Deck 10: Reaction

Question 1

Which statement best describes the Alliance for Progress aid policy?

A) It was meant to reduce military involvement in Latin America.
B) It was created to respond to the military governments.
C) It was created to supplement the guerrillas in Latin America.
D) It was meant to reduce revolutionary pressure by promoting Latin America's economic development.

Answer 1

It was meant to reduce revolutionary pressure by promoting Latin America's economic development.

Question 2

How was the national security doctrine supposed to function?

A) Ideally, the United States would handle communist invaders from outside the hemisphere and Latin American armies would deal with any domestic communist opposition.
B) The United States would take care of all communist threats by having a standing army in each Latin American country.
C) The United States would not get involved in the national affairs of any Latin American country.
D) Ideally, Latin American armies would handle communist invaders from outside the hemisphere and the United States would take care of communist threats in each particular country.

Answer 2

The United States would take care of all communist threats by having a standing army in each Latin American country.

Question 3

How did the military respond to the guerrillas in Argentina?

A) The military responded by sending death squads to capture the guerrillas.
B) The military did not respond at all.
C) The military lured the guerrillas into joining their ranks.
D) There were no guerrillas in Argentina.

Answer 3

The military responded by sending death squads to capture the guerrillas.

Question 4

What happened to Juan Perón after he became president in 1973?

A) He died.
B) He resigned.
C) He went into exile.
D) He married Evita.

Question 5

Which of the following is true about Salvador Allende?

A) He was anti-democratic.
B) He allied with Pinochet in 1973.
C) He was a socialist who became president of Chile in 1970.
D) He was an ally of the United States.

Question 6

Why did Latin America's authoritarian military governments ultimately collapse?

A) They did not succeed in their own anticommunist crusades.
B) They believed it was time for a democratic change.
C) They collapsed due to their own mistakes.
D) People voted against them.

Question 7

Which Latin American country had the best record of constitutional governments succeeding each other?

A) Chile
B) Argentina
C) Cuba
D) Brazil

Question 8

How did the upper class feel about Marxist ideas?

A) They profoundly disliked them.
B) They could not care less about them.
C) They adopted them as their own.
D) They adopted some Marxist ideas as their own, but rejected others.

Question 9

Which of the following was a direct consequence of the national security doctrine?

A) Latin American armed forces lost power.
B) It drove Latin American countries to identify more closely with Europe.
C) Most Latin American armed forces started to take an active role in their own local and national affairs affairs.
D) The United States lost any control it had over Latin American nations.

Question 10

Which statement best describes the Peruvian military regime of the 1960s-1970s?

A) It was an important element of the larger trend toward anticommunist governments in the region.
B) It was exceptional because it was not motivated by anticommunist ideas.
C) It was similar to the Chilean regime of General Pinochet.
D) It was actively opposed by the Cuban government.

Question 11

Who instituted the Alliance for Progress?

A) Juan Perón
B) the Somoza family
C) the Cuban revolutionaries
D) John F. Kennedy

Question 12

Who were the main supporters of Salvador Allende in the early 1970s?

A) the workers
B) the United States
C) the army
D) the Catholic Church

Question 13

Who did the Sandinista National Liberation Front fight against in the 1970s?

A) the Somoza family
B) Juan Perón
C) the revolutionaries
D) the Cuban military

Question 14

Who was the most important American ally against communism?

A) Brazil
B) Europe
C) the Catholic Church
D) the Latin American armed forces

Question 15

Why was the victory of the Sandinistas in Nicaragua during the late 1970s possible?

A) Cuba assisted them.
B) A widespread rebellion began when the Somozas killed a prominent conservative journalist.
C) The United States withdrew military aid to Somoza's National Guard.
D) They joined forces with Guatemala, El Salvador, and other Central American nations.

Question 16

How did Costa Rica avoid the polarization and violence typical of the Cold War era in Central America?

A) It had a large indigenous population.
B) It was not as politically explosive as other neighboring countries.
C) Exploitative colonial hierarchies were a burden to the country.
D) It had a very strong army.

Question 17

Who were Las Madres de la Plaza de Mayo?

A) Women who participated in politics during the revolution.
B) Mothers whose children had disappeared at the hands of the dictatorship.
C) Mothers trying to adopt lost children.
D) Women hoping for equality.

Question 18

What did El Salvador's Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front FMLN), a leftist guerrilla army, do during the 1980s?

A) They defeated the local army and took power.
B) They failed to defeat a Salvadorian army trained and equipped by the United States.
C) They participated in elections and managed to win the presidency.
D) They were defeated by the US army.

Question 19

Where were the "last battles" of the Cold War fought?

A) Cuba and Haiti
B) Central America
C) Mexico and Brazil
D) Chile and Argentina

Question 20

What was the relationship that the Latin American Marxist revolutionaries established with Russia?

A) They did not know about Russia at all.
B) They were heavily aided by Russia.
C) The Marxist revolutionaries of Latin America almost never depended on Russia.
D) The Marxist revolutionaries of Latin America followed Russia's orders.

Question 21

Which type of business did Pablo Escobar start in Colombia during the 1970s and 1980s?

A) He traded arms with Europe.
B) He sold illegal drugs, mainly to the United States.
C) He traded coffee with the United States and Europe.
D) He traded cacao with the United States and Europe.

Question 22

Who succeeded Juan Perón after he died?

A) Jorge Rafael Videla
B) Salvador Allende
C) Isabel Perón
D) Evita Perón

Question 23

Which statement best describes the Brazilian government that started in 1964?

A) It was an undemocratic government under the guise of a constitutional government.
B) It was a democratic government.
C) It was a socialist government.
D) It was an undemocratic government that did not care about appearances.

Question 24

How did the people of the Medellín cartel react when they were threatened with extradition to the United States?

A) with "narco-terrorism"
B) by attacking the United States
C) by withdrawing their financial support of the US army
D) by killing Pablo Escobar

Question 25

In which of the following countries did the military not take over in the 1980s?

A) Chile
B) Colombia
C) Argentina
D) Uruguay