Deck 1: Welcome to Latin America

Question 1

In 2013, the Roman Catholic Church elected the first Latin American pope. What country is he from?

A) Brazil
B) Mexico
C) Peru
D) Argentina

Answer 1

Argentina

Question 2

What three countries in Latin America comprised the "Southern Cone"?

A) Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay
B) Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay
C) Ecuador, Paraguay, and Peru
D) Chile, Peru, and Bolivia

Answer 2

Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay

Question 3

Which is the largest country, considering area and population, in Latin America?

A) Mexico
B) Argentina
C) Brazil
D) Chile

Answer 3

Brazil

Question 4

Which are the two political ideologies that, according to Chasteen, have dominated Latin American history for the past five centuries?

A) liberalism and neoliberalism
B) liberalism and nationalism
C) nationalism and socialism
D) liberalism and socialism

Question 5

What does liberalism-"classic liberalism"-mean in the case of Latin America?

A) It means that the government should be concerned with the welfare of disadvantaged people.
B) It means that economic equality should be the ultimate goal of the state.
C) It means limited government and economic laissez-faire.
D) It has the same meaning as "nationalism."

Question 6

Roughly how long was the colonization period?

A) Colonization is still going on in Latin America.
B) 100 years-it was a short process.
C) 300 years-all Latin American countries were independent by 1810.
D) 300 years-most Latin American countries were independent by 1825.

Question 7

According to Chasteen, how can Latin American history be valuable to the US?

A) Because it can make people in the US feel better about themselves.
B) Because it offers new ways to understand US history.
C) Because it is important to note the ways in which Latin American became a failure to avoid making the same mistakes.
D) Because it shows which political and economic policies the US should not follow.

Question 8

During the colonial period most slaves arrived to which of the following areas?

A) They arrived to all Latin American countries in equal numbers.
B) United States and Mexico
C) Cuba, Peru, and Brazil
D) Brazil and the Caribbean

Question 9

How did some indigenous groups maintain their native language and original customs in Spanish America?

A) Because they fought the Spaniards during the conquest.
B) Because they lived far from the Spanish settlements during the colonial period.
C) Because the Spanish were very fond of certain groups of natives.
D) Because they converted to Catholicism early on.

Question 10

Do all Latin American countries have a single history?

A) No, a single history could not possibly capture the ethnic, geographic, and social diversity of the region.
B) Yes, all Latin American countries had the exact same colonization experience.
C) No, they did not gain independence at the same time.
D) Yes, they all speak the same language.

Question 11

How do Latin American nationalists feel about foreign influence?

A) They believe in resisting the influence of outside control.
B) They are indifferent about foreign influence.
C) They believe it is important to resist all foreign political influence but welcome foreign capital.
D) They welcome foreign ideas and capital.

Question 12

Neoliberalism

A) proved to be very successful for the Latin American people of all social classes.
B) has rarely produced equitable prosperity in the region.
C) empowered indigenous groups.
D) empowered people of African descent.

Question 13

What aspects of Latin American history do "blood" and "fire," which appear in the title of the book, represent?

A) conquest and independence
B) slavery and the Inquisition
C) independence and civil war
D) conquest and slavery

Question 14

Which of the following statements best describes Latin America?

A) It is a region where people are more or less equal.
B) It is a region of extreme inequalities.
C) It is a region where people are mostly white.
D) It is a region with a low contingent of European immigrants.

Question 15

Traditionally, the United States has regarded Latin America as a story of failure. Why is this the case?

A) Because of the region's mixed races and lack of work ethic.
B) Because most people in Latin America do not believe in God.
C) Because the region is culturally backward in relation to the arts.
D) Because most of the region has always had populist leaders.

Question 16

In terms of race, which of the following statements is closer to reality?

A) Most people in Latin America belong to a similar race.
B) 90% of the population in Latin America come from native communities.
C) Today, there are very few people of African descent in Latin America.
D) Latin America is probably the most racially diverse of world regions.

Question 17

Between 1940 and 1960, US historians discarded the theory of determinism to explain the "failure" of Latin America. They replaced it with a new theory. What does this new theory argue?

A) Latin America would only be able to join the developed world when its people became Protestant.
B) Latin America was doomed, and always will be, because of its people.
C) In order to advance to a developed state, the region needed to modernize by dismissing all backward mentalities and traditional social structures.
D) It was vital for the region to maintain its traditions and give all power to the landowning elites.

Question 18

Which three countries in Latin America are characterized by a large population of indigenous people?

A) Guatemala, Chile, and Bolivia
B) Guatemala, Bolivia, and Peru
C) Ecuador, Argentina, and Uruguay
D) Ecuador, Brazil, and Argentina

Question 19

Which of the following statements best describes the principles of liberal ideology?

A) It favors tradition over progress.
B) It promotes equality of citizenship.
C) It consists of a set of values that developed in Spain and Portugal.
D) It promotes government control over the free market.

Question 20

Nationalism

A) is usually to the left of the political spectrum.
B) is usually to the right of the political spectrum.
C) represents the idea that everyone ought to be part of a nation and that nations should rule themselves.
D) appeals to universal models that ought to be replicated in Latin America.

Question 21

Most African slaves traveled to which of the following countries?

A) Cuba
B) Costa Rica
C) Guatemala
D) Brazil

Question 22

Which of the following countries received a large influx of Italian immigrants?

A) Argentina
B) Brazil
C) Guatemala
D) Paraguay

Question 23

Chasteen argues that nationalism emerged as a great challenge to liberalism. Why is this the case?

A) Because liberalism promotes free trade while nationalism promotes national uniqueness.
B) Because liberalism is to the left of the spectrum while nationalism is to the right.
C) Because liberalism promotes equality while nationalism favors the elites.
D) Because nationalism looks at foreign models while liberalism does not.

Question 24

Today, nationalists are challenging liberals in different Latin American countries. From what side of the political spectrum are these nationalists coming from?

A) They come from the right of the political spectrum. They believe in free trade.
B) They come from the left of the political spectrum. They believe in free trade.
C) They come from the right of the political spectrum. They tend to look outside their countries for models to follow.
D) They come from the left of the political spectrum. They believe in national uniqueness.