) active transport

Question 46

Which of these genetic disorders, in which clotting factors are missing, primarily affects males?

A) Albinism
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Hemophilia
D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
E) Thalassemia

Question 47

Water moves toward a higher concentration of solutes by ____.

A) diffusion
B) drainage
C) osmosis
D) filtration
E) active transport

Question 48

The inability to synthesize the enzyme needed to produce tyrosine results in ____ which, if not detected early, can cause irreversible organ and brain damage.

A) albinism
B) cystic fibrosis
C) hemophilia
D) phenylketonuria (PKU)
E) thalassemia

Question 49

In medical terminology, the word part at the end of the word, which alters the meaning of the word root, is the ____.

A) prefix
B) gerund
C) suffix
D) combining vowel
E) preposition

Question 50

Which tissue is located in the brain and the spinal cord?

A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Muscle
D) Cardiac
E) Nervous

Question 51

Which of the following is a life-threatening disease that mainly affects the lungs and pancreas?

A) Albinism
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) Hemophilia
D) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
E) Thalassemia

Question 52

Which term means rapid breathing?

A) Tachycardia
B) Tachologist
C) Tachysystole
D) Tachypnea
E) Tachyphylaxis

Question 53

Cartilage is which type of tissue that gives shape to structures such as the ears and nose.

A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Muscle
D) Glandular
E) Nervous

Question 54

Which of these tissues can be voluntary or involuntary in its action?

A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Muscle
D) Glandular
E) Nervous

Question 55

What type of tissue specializes in sending electrical messages?

A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Muscle
D) Skeletal
E) Nervous

Question 56

What word part is added to the beginning of a medical term that alters the meaning of the word root.

A) Prefix
B) Gerund
C) Suffix
D) Combining vowel
E) Preposition

Question 57

The movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a semipermeable membrane is ____.

A) diffusion
B) drainage
C) osmosis
D) filtration
E) active transport

Question 58

In which type of tissue are cells separated by a matrix?

A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Muscle
D) Skeletal
E) Nervous

Question 59

Which type of tissue is able to contract and relax?

A) Epithelial
B) Connective
C) Muscle
D) Glandular
E) Nervous

Question 60

Which of the following terms means to surgically remove the colon?

A) Colostomy
B) Colectomy
C) Cholecystectomy
D) Coliology
E) Cholecystitis

Question 61

The third stage of mitosis is called ________. During this stage, the replicated chromosomes are pulled toward the centrioles at opposite sides of the cell.

Question 62

The term used to describe inherited traits that are determined by multiple genes is ________ inheritance.

Question 63

The conversion of glycogen to glucose molecules for energy is an example of one of the processes of metabolism, called ________.

Question 64

Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes that code for a particular trait, but the genes may be of different forms, called ________.

Question 65

George is a 10-year-old new patient who was brought to the office by his father because George's teacher noted that George may have a hearing impairment. While taking George's history, you note that he has a rather flat face with slanting eyes, and his tongue protrudes slightly. He appears to have poor muscle tone, and when you ask him a question, his father answers for him. Although his father has not indicated that George suffers from any particular disorder, from your observations you may suspect that George has ____.

A) cystic fibrosis
B) fragile X syndrome
C) Down syndrome
D) hemophilia
E) Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 66

Homologous chromosomes are also known as ________.

Question 67

A(n) ________ is formed when two or more atoms of more than one element are combined.

Question 68

Hair-like projections on the outside of the cell membrane called ________ assist with propelling matter throughout the body tracts.

Question 69

The simplest units of all matter are ________, and many of these are essential to life.

Question 70

Vince is a 24-year-old diabetic patient who has come to the office complaining of infertility. You check his vital signs and discover that his blood pressure, temperature, and respirations are normal. He is 6 feet 4 inches tall and weighs 235 pounds. Which of the following disorders might Vince have?

A) Muscular dystrophy
B) Fragile X syndrome
C) Down syndrome
D) Hemophilia
E) Klinefelter's syndrome

Question 71

The ________ are two cylindrical organelles near the nucleus that are essential to cell division because they equally distribute chromosomes to the resultant "daughter" cells.

Question 72

The ________, or inferior, anatomical direction is below or close to the feet.

Question 73

The study of matter and chemical reactions in the body is ________.

Question 74

The cell nucleus contains ________, which are threadlike structures made up of DNA.

Question 75

The study of what matter is made of and how it changes is ________.

Question 76

A frontal, or ________, plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.

Question 77

Mrs. Frantello brings her 3-year-old son David to the office because he seems a little behind other children his age. David has a rather long face with large ears. The physician orders tests for David to rule out fragile X syndrome. While she is in the office, she informs the physician that she is pregnant again. What test would you expect the physician to consider for Mrs. Frantello?

A) Prothrombin time (clotting factor)
B) Amniocentesis
C) Phenylalanine concentration
D) Complete blood count (CBC)
E) Thyroid levels (T3 and T4)

Question 78

In ________, small molecules combine to form larger ones.

Question 79

The smallest living units of the body are ________.

Question 80

In ________, substances move across a cell membrane with the help of carrier molecules.